Panperissodactyla: Difference between revisions
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = Mesaxonia |
| name = Mesaxonia |
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| fossil_range = {{ |
| fossil_range = {{geological range|64|0}} |
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| image = The Perissodactyl.jpg |
| image = The Perissodactyl.jpg |
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| image_caption = Clockwise from left: [[plains zebra]] (''Equus quagga''), [[Indian rhinoceros]] (''Rhinoceros unicornis'') and [[South American tapir|Brazilian tapir]] (''Tapirus terrestris'') |
| image_caption = Clockwise from left: [[plains zebra]] (''Equus quagga''), [[Indian rhinoceros]] (''Rhinoceros unicornis'') and [[South American tapir|Brazilian tapir]] (''Tapirus terrestris'') |
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| image2_caption = ''[[Macrauchenia]] patachonica'' |
| image2_caption = ''[[Macrauchenia]] patachonica'' |
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| taxon = Mesaxonia |
| taxon = Mesaxonia |
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| authority = Marsh, 1884 |
| authority = Marsh, 1884<ref name="FW">{{Fossilworks |id=321755 |title=Mesaxonia}}</ref> |
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| subdivision_ranks = |
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups |
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| subdivision = {{center|see text}} |
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⚫ | **†[[Notoungulata]]<ref name=WelkerCollins2015>{{Cite journal|title = Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin/'s South American ungulates|journal = Nature|date = March 18, 2015|issn = 1476-4687|volume = 522|issue = 7554|doi = 10.1038/nature14249|first1 = Frido|last1 = Welker|first2 = Matthew J.|last2 = Collins|first3 = Jessica A.|last3 = Thomas|first4 = Marc|last4 = Wadsley|first5 = Selina|last5 = Brace|first6 = Enrico|last6 = Cappellini|first7 = Samuel T.|last7 = Turvey|first8 = Marcelo|last8 = Reguero|first9 = Javier N.|last9 = Gelfo|pages=81–84|pmid=25799987|bibcode = 2015Natur.522...81W|s2cid = 4467386|url = http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/91438/1/Welker_postprint.docx}}</ref> |
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'''Mesaxonia''' (near-synonymous with |
'''Mesaxonia''' (near-synonymous with '''Panperissodactyla''') is a clade of [[ungulate]]s whose weight is distributed on the third toe on all legs through the plane symmetry of their feet. For a while it was often seen to only contain the order [[Odd-toed ungulate|Perissodactyla]] (which includes the equines, rhinos and tapirs). Recent work in morphological cladistics and ancient DNA suggests that several extinct lineages, like the [[Desmostylia]] and some of the South American ungulates of [[Meridiungulata]] (both groups traditionally seen as Afrotherian relatives) are related to the perissodactyls.<ref name="Cooper2014">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0109232| pmid = 25295875| title = Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls| journal = [[PLOS ONE]]| volume = 9| issue = 10| pages = e109232| date = 2014-10-08| last1 = Cooper | first1 = L. N. | last2 = Seiffert | first2 = E. R. | last3 = Clementz | first3 = M. | last4 = Madar | first4 = S. I. | last5 = Bajpai | first5 = S. | last6 = Hussain | first6 = S. T. | last7 = Thewissen | first7 = J. G. M.| pmc=4189980| bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j9232C| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name = "Qiu2014">{{cite web | last = Qiu | first = L. | title = Ancient "Oddball" Mammal Reshuffles Family Tree? | publisher = [[National Geographic Society]] | date = 2014-10-08 | url = http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/10/08/animals-science-paleontology-fossils-evolution-rhinoceroses-elephants/ | access-date = 2014-10-11 | archive-date = 2014-10-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141011071917/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/10/08/animals-science-paleontology-fossils-evolution-rhinoceroses-elephants/}}</ref> |
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== Classification == |
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*'''Mesaxonia''' |
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⚫ | ***†[[Notoungulata]]<ref name=WelkerCollins2015>{{Cite journal|title = Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin/'s South American ungulates|journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date = March 18, 2015|issn = 1476-4687|volume = 522|issue = 7554|doi = 10.1038/nature14249|first1 = Frido|last1 = Welker|first2 = Matthew J.|last2 = Collins|first3 = Jessica A.|last3 = Thomas|first4 = Marc|last4 = Wadsley|first5 = Selina|last5 = Brace|first6 = Enrico|last6 = Cappellini|first7 = Samuel T.|last7 = Turvey|first8 = Marcelo|last8 = Reguero|first9 = Javier N.|last9 = Gelfo|pages=81–84|pmid=25799987|bibcode = 2015Natur.522...81W|s2cid = 4467386|url = http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/91438/1/Welker_postprint.docx}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*{{cite web |title=Systematics of Placental Mammals -- Mesaxonia |website=University of California Museum of Paleontology |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/mesaxonia/mesaxonia.html |ref=none}} |
*{{cite web |title=Systematics of Placental Mammals -- Mesaxonia |website=[[University of California Museum of Paleontology]] |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/mesaxonia/mesaxonia.html |ref=none}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q6821149}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6821149}} |
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[[Category:Ungulates]] |
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[[Category:Taxa described in 1884]] |
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[[Category:Mammal taxonomy]] |
[[Category:Mammal taxonomy]] |
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[[Category:Controversial mammal taxa]] |
[[Category:Controversial mammal taxa]] |
Revision as of 18:19, 13 November 2022
Mesaxonia Temporal range:
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Clockwise from left: plains zebra (Equus quagga), Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) | |
Macrauchenia patachonica | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Mirorder: | Euungulata |
Clade: | Mesaxonia Marsh, 1884[1] |
Subgroups | |
see text
|
Mesaxonia (near-synonymous with Panperissodactyla) is a clade of ungulates whose weight is distributed on the third toe on all legs through the plane symmetry of their feet. For a while it was often seen to only contain the order Perissodactyla (which includes the equines, rhinos and tapirs). Recent work in morphological cladistics and ancient DNA suggests that several extinct lineages, like the Desmostylia and some of the South American ungulates of Meridiungulata (both groups traditionally seen as Afrotherian relatives) are related to the perissodactyls.[2][3]
Classification
- Mesaxonia
- †Dinocerata[4]
- †Phenacodontidae
- Panperissodactyla
- †Anthracobunia
- †Litopterna
- †Notoungulata[5]
- Perissodactyla
References
- ^ "Mesaxonia". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.
- ^ a b c d Cooper, L. N.; Seiffert, E. R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S. I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S. T.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2014-10-08). "Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e109232. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9232C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232. PMC 4189980. PMID 25295875.
- ^ a b Qiu, L. (2014-10-08). "Ancient "Oddball" Mammal Reshuffles Family Tree?". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2014-10-11. Retrieved 2014-10-11.
- ^ BURGER, Benjamin J., THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE SABER-TOOTHED AND HORNED GIANTS OF THE EOCENE: THE UINTATHERES (ORDER DINOCERATA), Utah State University Uintah Basin Campus, Vernal, UT, United States of America, 84078, SVP 2015
- ^ Welker, Frido; Collins, Matthew J.; Thomas, Jessica A.; Wadsley, Marc; Brace, Selina; Cappellini, Enrico; Turvey, Samuel T.; Reguero, Marcelo; Gelfo, Javier N. (March 18, 2015). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin/'s South American ungulates". Nature. 522 (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25799987. S2CID 4467386.