Jump to content

Kalayavana: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
a random blog post is not reilable
+
Line 19: Line 19:
==Legend==
==Legend==
[[File: Brooklyn Museum - Kalayavana Surrounds Mathura Page from a Dispersed Bhagavata Purana Series.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Kalayavana Surrounds Mathura Page from a Dispersed Bhagavata Purana Series - [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]
[[File: Brooklyn Museum - Kalayavana Surrounds Mathura Page from a Dispersed Bhagavata Purana Series.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Kalayavana Surrounds Mathura Page from a Dispersed Bhagavata Purana Series - [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]

⚫
According to the [[Vishnu Purana]] and [[Harivamsa]], Kalayavana was a yavana king. He was the partial incarnation of Krodha.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Dutt|editor-first=Manmatha Nath |url=http://archive.org/details/AProseEnglishTranslationOfHarivamsh|title=A Prose English Translation Of Harivamsha|date=1897}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=www.wisdomlib.org|date=2014-08-30|title=Burning of Yavana king, Kalayavana and praise of Mucukunda to Kansa [Chapter XXIII]|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116045.html|access-date=2021-12-10|website=www.wisdomlib.org|language=en}}</ref>
''[[Brahmanda Purana]]'' 14.46ff narrates the following story of Kalayavana's birth: a woman named Vrka-devi decided to test the virility of Gargya ([[IAST]]: Gārgya, "descendent of [[Garga (sage)|Garga]]"). Gargya was unable to ejaculate, for which the Yadavas insulted him. After a 12-year [[tapasya|penance]], Gargya got a boon from [[Shiva|Mahadeva]] that he would get a son who would destroy the Yadavas. During his penance, ate iron fillings that made his complexion iron-black (''kāla''). Subsequently, Gargya came to Mathura, and had sex with a cowherd's daughter (''gopi''), who was actually a [[apsara|nymph]] in disguise. Kala-yavana was the reuslt of this union: Garga crowned him king and [[vānaprastha|left for forest]].<ref name="TS_1991">{{cite book |author=Thaneswar Sarmah |title=The Bharadvājas in Ancient India |year=1991 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120806399 |pages=128-129 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Bharadv%C4%81jas_in_Ancient_India/xFyu7MANWPAC }}</ref>

⚫
According to the [[Vishnu Purana]] and [[Harivamsa]], Kalayavana was a [[Yavana]] king. He was the partial incarnation of Krodha.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Dutt|editor-first=Manmatha Nath |url=http://archive.org/details/AProseEnglishTranslationOfHarivamsh|title=A Prose English Translation Of Harivamsha|date=1897}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=www.wisdomlib.org|date=2014-08-30|title=Burning of Yavana king, Kalayavana and praise of Mucukunda to Kansa [Chapter XXIII]|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116045.html|access-date=2021-12-10|website=www.wisdomlib.org|language=en}}</ref>


[[Jarasandha]], Kansa's father-in-law, and the ruler of [[Magadha]] attacks [[Mathura]] seventeen times, but is beaten by Krishna every time. Jarasandha unable to defeat Krishna on his own made an alliance with Kalayavana. Kalayavana is a powerful yavana warrior who had gotten a boon from Shiva that on the battlefield, he would be undefeatable.<ref name="HARIVAMSHAM">{{cite web|url=http://mahabharata-resources.org/ola/ky_GP.html |title=HARIVAMSHAM (GEETA PRESS) |website=mahabharata-resources.org}}</ref>
[[Jarasandha]], Kansa's father-in-law, and the ruler of [[Magadha]] attacks [[Mathura]] seventeen times, but is beaten by Krishna every time. Jarasandha unable to defeat Krishna on his own made an alliance with Kalayavana. Kalayavana is a powerful yavana warrior who had gotten a boon from Shiva that on the battlefield, he would be undefeatable.<ref name="HARIVAMSHAM">{{cite web|url=http://mahabharata-resources.org/ola/ky_GP.html |title=HARIVAMSHAM (GEETA PRESS) |website=mahabharata-resources.org}}</ref>


Krishna, in order to defend his people, built a new strong and glorious city, named [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], to which he transported the inhabitants of Mathura.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hmvp/hmvp26.htm |title=THE KRISHNA AVATĀRA |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Kalayavana attacked Mathurā with an army of 30 million yavanas. Krishna, realising that the yavanas have greatly outnumbered all the Yādavas, decided to challenge Kalayavana for a duel. Krishna strategically fled the battlefield. Krishna lured Kalayavana into the cave where the great king of ''[[Treta Yuga]]'', [[Muchukunda]], one of the forefathers of [[Rama|Rāma]], was in a deep slumber of thousands of years after helping [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] in an epic war with [[asura]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-24|title=A Hindu King who Slept for Almost 4 Million Years!|url=https://haribhakt.com/a-hindu-king-who-slept-for-almost-4-million-years/|access-date=2021-12-10|website=HariBhakt {{!}} History, Facts, Awareness of Hinduism|language=en-US}}</ref>
Krishna, in order to defend his people, built a new strong and glorious city, named [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], to which he transported the inhabitants of Mathura.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hmvp/hmvp26.htm |title=THE KRISHNA AVATĀRA |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Kalayavana attacked Mathurā with an army of 30 million Yavanas. Krishna, realising that the Yavanas have greatly outnumbered all the Yādavas, decided to challenge Kalayavana for a duel. Krishna strategically fled the battlefield. Krishna lured Kalayavana into the cave where the great king of ''[[Treta Yuga]]'', [[Muchukunda]], one of the forefathers of [[Rama|Rāma]], was in a deep slumber of thousands of years after helping [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] in an epic war with [[asura]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-24|title=A Hindu King who Slept for Almost 4 Million Years!|url=https://haribhakt.com/a-hindu-king-who-slept-for-almost-4-million-years/|access-date=2021-12-10|website=HariBhakt {{!}} History, Facts, Awareness of Hinduism|language=en-US}}</ref>


Contemplating an absolutely undisturbed sleep he was given a boon by [[Indra]] that anyone who dared to disturb his sleep would get burnt to ashes immediately.<ref name=" HARIVAMSHAM"/> In the ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'', in the darkness deep inside the cave, Krishna covered Muchukunda with his shawl. Kalayavana, assuming him to be Krishna kicked him, thus disturbing his sleep and burning into ashes. Muchukunda was delighted to see Krishna there. Krishna advises him to perform tapasya to cleanse the accumulated sins to attain moksha. After meeting with the lord, Muchukunda sets out of the cave. Muchukunda then goes north to [[Mount Gandhamadana|Gandamadana Mountain]], and from there to [[Badrinath|Badrikashrama]] for doing penance and finally achieves liberation, the [[moksha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muchukunda|url=http://www.mythfolklore.net/india/encyclopedia/muchukunda.htm|access-date=2021-12-10|website=www.mythfolklore.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mytholgical Story : Krishna and Muchkunda|url=https://www.kidsgen.com/fables_and_fairytales/indian_mythology_stories/krishna_and_muchkunda.htm|access-date=2021-12-10|website=www.kidsgen.com}}</ref>
Contemplating an absolutely undisturbed sleep he was given a boon by [[Indra]] that anyone who dared to disturb his sleep would get burnt to ashes immediately.<ref name=" HARIVAMSHAM"/> In the ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'', in the darkness deep inside the cave, Krishna covered Muchukunda with his shawl. Kalayavana, assuming him to be Krishna kicked him, thus disturbing his sleep and burning into ashes. Muchukunda was delighted to see Krishna there. Krishna advises him to perform tapasya to cleanse the accumulated sins to attain moksha. After meeting with the lord, Muchukunda sets out of the cave. Muchukunda then goes north to [[Mount Gandhamadana|Gandamadana Mountain]], and from there to [[Badrinath|Badrikashrama]] for doing penance and finally achieves liberation, the [[moksha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muchukunda|url=http://www.mythfolklore.net/india/encyclopedia/muchukunda.htm|access-date=2021-12-10|website=www.mythfolklore.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mytholgical Story : Krishna and Muchkunda|url=https://www.kidsgen.com/fables_and_fairytales/indian_mythology_stories/krishna_and_muchkunda.htm|access-date=2021-12-10|website=www.kidsgen.com}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:30, 16 November 2022

Kalayavana
Kalayavana and Srikrishna
Kalayavana and Krishna
Information
DynastyYavana
FatherGargya
MotherRamba

Kalayavana (Sanskrit: कालयवन, lit. death amongst descendants of Turvasu) is a king in Hindu tradition. He is stated to have invaded Mathura with an army of 30 million yavanas (barbarians) against Krishna.[1][2]

Legend

Kalayavana Surrounds Mathura Page from a Dispersed Bhagavata Purana Series - Brooklyn Museum

Brahmanda Purana 14.46ff narrates the following story of Kalayavana's birth: a woman named Vrka-devi decided to test the virility of Gargya (IAST: Gārgya, "descendent of Garga"). Gargya was unable to ejaculate, for which the Yadavas insulted him. After a 12-year penance, Gargya got a boon from Mahadeva that he would get a son who would destroy the Yadavas. During his penance, ate iron fillings that made his complexion iron-black (kāla). Subsequently, Gargya came to Mathura, and had sex with a cowherd's daughter (gopi), who was actually a nymph in disguise. Kala-yavana was the reuslt of this union: Garga crowned him king and left for forest.[3]

According to the Vishnu Purana and Harivamsa, Kalayavana was a Yavana king. He was the partial incarnation of Krodha.[4][5]

Jarasandha, Kansa's father-in-law, and the ruler of Magadha attacks Mathura seventeen times, but is beaten by Krishna every time. Jarasandha unable to defeat Krishna on his own made an alliance with Kalayavana. Kalayavana is a powerful yavana warrior who had gotten a boon from Shiva that on the battlefield, he would be undefeatable.[6]

Krishna, in order to defend his people, built a new strong and glorious city, named Dvaraka, to which he transported the inhabitants of Mathura.[7] Kalayavana attacked Mathurā with an army of 30 million Yavanas. Krishna, realising that the Yavanas have greatly outnumbered all the Yādavas, decided to challenge Kalayavana for a duel. Krishna strategically fled the battlefield. Krishna lured Kalayavana into the cave where the great king of Treta Yuga, Muchukunda, one of the forefathers of Rāma, was in a deep slumber of thousands of years after helping devas in an epic war with asuras.[8]

Contemplating an absolutely undisturbed sleep he was given a boon by Indra that anyone who dared to disturb his sleep would get burnt to ashes immediately.[6] In the Dvapara Yuga, in the darkness deep inside the cave, Krishna covered Muchukunda with his shawl. Kalayavana, assuming him to be Krishna kicked him, thus disturbing his sleep and burning into ashes. Muchukunda was delighted to see Krishna there. Krishna advises him to perform tapasya to cleanse the accumulated sins to attain moksha. After meeting with the lord, Muchukunda sets out of the cave. Muchukunda then goes north to Gandamadana Mountain, and from there to Badrikashrama for doing penance and finally achieves liberation, the moksha.[9][10]

In popular culture

The hills and the cave where Muchukunda rested is held by locals to be located at Ranchodji teerth, district Lalitpur, in the state of Uttar Pradesh.[11]

References

  1. ^ Nivedita, Sister (2001). Myths and legends of the Hindus and Buddhists. Ananda K. Coomaraswamy (1st Indian ed.). Kolkata [India]: Advaita Ashrama, Publication Dept. ISBN 81-7505-197-3. OCLC 53466600.
  2. ^ Dowson, John (2000). A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-24521-0.
  3. ^ Thaneswar Sarmah (1991). The Bharadvājas in Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 128–129. ISBN 9788120806399.
  4. ^ Dutt, Manmatha Nath, ed. (1897). A Prose English Translation Of Harivamsha.
  5. ^ www.wisdomlib.org (30 August 2014). "Burning of Yavana king, Kalayavana and praise of Mucukunda to Kansa [Chapter XXIII]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  6. ^ a b "HARIVAMSHAM (GEETA PRESS)". mahabharata-resources.org.
  7. ^ "THE KRISHNA AVATĀRA". sacred-texts.com.
  8. ^ "A Hindu King who Slept for Almost 4 Million Years!". HariBhakt | History, Facts, Awareness of Hinduism. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  9. ^ "Muchukunda". www.mythfolklore.net. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  10. ^ "Mytholgical Story : Krishna and Muchkunda". www.kidsgen.com. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  11. ^ "Muchkund Cave | District Lalitpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 10 December 2021.


Stub icon

This Hindu mythology–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalayavana&oldid=1122286930"