Fort de Châtillon: Difference between revisions
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The site was first fortified during the [[Franco-Prussian War]] in 1870, when the the redoubt of Châtillon was built by the inhabitants of the town. The works allowed the French to slow the Prussian advance on the capital and was the scene of violent combat. After the war the site was selected for further fortification as part of the [[Séré de Rivières system]] ring of fortifications around Paris. Construction on the new fort started in 1874, not far from the old redoubt. |
The site was first fortified during the [[Franco-Prussian War]] in 1870, when the the redoubt of Châtillon was built by the inhabitants of the town. The works allowed the French to slow the Prussian advance on the capital and was the scene of violent combat. After the war the site was selected for further fortification as part of the [[Séré de Rivières system]] ring of fortifications around Paris. Construction on the new fort started in 1874, not far from the old redoubt. |
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The fort saw no particular action during the Second World War. After the [[French Liberation]] accused collaborators [[Joseph Darnand]] and [[Jean Hérold-Paquis]] were executed by firing squad at the fort. |
The fort saw no particular action during the Second World War. After the [[French Liberation]], accused collaborators [[Joseph Darnand]] and [[Jean Hérold-Paquis]] were executed by firing squad at the fort. |
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After the war the fort changed vocation to serve the [[Commissariat à l'énergie atomique]], the French atomic energy agency (CEA), and was the site of [[Zoé (reactor)|Zoé]], the first French nuclear reactor. The Châtillon site was quickly superseded by a new atomic research facility at Saclay, which opened in 1952. |
After the war the fort changed vocation to serve the [[Commissariat à l'énergie atomique]], the French atomic energy agency (CEA), and was the site of [[Zoé (reactor)|Zoé]], the first French nuclear reactor. The Châtillon site was quickly superseded by a new atomic research facility at Saclay, which opened in 1952. |
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== Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (CEN-FAR)== |
== Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (CEN-FAR)== |
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In 1957 the Fort de Châtillon |
In 1957 the Fort de Châtillon changed its name to the ''Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses''. Only the entry and some buildings of the old fort were saved. The rest was demolished between 1957 and 1970. From 1974 the site housed a [[tokomak]] fusion reactor prototype, the TRF. It became difficult to maintain such activities in the densely populated area, and Zoé was shut down in 1977. The site became more oriented to other areas of nuclear research, particularly in the areas of radiation protection and nuclear waste management. The site also accommodates administrative services of the CEA. A 1996 fire in the administration building precipitated a change in use. A portion of the building that housed Zoé became the Museum of the Atom, while the remainder was dedicated to research into the life sciences. |
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Several buildings on the site remain dedicated to the ''Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire'' (Nuclear Safety Authority) (ASN) and the ''Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire'' (Institute for Protection and Safety against Nuclear Radiation) (IRSN). The site is no longer spoken of as the "Fort" or "Annex", but as CEN-FAR or IRSN Fontenay-aux-Roses. |
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En 1957, le fort de Châtillon change de nom pour devenir le Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses. Seul le portail et quelques bâtiments de l'ancien fort sont conservés, le reste sera rasé et reconstruit de 1957 à 1970. |
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En 1974, le TRF ([[tokamak]] de Fontenay-aux-Roses), prototype de réacteur nucléaire, est mis en service. |
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Mais il semble toutefois difficile de maintenir de telles activités en pleine agglomération. La pile Zoé est arrêtée en 1977. |
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Le CEA de Fontenay-aux-Roses s'oriente peu à peu vers d'autres activités que la recherche nucléaire, notamment dans le domaine de la |
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gestion des déchets nucléaires et de la radioprotection. Le site accueille également des services administratifs du CEA. |
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Mais, en 1996, il change à nouveau de destination : un incendie ravage un bâtiment administratif. Le centre prend alors sa vocation actuelle : une vocation patrimoniale (avec le Musée de l'Atome, dans le bâtiment abritant la pile Zoé), mais aussi de recherche sur les sciences du vivant. |
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Un bâtiment du CEA de Fontenay-aux-Roses est également dévolu à l'[[Autorité de sûreté nucléaire|Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire]] (ASN). |
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Enfin, certains bâtiments sont détachés depuis 2007 du CEA et sont désormais utilisés par l'[[Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire|Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire]] (IRSN). Le directeur du CEN-FAR note qu'on ne parle désormais plus du « Fort » et de l'« Annexe » (où se trouve l'IRSN), mais désormais du CEN-FAR et de l'IRSN-Fontenay-aux-Roses. |
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De fort militaire, le fort de Châtillon est finalement devenu un centre de recherches civil, berceau de l'[[énergie nucléaire]] française. |
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== Other Forts de Châtillon == |
== Other Forts de Châtillon == |
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Other Forts de Châtillon include one at [[Châtillon-le-Duc]] near [[Besançon]], as well as a Fort de Châtillon at [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]] built in the 16th century. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 12:04, 29 April 2010
| Fort de Châtillon | |
|---|---|
| Part of Fortifications of Paris, Séré de Rivières system | |
| Fontenay-aux-Roses, France | |
| Type | Fort |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses |
| Controlled by | France |
| Condition | Destroyed |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1870 |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Paris |
| Garrison information | |
| Occupants | CEN-FAR |
The Fort de Châtillon was a fortification located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Paris in the communes of Châtillon-sous-Bagneux and Fontenay-aux-Roses. It was built in 1874 and was razed in 1957.
The fort is named for the town it was designed to protect, Châtillon-sous-Bagneux, but the greater portion of the site is actually within Fontenay-aux-Roses. The main entry and the portions in Châtillon were destroyed at the end of the Second World War.
History
The site was first fortified during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, when the the redoubt of Châtillon was built by the inhabitants of the town. The works allowed the French to slow the Prussian advance on the capital and was the scene of violent combat. After the war the site was selected for further fortification as part of the Séré de Rivières system ring of fortifications around Paris. Construction on the new fort started in 1874, not far from the old redoubt.
The fort saw no particular action during the Second World War. After the French Liberation, accused collaborators Joseph Darnand and Jean Hérold-Paquis were executed by firing squad at the fort.
After the war the fort changed vocation to serve the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, the French atomic energy agency (CEA), and was the site of Zoé, the first French nuclear reactor. The Châtillon site was quickly superseded by a new atomic research facility at Saclay, which opened in 1952.
Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (CEN-FAR)
In 1957 the Fort de Châtillon changed its name to the Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses. Only the entry and some buildings of the old fort were saved. The rest was demolished between 1957 and 1970. From 1974 the site housed a tokomak fusion reactor prototype, the TRF. It became difficult to maintain such activities in the densely populated area, and Zoé was shut down in 1977. The site became more oriented to other areas of nuclear research, particularly in the areas of radiation protection and nuclear waste management. The site also accommodates administrative services of the CEA. A 1996 fire in the administration building precipitated a change in use. A portion of the building that housed Zoé became the Museum of the Atom, while the remainder was dedicated to research into the life sciences.
Several buildings on the site remain dedicated to the Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (Nuclear Safety Authority) (ASN) and the Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (Institute for Protection and Safety against Nuclear Radiation) (IRSN). The site is no longer spoken of as the "Fort" or "Annex", but as CEN-FAR or IRSN Fontenay-aux-Roses.
Other Forts de Châtillon
Other Forts de Châtillon include one at Châtillon-le-Duc near Besançon, as well as a Fort de Châtillon at Boulogne-sur-Mer built in the 16th century.