Chinese cruiser Jingyuan (1887): Difference between revisions
m moved Chinese cruiser King Yuen to Chinese cruiser Jingyuen: WP:MOS-China, pinyin usage consistent with other Beiyang ship articles |
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{{Infobox Ship Career |
{{Infobox Ship Career |
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|Ship country=China |
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|Ship flag=[[Image:China Qing Dynasty Flag 1889.svg| |
|Ship flag=[[Image:China Qing Dynasty Flag 1889.svg|60px|Qing Dynasty Flag 1889.svg]] |
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|Ship name='' |
|Ship name=''Jingyuen'' |
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|Ship builder=[[AG Vulcan Stettin|Stettiner AG Vulcan]], |
|Ship builder=[[AG Vulcan Stettin|Stettiner AG Vulcan]], |
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|Ship original cost=865,000 silver [[tael]] |
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|Ship completed=1 January 1888 |
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|Ship fate= Sunk in combat; 17 September 1894 |
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{{Infobox Ship Characteristics |
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics |
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|Ship |
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|Ship type=[[Armored cruiser]] |
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|Ship displacement={{convert| |
|Ship displacement={{convert|2900|t|LT|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship length={{convert|82.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |
|Ship length={{convert|82.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship beam={{convert|11.99|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship capacity=320 tons of [[coal]] |
|Ship capacity=320 tons of [[coal]] |
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|Ship complement=270 |
|Ship complement=270 officers and men |
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|Ship armament=2 × {{convert|210|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns, 2 × {{convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns |
|Ship armament=2 × {{convert|210|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns, 2 × {{convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns, 4 × {{convert|457|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s, 8 × [[machine gun]]s |
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|Ship armour=*'''[[Belt armor|Belt]]:''' {{convert| |
|Ship armour=*'''[[Belt armor|Belt]]:''' {{convert|24|cm|in|abbr=on}} |
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*'''[[Gun turret|Turret]]:''' {{convert| |
*'''[[Gun turret|Turret]]:''' {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} |
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'''''Jingyuan''''' ({{zh|c=經遠|p=Jingyuan|w=Ching-Yuen or King-Yuen}}) was a [[armored cruiser]] in the late [[Qing Dynasty]] [[Beiyang Fleet]]. Its [[sister ship]] was the {{ship|Chinese cruiser|Laiyuan||2}}. |
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==Background== |
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The '''''King Yuen''''' (Chinese:經遠) was an [[armoured cruiser]] that was built by the [[Stettiner Vulcan AG]] shipyards in [[Stettin]], [[Germany]] for the [[Beiyang Fleet]]. |
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As part of his drive to create a modern navy following the [[Sino-French War]], Viceroy [[Li Hongzhang]] turned to [[AG Vulcan Stettin|Vulcan shipyards]] in [[Stettin]], [[Empire of Germany|Germany]]. ''Jingyuan'' and ''Laiyuan'' were called “[[gunboat]]s” by their designers, but were referred to as “cruisers” by the Chinese. In terms of [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] were similar in class to the Japanese [[Matsushima class cruiser|''Matsushima'' class]]. However, in terms of weaponry, they mounted large calibre guns in the manner of a coastal defense [[Monitor (warship)|monitor]], and lacked the speed or a higher muzzle velocity [[main battery]] typical of ships designed per the tenets of the then-popular [[Jeune Ecole]] theory promoted by French naval architect [[Emile Bertin]]. |
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==Design== |
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''King Yuen'' displaced {{convert|2850|LT|t|abbr=on}} and had a speed of {{convert|16|kn|km/h mph|lk=in|abbr=on}}. Her armament consisted of two {{convert|210|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns, two {{convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns, and four {{convert|457|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s. To this was added eight [[machine gun]]s. |
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''Jingyuan'' had a steel housing, divided into 66 waterproof compartments filled with [[cork]], a single smokestack, and single mast. Her [[belt armor]] had a thickness of 5.5 to 9.5 inches, but did not extend above the waterline or to the extremities of the hull, and was 8 inches at the [[conning tower]] and [[barbette]]s. Her deck armor had a thickness of 2.5 inches to 3 inches at the extremities. The [[prow]] was reinforced for [[Naval ram|ramming]]. The power plant was a double expansion reciprocating [[steam engine]] with four cylindrical boilers, driving two screws. |
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The ship’s main armament was two [[breech-loading weapon |breech-loading]] 8-inch (209 mm) [[Krupp]] cannon, paired in the forward barbette. Provision was made for only 50 rounds of ammunition per gun. The secondary armament consisted of two 6-inch (149 mm) Krupp guns mounted on [[sponson]]s on either side of the deck. The ship also had two 47-mm long guns and five 37 mm [[Hotchkiss gun]]s, as well as two [[torpedo tube]]s. |
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''King Yuen'' took part in the [[Battle of the Yalu River (1894)|Battle of the Yalu River]] against the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] on 17 September 1894, where she was sunk. |
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''Jingyuan'' and ''Laiyuan'' were second in displacement after the Beiyang Fleet battleships {{ship|Chinese turret ship|Dingyuan||2}} and {{ship|Chinese turret ship|Zhenyuan||2}}, but were deficient in speed and in firepower, where compared with temporary vessels, such as the British-built [[Elswick cruiser]]s. Although its armor belt gave ''Jingyuan'' an advantage over non-protected vessels, its two-inch lacquered [[teak]] deck made it flammable in the event of a battle. |
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==Service record== |
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''Jingyuan'' was laid down on 1 January 1885, launched on 25 March 1887, completed on 1 January 1888. |
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*[http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Agora/8088/YaluB.html/ Battle of the Yalu River]{{dead link|date=October 2010|bot=AnomieBOT}} |
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On arrival in China in 1880, ''Jingyuan'' and ''Laiyuan'' were both assigned to the Beiyang Fleet. In the summer of 1889, both vessels were part of the flotilla let by Admiral [[Ding Ruchang]], calling on the Russian naval base of [[Vladivostok]]. In early 1894, both vessels accompanied {{ship|Chinese turret ship|Dingyuan||2}} and {{ship|Chinese turret ship|Zhenyuan||2}} on a visit to [[Singapore]], but the flotilla was recalled to [[Weihaiwei]] on the eve of the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] with the [[Empire of Japan]]. |
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''Jingyuan'' and ''Laiyuan'' were both in the [[Battle of the Yalu River (1894)|Battle of the Yalu River]] on 17 September 1894. Early in the battle, the captain of ''Laiyuan'' moved aggressively against the Japanese squadron, pursuing and severely damaging the slower moving Japanese [[gunboat]] {{ship|Japanese gunboat|Akagi||2}}, but receiving considerable damage in return, which set her on fire and removed her from the combat. With ''Laiyuan'' apparently doomed, the Japanese flying squadron led by Admiral [[Tsuboi Kozo]] ({{ship|Japanese cruiser|Yoshino||2}}, {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Takachiho||2}}, {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Akitsushima||2}}, and {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Naniwa||2}}), concentrated fire on ''Jingyuan'' for over an hour. Briefly, ''Jingyuan'' appeared to be closing on ''Yoshino'' in an apparent attempt to ram, but at 1648 hours, lurched to the starboard and burst into flames. Soon after, with a large explosion, ''Jingyuan'' rolled over and sank. Of the 270 crewmen, only seven escaped. |
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[[Category:Cruisers of the Imperial Beiyang Navy]] |
[[Category:Cruisers of the Imperial Beiyang Navy]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Victorian era naval ships of China]] |
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[[Category:Ships built in Stettin]] |
[[Category:Ships built in Stettin]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1887 ships]] |
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[[Category:First Sino-Japanese War cruisers of China]] |
[[Category:First Sino-Japanese War cruisers of China]] |
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[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Yellow Sea]] |
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Yellow Sea]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1894]] |
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1894]] |
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[[Category:Victorian era naval ships of China]] |
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[[de:Jingyuan (1887)]] |
[[de:Jingyuan (1887)]] |
Revision as of 15:57, 7 January 2012
King Yuen
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History | |
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China | |
Name | Jingyuen |
Builder | Stettiner AG Vulcan, |
Cost | 865,000 silver tael |
Laid down | 1 January 1885 |
Launched | 3 January 1887 |
Completed | 1 January 1888 |
Fate | Sunk in combat; 17 September 1894 |
General characteristics | |
Type | Armored cruiser |
Displacement | 2,900 t (2,900 long tons) |
Length | 82.4 m (270 ft 4 in) |
Beam | 11.99 m (39 ft 4 in) |
Draft | 5.11 m (16 ft 9 in) |
Speed | 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
Capacity | 320 tons of coal |
Complement | 270 officers and men |
Armament | 2 × 210 mm (8.3 in) guns, 2 × 150 mm (5.9 in) guns, 4 × 457 mm (18.0 in) torpedo tubes, 8 × machine guns |
Armour |
Jingyuan (Chinese: 經遠; pinyin: Jingyuan; Wade–Giles: Ching-Yuen or King-Yuen) was a armored cruiser in the late Qing Dynasty Beiyang Fleet. Its sister ship was the Laiyuan.
Background
As part of his drive to create a modern navy following the Sino-French War, Viceroy Li Hongzhang turned to Vulcan shipyards in Stettin, Germany. Jingyuan and Laiyuan were called “gunboats” by their designers, but were referred to as “cruisers” by the Chinese. In terms of displacement were similar in class to the Japanese Matsushima class. However, in terms of weaponry, they mounted large calibre guns in the manner of a coastal defense monitor, and lacked the speed or a higher muzzle velocity main battery typical of ships designed per the tenets of the then-popular Jeune Ecole theory promoted by French naval architect Emile Bertin.
Design
Jingyuan had a steel housing, divided into 66 waterproof compartments filled with cork, a single smokestack, and single mast. Her belt armor had a thickness of 5.5 to 9.5 inches, but did not extend above the waterline or to the extremities of the hull, and was 8 inches at the conning tower and barbettes. Her deck armor had a thickness of 2.5 inches to 3 inches at the extremities. The prow was reinforced for ramming. The power plant was a double expansion reciprocating steam engine with four cylindrical boilers, driving two screws.
The ship’s main armament was two breech-loading 8-inch (209 mm) Krupp cannon, paired in the forward barbette. Provision was made for only 50 rounds of ammunition per gun. The secondary armament consisted of two 6-inch (149 mm) Krupp guns mounted on sponsons on either side of the deck. The ship also had two 47-mm long guns and five 37 mm Hotchkiss guns, as well as two torpedo tubes.
Jingyuan and Laiyuan were second in displacement after the Beiyang Fleet battleships Dingyuan and Zhenyuan, but were deficient in speed and in firepower, where compared with temporary vessels, such as the British-built Elswick cruisers. Although its armor belt gave Jingyuan an advantage over non-protected vessels, its two-inch lacquered teak deck made it flammable in the event of a battle.
Service record
Jingyuan was laid down on 1 January 1885, launched on 25 March 1887, completed on 1 January 1888. On arrival in China in 1880, Jingyuan and Laiyuan were both assigned to the Beiyang Fleet. In the summer of 1889, both vessels were part of the flotilla let by Admiral Ding Ruchang, calling on the Russian naval base of Vladivostok. In early 1894, both vessels accompanied Dingyuan and Zhenyuan on a visit to Singapore, but the flotilla was recalled to Weihaiwei on the eve of the First Sino-Japanese War with the Empire of Japan.
Jingyuan and Laiyuan were both in the Battle of the Yalu River on 17 September 1894. Early in the battle, the captain of Laiyuan moved aggressively against the Japanese squadron, pursuing and severely damaging the slower moving Japanese gunboat Akagi, but receiving considerable damage in return, which set her on fire and removed her from the combat. With Laiyuan apparently doomed, the Japanese flying squadron led by Admiral Tsuboi Kozo (Yoshino, Takachiho, Akitsushima, and Naniwa), concentrated fire on Jingyuan for over an hour. Briefly, Jingyuan appeared to be closing on Yoshino in an apparent attempt to ram, but at 1648 hours, lurched to the starboard and burst into flames. Soon after, with a large explosion, Jingyuan rolled over and sank. Of the 270 crewmen, only seven escaped.
References
- Chesneau, Roger and Eugene M. Kolesnik (editors), All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, Conway Maritime Press, 1979 reprinted 2002, ISBN 0-85177-133-5
- Wright, Richard N. J. (2000). The Chinese Steam Navy 1862-1945. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-144-9.