Lenok: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
more info, incl. taxonomy (this should also resolve the previous confusion in this article about "sharp-snouted" and "blunt-nosed" lenoks)
Line 17: Line 17:
}}
}}


'''Lenoks''' (otherwise known as '''Asiatic trout''' or '''Manchurian trout''')<ref name="jamescard">http://jamescard.net/flyfishing/</ref> are a [[genus]], '''''Brachymystax''''', of [[Salmonidae|salmonid]] [[fish]]es native to [[Mongolia]], [[Siberia]], the far East of [[Russia]], Northern [[China]], the [[Sea of Japan]]<ref>http://ibss.febras.ru/files/00001742.pdf</ref> and South [[Korea]].<ref name="jamescard"/><ref name="Alekseev">{{cite doi|10.1134/S0032945206070022}}</ref><ref name="cherrytrout">http://www.cherrytrout.com/fish.html</ref>
'''Lenoks''' (otherwise known as '''Asiatic trout''' or '''Manchurian trout''')<ref name="jamescard">http://jamescard.net/flyfishing/</ref> are a [[genus]], '''''Brachymystax''''', of [[Salmonidae|salmonid]] [[fish]]es native to [[Mongolia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Siberia]], the far East of [[Russia]], Northern [[China]], the [[Sea of Japan]]<ref>http://ibss.febras.ru/files/00001742.pdf</ref> and [[Korea]].<ref name="jamescard"/><ref name="Alekseev">{{cite doi|10.1134/S0032945206070022}}</ref><ref name="cherrytrout">http://www.cherrytrout.com/fish.html</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
There are three species in this genus recognised by [[FishBase]] as of February 2012:<ref>{{FishBase genus | genus = Brachymystax| month = February | year = 2012}}</ref>
There are three species in this genus recognised by [[FishBase]]:<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase genus | genus = Brachymystax| month = July | year = 2014}}</ref>
* ''[[Brachymystax lenok]]'' <small>([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1773)</small>
* ''[[Brachymystax lenok]]'' <small>([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1773)</small> – sharp-snouted lenok<ref name=Kartavtseva2013>Kartavtseva, I.V.; Ginatulina, L.K.; Nemkova, G.A.; and Shedko, S.V. (2013). ''Chromosomal study of the lenoks, Brachymystax (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) from the South of the Russian Far East.'' Journal of Species Research 2(1): 91-98.</ref>
** ''[[Brachymystax lenok lenok]]'' <small>([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1773)</small>
** ''[[Brachymystax lenok tsilingensis]]'' <small>([[Li]], 1996)</small>
* ''[[Brachymystax savinovi]]'' <small>[[Valery Petrovich Mitrofanov|Mitrofanov]], 1959</small>
* ''[[Brachymystax savinovi]]'' <small>[[Valery Petrovich Mitrofanov|Mitrofanov]], 1959</small>
* ''[[Brachymystax tumensis]]'' <small>[[Tamezo Mori|T. Mori]], 1930</small>
* ''[[Brachymystax tumensis]]'' <small>[[Tamezo Mori|T. Mori]], 1930</small> – blunt-nosed lenok<ref name=Kartavtseva2013/>

Traditionally, only ''B. lenok'' was recognized, including both sharp-nosed and blunt-nosed forms. Based on differences in [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] and [[genetics]], the blunt-nosed form was split off as a separate species, ''B. tumensis''.<ref name=Kartavtseva2013/><ref name=Bo2007>Bo, M. A.; and Jiang, Zuo-fa (2007). ''Genetic diversity and relationship between two species of Brachymystax in Wusuli River revealed by microsatellites.'' Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 14: 39-45.</ref><ref>Balakirev, E.S.; Romanov, N.S.; and Ayala, F.J. (2014). ''Complete mitochondrial genome of blunt-snouted lenok Brachymystax tumensis (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae).'' Mitochondrial DNA 27: 1-2</ref><ref name=Froufe2008>Froufe, E.; Alekseyev, S.; Alexandrino, P.; and Weiss, S. (2008). ''[http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/663/art%253A10.1186%252F1471-2148-8-40.pdf?auth66=1405971788_be8656ad47c7fdf3b9f87570d7956126&ext=.pdf The evolutionary history of sharp- and blunt-snouted lenok (Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773)) and its implications for the paleo-hydrological history of Siberia.]'' BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 40.</ref> [[Hybrid (biology)|Hybrids]] between these two are known.<ref name=Froufe2008/> The validity of the third species, ''B. savinovi'', is questionable,<ref>[[Maurice Kottelat|Kottelat, M.]] (2006). ''Fishes of Mongolia. A check-list of the fishes known to occur in Mongolia with comments on systematics and nomenclature.'' The World Bank. Washington, DC. i-xi + 1-103.</ref> and it is often considered a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''B. lenok''.<ref name=Kartavtseva2013/><ref>Eschmeyer, W. N., editor (2014). ''[http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp Catalog of Fishes.]. Retrieved 19 July 2014.</ref>


==Appearance==
==Appearance==
Lenoks can belong to the sharp-nosed or blunt-nosed form. Populations of blunt-nosed lenoks are generally found in different areas than populations of sharp-nosed lenoks.<ref name="Alekseev"/>{{clarification needed|date=October 2011}}<!-- species? these are given in the abstract as forms of a genus, which is very unclear --> ''Brachymystax savinovi'' typically grow to about {{convert|20|in}}.<ref>http://thewebsiteofeverything.com/animals/fish/Salmoniformes/Salmonidae/Brachymystax-savinovi</ref>{{unreliable source|date=October 2011}} They are relatively round in shape, and speckled with dark brown spots.<ref name="jamescard"/><ref name="ibex">http://www.ibextours.com/Eng/exclusive_salmon.htm</ref> They usually weigh up to {{convert|15|kg}}.<ref name="ibex"/> Their [[ventral]]s are usually colored a reddish hue, and their pectoral fins yellowish.<ref>{{cite book|title=General zoology, or Systematic natural history, Volume 5, Part 1|first=George|last=Shaw|first2=James Francis|last2=Stephens}}</ref>
Lenoks can be sharp-nosed (''B. lenok'') or blunt-nosed (''B. tumensis''). Traditionally both these were included in ''B. lenok'', but today they are generally recognized as separate. Although the two generally are found in separate areas, there are also regions where their ranges overlap.<ref name="Alekseev"/><ref name=Bo2007/><ref name=Kartavtseva2013/><ref name=Froufe2008/> They are relatively round in shape, and speckled with dark brown spots.<ref name="jamescard"/><ref name="ibex">http://www.ibextours.com/Eng/exclusive_salmon.htm{{dead link|date=July 2014}}</ref> Their [[ventral]]s are usually colored a reddish hue, and their pectoral fins yellowish.<ref>{{cite book|title=General zoology, or Systematic natural history, Volume 5, Part 1|first=George|last=Shaw|first2=James Francis|last2=Stephens}}</ref> They weigh up to {{convert|15|kg}},<ref name="ibex"/> and can reach a length of {{convert|70|cm|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=fishbase/>


⚫
==Habitat and status==
Lenoks in Korea are now on the verge of extinction due to deforestation.<ref name="cherrytrout"/>

⚫
==Habitat==
Lenoks tend to live in rivers of any sort,<ref>http://www.gofishn.com/content/russia</ref> but usually upstream, where the water is colder.<ref name="cherrytrout"/>
Lenoks tend to live in rivers of any sort,<ref>http://www.gofishn.com/content/russia</ref> but usually upstream, where the water is colder.<ref name="cherrytrout"/>

Though overall widespread, lenoks in [[South Korea]] are now on the verge of extinction due to deforestation and they have also declined in China.<ref name="cherrytrout"/><ref>Yingzhe, X.; Yan, S.; and Yiyu, C. (2006). ''DNA sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region of lenok (Brachymystax lenok) populations in China.'' Chinese Biodiversity 14(1): 48-54.</ref>


==History==
==History==
During the glacial epoch, lenoks were landlocked inland of the Korean peninsula.<ref name="cherrytrout"/>
In the Korean peninsular, lenoks were landlocked inland during the [[glacial epoch]].<ref name="cherrytrout"/>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:27, 19 July 2014

Lenoks
Temporal range: Miocene–Recent
Brachymystax lenok
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Salmoniformes
Family:
Salmonidae
Subfamily:
Salmoninae
Genus:
Brachymystax

Lenoks (otherwise known as Asiatic trout or Manchurian trout)[2] are a genus, Brachymystax, of salmonid fishes native to Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, the far East of Russia, Northern China, the Sea of Japan[3] and Korea.[2][4][5]

Species

There are three species in this genus recognised by FishBase:[6]

Traditionally, only B. lenok was recognized, including both sharp-nosed and blunt-nosed forms. Based on differences in morphology and genetics, the blunt-nosed form was split off as a separate species, B. tumensis.[7][8][9][10] Hybrids between these two are known.[10] The validity of the third species, B. savinovi, is questionable,[11] and it is often considered a synonym of B. lenok.[7][12]

Appearance

Lenoks can be sharp-nosed (B. lenok) or blunt-nosed (B. tumensis). Traditionally both these were included in B. lenok, but today they are generally recognized as separate. Although the two generally are found in separate areas, there are also regions where their ranges overlap.[4][8][7][10] They are relatively round in shape, and speckled with dark brown spots.[2][13] Their ventrals are usually colored a reddish hue, and their pectoral fins yellowish.[14] They weigh up to 15 kilograms (33 lb),[13] and can reach a length of 70 cm (2.3 ft).[6]

Habitat and status

Lenoks tend to live in rivers of any sort,[15] but usually upstream, where the water is colder.[5]

Though overall widespread, lenoks in South Korea are now on the verge of extinction due to deforestation and they have also declined in China.[5][16]

History

In the Korean peninsular, lenoks were landlocked inland during the glacial epoch.[5]

References

  1. ^ "Brachymystax". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. ^ a b c http://jamescard.net/flyfishing/
  3. ^ http://ibss.febras.ru/files/00001742.pdf
  4. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1134/S0032945206070022, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1134/S0032945206070022 instead.
  5. ^ a b c d http://www.cherrytrout.com/fish.html
  6. ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). Species of Brachymystax in FishBase. July 2014 version.
  7. ^ a b c d e Kartavtseva, I.V.; Ginatulina, L.K.; Nemkova, G.A.; and Shedko, S.V. (2013). Chromosomal study of the lenoks, Brachymystax (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) from the South of the Russian Far East. Journal of Species Research 2(1): 91-98.
  8. ^ a b Bo, M. A.; and Jiang, Zuo-fa (2007). Genetic diversity and relationship between two species of Brachymystax in Wusuli River revealed by microsatellites. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 14: 39-45.
  9. ^ Balakirev, E.S.; Romanov, N.S.; and Ayala, F.J. (2014). Complete mitochondrial genome of blunt-snouted lenok Brachymystax tumensis (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae). Mitochondrial DNA 27: 1-2
  10. ^ a b c Froufe, E.; Alekseyev, S.; Alexandrino, P.; and Weiss, S. (2008). The evolutionary history of sharp- and blunt-snouted lenok (Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773)) and its implications for the paleo-hydrological history of Siberia. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 40.
  11. ^ Kottelat, M. (2006). Fishes of Mongolia. A check-list of the fishes known to occur in Mongolia with comments on systematics and nomenclature. The World Bank. Washington, DC. i-xi + 1-103.
  12. ^ Eschmeyer, W. N., editor (2014). Catalog of Fishes.. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  13. ^ a b http://www.ibextours.com/Eng/exclusive_salmon.htm[dead link]
  14. ^ Shaw, George; Stephens, James Francis. General zoology, or Systematic natural history, Volume 5, Part 1.
  15. ^ http://www.gofishn.com/content/russia
  16. ^ Yingzhe, X.; Yan, S.; and Yiyu, C. (2006). DNA sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region of lenok (Brachymystax lenok) populations in China. Chinese Biodiversity 14(1): 48-54.


Stub icon

This Salmonidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lenok&oldid=617621639"