Bright Angel Shale: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
reduce image sizes, relative |
→top: tweaks |
||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
The [[Cambrian]] '''Bright Angel Shale''' is the middle member of the 3-member [[Tonto Group]]. It is about {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} thick at its maximum.<ref name="Chronic1983a">{{cite book |last=Chronic |first=Halka |date=1983 |title=Roadside Geology of Arizona |url=https://archive.org/details/roadsidegeology000chro |location=Seattle, Washington |publisher=The Mountaineers Books |page= |isbn=978-0-87842-147-3 |author-link=Halka Chronic |url-access=registration }}</ref> It is a nonresistant [[slope-former|slope-forming]] unit. The Bright Angel Shale consists of green and purple-red, siltstone and shale which is interbedded with red-brown to brown sandstone that is similar in lithology to the underlying Tapeats.<ref name="BrightAngel">{{cite web |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/BrightAngel_4814.html |title= Bright Angel Lexicon entry |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=National Geologic Map Database Lexicon |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=2 June 2019 |quote=}}</ref> The Bright Angel Shale underlies and interfingers with Muav Limestone. The Bright Angel Shale is located in the lower elevations of the [[Grand Canyon]], [[Arizona]].<ref name="Hampton1998a">{{cite book |last1=Hampton|first1=HM|chapter=Geologic Map of the Grand Canyon in the Vicinity of the South Rim Visitor Center|editor1-last=Kamilli |editor1-first=Robert J.|editor2-last=Richard |editor2-first=Stephen M. |date=1998 |title=Geologic Highway Map of Arizona |language=English |location= |publisher=Arizona Geological Society and Arizona Geological Survey |isbn=978-1-8919-2400-2}}, 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500.</ref> The Bright Angel Shale preserves [[fossils]] dating back to the |
The [[Cambrian]] '''Bright Angel Shale''' is the middle member of the 3-member [[Tonto Group]]. It is about {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} thick at its maximum.<ref name="Chronic1983a">{{cite book |last=Chronic |first=Halka |date=1983 |title=Roadside Geology of Arizona |url=https://archive.org/details/roadsidegeology000chro |location=Seattle, Washington |publisher=The Mountaineers Books |page= |isbn=978-0-87842-147-3 |author-link=Halka Chronic |url-access=registration }}</ref> It is a nonresistant [[slope-former|slope-forming]] unit. The Bright Angel Shale consists of green and purple-red, siltstone and shale which is interbedded with red-brown to brown sandstone that is similar in lithology to the underlying Tapeats.<ref name="BrightAngel">{{cite web |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/BrightAngel_4814.html |title= Bright Angel Lexicon entry |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=National Geologic Map Database Lexicon |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=2 June 2019 |quote=}}</ref> The Bright Angel Shale underlies and interfingers with Muav Limestone. The Bright Angel Shale is located in the lower elevations of the [[Grand Canyon]], [[Arizona]].<ref name="Hampton1998a">{{cite book |last1=Hampton|first1=HM|chapter=Geologic Map of the Grand Canyon in the Vicinity of the South Rim Visitor Center|editor1-last=Kamilli |editor1-first=Robert J.|editor2-last=Richard |editor2-first=Stephen M. |date=1998 |title=Geologic Highway Map of Arizona |language=English |location= |publisher=Arizona Geological Society and Arizona Geological Survey |isbn=978-1-8919-2400-2}}, 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500.</ref> The Bright Angel Shale preserves [[fossils]] dating back to the Cambrian [[Period (geology)|Period]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database|author= Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database|url= http://www.fossilworks.org/|accessdate= 8 July 2014|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140731140924/http://fossilworks.org/|archivedate= 31 July 2014}}</ref> |
||
[[File:USA 09855 Grand Canyon Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Relative long distance photo of [[Isis Temple]]. <br>The greenish slope-forming Bright Angel Shale is shown above the |
[[File:USA 09855 Grand Canyon Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Relative long distance photo of [[Isis Temple]]. <br>The greenish slope-forming Bright Angel Shale is shown above the dark tan & vertical cliffs of the erosion-resistant [[Shinumo Quartzite]]. <br>(Note the resistant horizontal sub-cliff at the middle of the Bright Angel.) ]] |
||
The most noteworthy defining character of the Bright Angel Shale is its soft light-greenish-color, and its slope-forming character. |
The most noteworthy defining character of the Bright Angel Shale is its soft light-greenish-color, and its slope-forming character. |
||
The |
The three units of the Tonto Group and the colorful Bright Angel Shale are easily identified as a geological sequence beneath the tall cliffs of the Redwall Limestone (the Redwall sits upon a short resistant cliff of Muav Limestone); the Tonto Group is also easily seen beside Granite Gorge of the [[Colorado River]] and the [[Vishnu Basement Rocks]] <br> |
||
The units of the [[Tonto Group]]:<ref name="Chronic1983a"/> |
The units of the [[Tonto Group]]:<ref name="Chronic1983a"/> |
||
* (1)-[[Redwall Limestone]] |
* (1)-[[Redwall Limestone]] |
||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
** 2-Bright Angel Shale |
** 2-Bright Angel Shale |
||
** 1-[[Tapeats Sandstone]]<ref name="Tapeats">{{cite web |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/Tapeats_6226.html |title= Tapeats Lexicon entry |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=National Geologic Map Database Lexicon |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=2 June 2019 |quote=}}</ref> |
** 1-[[Tapeats Sandstone]]<ref name="Tapeats">{{cite web |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/Tapeats_6226.html |title= Tapeats Lexicon entry |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=National Geologic Map Database Lexicon |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=2 June 2019 |quote=}}</ref> |
||
[[File:Pan 8 of 8 - Komo Point - Flickr - brewbooks.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The entire [[Tonto Group]] 3-unit sequence is visible above the Colorado River—(from the [[Komo Point Trail]])--the greenish [[Bright Angel Shale]] above the short resistant cliffs of [[Tapeats Sandstone]]. The resistant unit of [[Muav Limestone]] is visible upon the Bright Angel. <br>(this is actually the side canyon intersecting Granite Gorge)]] |
|||
[[File: |
[[File:Komo Point view - Flickr - brewbooks.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|(from Komo Point) <br>Sloping [[Supai Group]] [[red beds|redbeds]] upon —-[[Redwall Limestone]] cliffs and horizontal platforms on the Muav Limestone — on greenish Bright Angel Shale]] |
||
[[File:Komo Point view - Flickr - brewbooks.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|(from Komo Point) <br>Sloping [[Supai Group]] “[[red beds|redbeds]]” upon —-[[Redwall Limestone]] cliffs & horizontal-platforms —-upon [[Muav Limestone]] —- upon greenish Bright Angel Shale]] |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Revision as of 15:13, 9 April 2020
| Bright Angel Shale | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Middle Cambrian[1][2] | |
 Muav Limestone-(dk or lt gray, brown, or orange-red subcliff at base of Redwall Limestone cliff) and Bright Angel Shale (greenish slope-former), resting on Tapeats Sandstone (short, dp brown vertical cliff) (Tapeats forms the "Tonto Platform"), inner canyon, Granite Gorge. (The 3 units–Muav, Bright Angel, and Tapeats, are easily seen below the red-stained Redwall Limestone (550 ft thick)) | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Tonto Group[3] |
| Underlies | Muav Limestone |
| Overlies | Tapeats Sandstone |
| Thickness | 500 feet (150 m) at its maximum |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | micaceous siltstone and shale |
| Other | sandstone and glauconitic sandstone |
| Location | |
| Region | northern Arizona, southeast California, southern Nevada, and southcentral Utah |
| Country | United States of America |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Bright Angel Canyon, Bright Angel quadrangle, Coconino Co., Arizona[4] |
| Named by | Noble (1914)[4] |
The Cambrian Bright Angel Shale is the middle member of the 3-member Tonto Group. It is about 500 feet (152 m) thick at its maximum.[5] It is a nonresistant slope-forming unit. The Bright Angel Shale consists of green and purple-red, siltstone and shale which is interbedded with red-brown to brown sandstone that is similar in lithology to the underlying Tapeats.[6] The Bright Angel Shale underlies and interfingers with Muav Limestone. The Bright Angel Shale is located in the lower elevations of the Grand Canyon, Arizona.[7] The Bright Angel Shale preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian Period.[8]
The greenish slope-forming Bright Angel Shale is shown above the dark tan & vertical cliffs of the erosion-resistant Shinumo Quartzite.
(Note the resistant horizontal sub-cliff at the middle of the Bright Angel.)
The most noteworthy defining character of the Bright Angel Shale is its soft light-greenish-color, and its slope-forming character.
The three units of the Tonto Group and the colorful Bright Angel Shale are easily identified as a geological sequence beneath the tall cliffs of the Redwall Limestone (the Redwall sits upon a short resistant cliff of Muav Limestone); the Tonto Group is also easily seen beside Granite Gorge of the Colorado River and the Vishnu Basement Rocks
The units of the Tonto Group:[5]
- (1)-Redwall Limestone
- (.5}-Temple Butte Formation, Devonian-(409-363 Ma), channel deposits upon Muav Limestone
- Tonto Group (~544-505 Ma)
- 3-Muav Limestone[9]
- 2-Bright Angel Shale
- 1-Tapeats Sandstone[10]
(this is actually the side canyon intersecting Granite Gorge)
Sloping Supai Group redbeds upon —-Redwall Limestone cliffs and horizontal platforms on the Muav Limestone — on greenish Bright Angel Shale
See also
References
- ^ Rose, E (2006) "Nonmarine aspects of the Cambrian Tonto Group of the Grand Canyon, USA, and broader implications." Palaeoworld. 15:223–241.
- ^ Rose, E (2011) Modification of the nomenclature and a revised deposition model for the Cambrian Tonto Group of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. in JS Hollingsworth, FA Sundberg, and JR Foster, eds., pp 77-98, Cambrian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Northern Arizona and Southern Nevada: Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 67, 321 p.
- ^ "Tonto Lexicon entry". National Geologic Map Database Lexicon. United States Geological Survey. n.d. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ a b L. F. Noble (1914). "The Shinumo quadrangle, Grand Canyon district, Arizona" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 549. doi:10.3133/B549. ISSN 8755-531X. Wikidata Q57659039.
- ^ a b Chronic, Halka (1983). Roadside Geology of Arizona. Seattle, Washington: The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 978-0-87842-147-3.
- ^ "Bright Angel Lexicon entry". National Geologic Map Database Lexicon. United States Geological Survey. n.d. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ Hampton, HM (1998). "Geologic Map of the Grand Canyon in the Vicinity of the South Rim Visitor Center". In Kamilli, Robert J.; Richard, Stephen M. (eds.). Geologic Highway Map of Arizona. Arizona Geological Society and Arizona Geological Survey. ISBN 978-1-8919-2400-2., 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500.
- ^ Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Archived from the original on 31 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ "Muav Lexicon entry". National Geologic Map Database Lexicon. United States Geological Survey. n.d. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "Tapeats Lexicon entry". National Geologic Map Database Lexicon. United States Geological Survey. n.d. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
Further reading
- Blakey, Ron and Wayne Ranney, Ancient Landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, Grand Canyon Association (publisher), 2008, 176 pages, ISBN 978-1934656037
- Brandriss, M. (2004) Angular unconformity between Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks, Grand Canyon, Arizona. GeoDIL, A Geoscience Digital Image Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
- Lucchitta, Ivo, Hiking Arizona's Geology, 2001, Mountaineers's Books, ISBN 0-89886-730-4
- Mathis, A., and C. Bowman (2007) The Grand Age of Rocks: The Numeric Ages for Rocks Exposed within Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
- Share, J. (2102a) The Great Unconformity of the Grand Canyon and the Late Proterozoic-Cambrian Time Interval: Part I - Defining It.
- Share, J. (2102a) The Great Unconformity and the Late Proterozoic-Cambrian Time Interval: Part II - The Rifting of Rodinia and the "Snowball Earth" Glaciations That Followed.
- Timmons, M. K. Karlstrom, and C. Dehler (1999) Grand Canyon Supergroup Six Unconformities Make One Great Unconformity A Record of Supercontinent Assembly and Disassembly. Boatman's Quarterly Review. vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 29–32.
- Timmons, S. S. (2003) Learning to Read the Pages of a Book (Grand Canyon Geology Training Manual), National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.