Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Demographics of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020
Population95,894,118 (2021 est.)
Growth rate3.14% (2022 est.)
Birth rate40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy61.83 years
 • male60.03 years
 • female63.69 years
Fertility rate5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate60.85 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years46.38%
65 and over2.47%
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.01 male(s)/female
65 and over0.6 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityCongolese
Language
OfficialFrench
Democratic Republic of the Congos population between 1960 and 2017.

This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named. The most numerous people are the Luba, Mongo, and Bakongo.

Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French, and the intermediary languages Kikongo ya leta, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.

Population

Historical population of the DR Congo

The CIA World Factbook estimated the population to be over 105 million as of 2022 (the exact number being 108,407,721), now exceeding that of Vietnam (with 98,721,275 inhabitants as of 2020) and ascending the country to the rank of 14th most populous in the world.[1] The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 46.38%, 51.15% of the population was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.47% was 65 years or older.[1][2]

Total population[1] Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 12 184 000 43.7 52.5 3.8
1955 13 580 000 43.8 53.1 3.1
1960 15 368 000 43.8 53.3 2.9
1965 17 543 000 43.9 53.2 2.8
1970 20 267 000 44.4 52.8 2.8
1975 23 317 000 44.9 52.3 2.8
1980 27 019 000 45.4 51.8 2.8
1985 31 044 000 46.1 51.1 2.8
1990 36 406 000 47.0 50.2 2.8
1995 44 067 000 47.9 49.4 2.7
2000 49 626 000 48.0 49.4 2.7
2005 57 421 000 47.5 49.9 2.7
2010 65 966 000 46.3 51.1 2.7
2020 101 780 263 46.4 51.2 2.5

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020):[3]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 50 286 000 51 472 000 101 758 000 100
0–4 9 956 000 9 780 000 19 736 000 19.40
5–9 8 046 000 7 978 000 16 024 000 15.75
10–14 6 638 000 6 588 000 13 226 000 13.00
15–19 5 280 000 5 250 000 10 530 000 10.35
20–24 4 224 000 4 272 000 8 496 000 8.35
25–29 3 621 000 3 603 000 7 224 000 7.10
30–34 3 017 000 3 037 000 6 054 000 5.95
35–39 2 565 000 2 728 000 5 293 000 5.20
40–44 2 011 000 2 059 000 4 070 000 4.00
45–49 1 307 000 1 493 000 2 800 000 2.75
50–54 1 056 000 1 287 000 2 343 000 2.30
55–59 704 000 926 000 1 630 000 1.60
60–64 704 000 926 000 1 630 000 1.60
65-69 553 000 721 000 1 274 000 1.25
70-74 302 000 412 000 714 000 0.70
75+ 302 000 412 000 714 000 0.70
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 24 640 000 24 346 000 48 986 000 48.14
15–64 24 489 000 25 581 000 50 070 000 49.20
65+ 1 157 000 1 545 000 2 702 000 2.66

Census

The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.[4]

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [5]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
1950   566 000   326 000   239 000 46.0 19.5 26.6 5.97 179.9 38.31
1951   579 000   328 000   251 000 46.1 20.0 26.2 5.97 178.5 38.44
1952   592 000   327 000   264 000 46.2 20.6 25.6 5.97 175.8 38.85
1953   607 000   329 000   278 000 46.4 21.2 25.1 5.98 173.3 39.14
1954   619 000   330 000   289 000 46.3 21.6 24.7 5.98 171.0 39.47
1955   632 000   333 000   299 000 46.3 21.9 24.4 5.98 168.8 39.72
1956   646 000   336 000   311 000 46.4 22.3 24.1 5.99 166.7 39.98
1957   663 000   338 000   325 000 46.5 22.8 23.7 6.01 164.7 40.32
1958   681 000   343 000   338 000 46.7 23.2 23.5 6.04 162.9 40.50
1959   698 000   348 000   349 000 46.8 23.4 23.4 6.07 161.2 40.64
1960   716 000   354 000   362 000 46.9 23.7 23.2 6.08 159.8 40.86
1961   738 000   370 000   368 000 47.1 23.5 23.6 6.11 159.6 40.24
1962   761 000   378 000   383 000 47.4 23.8 23.5 6.13 158.1 40.34
1963   785 000   385 000   400 000 47.5 24.2 23.3 6.16 156.5 40.60
1964   808 000   403 000   406 000 47.7 24.0 23.8 6.18 155.7 40.05
1965   833 000   404 000   429 000 47.9 24.7 23.2 6.21 153.1 40.70
1966   859 000   397 000   462 000 47.9 25.8 22.1 6.24 149.5 42.05
1967   885 000   405 000   480 000 48.0 26.0 21.9 6.27 147.3 42.31
1968   910 000   411 000   500 000 47.9 26.3 21.6 6.30 145.1 42.71
1969   935 000   418 000   517 000 47.8 26.4 21.4 6.32 142.7 42.98
1970   959 000   425 000   534 000 47.6 26.5 21.1 6.34 140.5 43.28
1971   985 000   431 000   554 000 47.5 26.8 20.8 6.38 138.3 43.66
1972   1 006 000   437 000   569 000 47.3 26.8 20.5 6.40 136.4 43.93
1973   1 026 000   445 000   582 000 47.0 26.6 20.4 6.41 134.7 44.10
1974   1 047 000   451 000   597 000 46.7 26.6 20.1 6.42 133.3 44.41
1975   1 070 000   460 000   610 000 46.4 26.4 20.0 6.42 132.1 44.47
1976   1 091 000   468 000   623 000 46.1 26.3 19.8 6.43 130.9 44.66
1977   1 111 000   476 000   634 000 45.8 26.1 19.6 6.43 129.8 44.76
1978   1 134 000   491 000   643 000 45.6 25.8 19.7 6.44 129.1 44.54
1979   1 184 000   496 000   688 000 45.9 26.7 19.2 6.46 126.9 45.21
1980   1 227 000   507 000   720 000 46.0 27.0 19.0 6.47 125.1 45.47
1981   1 260 000   517 000   744 000 45.9 27.1 18.8 6.49 123.5 45.72
1982   1 293 000   526 000   766 000 45.8 27.2 18.6 6.50 121.9 45.92
1983   1 333 000   535 000   798 000 45.9 27.5 18.5 6.55 120.3 46.18
1984   1 377 000   545 000   832 000 46.2 27.9 18.3 6.60 118.7 46.45
1985   1 433 000   559 000   873 000 46.5 28.4 18.2 6.65 117.4 46.62
1986   1 480 000   571 000   910 000 46.7 28.7 18.0 6.69 116.1 46.91
1987   1 529 000   579 000   950 000 46.8 29.1 17.7 6.74 114.9 47.34
1988   1 568 000   588 000   980 000 46.5 29.1 17.4 6.73 113.7 47.77
1989   1 610 000   596 000   1 014 000 46.3 29.1 17.1 6.74 112.6 48.17
1990   1 652 000   604 000   1 047 000 46.0 29.2 16.8 6.70 111.3 48.60
1991   1 713 000   617 000   1 097 000 46.1 29.5 16.6 6.69 110.1 48.95
1992   1 761 000   629 000   1 132 000 45.9 29.5 16.4 6.67 108.9 49.24
1993   1 804 000   638 000   1 165 000 45.7 29.5 16.2 6.64 108.1 49.55
1994   1 878 000   653 000   1 225 000 45.9 29.9 16.0 6.67 107.0 49.88
1995   2 046 000   682 000   1 364 000 47.1 31.4 15.7 6.71 105.7 50.41
1996   2 083 000   730 000   1 353 000 46.8 30.4 16.4 6.72 106.4 49.31
1997   2 067 000   707 000   1 360 000 45.8 30.2 15.7 6.73 103.7 50.40
1998   2 071 000   729 000   1 342 000 45.1 29.2 15.9 6.73 101.5 49.70
1999   2 128 000   739 000   1 389 000 45.0 29.4 15.6 6.72 99.5 49.95
2000   2 189 000   712 000   1 477 000 45.0 30.4 14.6 6.72 97.3 51.78
2001   2 245 000   721 000   1 525 000 44.8 30.4 14.4 6.70 95.0 52.12
2002   2 310 000   733 000   1 577 000 44.7 30.5 14.2 6.67 92.6 52.33
2003   2 372 000   738 000   1 634 000 44.5 30.7 13.9 6.64 89.9 52.83
2004   2 426 000   738 000   1 688 000 44.3 30.8 13.5 6.62 87.2 53.43
2005   2 499 000   743 000   1 757 000 44.2 31.1 13.1 6.60 84.6 53.93
2006   2 592 000   746 000   1 846 000 44.4 31.6 12.8 6.59 82.0 54.53
2007   2 675 000   756 000   1 920 000 44.4 31.8 12.5 6.58 79.4 54.92
2008   2 767 000   764 000   2 003 000 44.4 32.2 12.3 6.58 77.0 55.34
2009   2 867 000   771 000   2 096 000 44.6 32.6 12.0 6.59 74.5 55.84
2010   2 957 000   774 000   2 183 000 44.5 32.9 11.7 6.59 72.2 56.42
2011   3 069 000   776 000   2 293 000 44.7 33.4 11.3 6.58 70.0 57.07
2012   3 171 000   793 000   2 378 000 44.6 33.5 11.2 6.56 68.0 57.25
2013   3 247 000   797 000   2 450 000 44.2 33.4 10.9 6.53 65.9 57.76
2014   3 345 000   802 000   2 543 000 44.0 33.4 10.6 6.48 64.0 58.30
2015   3 433 000   818 000   2 615 000 43.6 33.2 10.4 6.44 62.2 58.49
2016   3 532 000   820 000   2 712 000 43.4 33.3 10.1 6.39 60.4 59.07
2017   3 647 000   832 000   2 815 000 43.3 33.4 9.9 6.35 58.6 59.41
2018   3 748 000   835 000   2 913 000 43.0 33.4 9.6 6.30 56.9 59.94
2019   3 839 000   844 000   2 995 000 42.7 33.3 9.4 6.25 55.5 60.28
2020   3 930 000   886 000   3 044 000 42.3 32.8 9.5 6.21 53.9 59.74
2021   4 035 000   931 000   3 104 000 42.0 32.3 9.7 6.16 52.3 59.19
*CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000 people); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000 people); NC = natural change (per 1000 people), also equals CBR minus CDR; IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for urban and rural areas:[6]

The Wanted Fertility Rate is an estimate of what the fertility rate would be if all unwanted births were avoided.[7]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
2007 44,1 6,3 (5,6) 40,4 5,4 (4,8) 46,8 7,0 (6,2)
2013-14 44,1 6,6 (5,7) 40,5 5,4 (4,6) 45,9 7,3 (6,5)

Fertility data per province, as of 2014:[8]

Province Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Kinshasa 4.2 5.7 4.8
Bas-Congo 6.0 12.6 6.5
Bandundu 6.3 12.1 6.1
Équateur 7.0 14.3 6.5
Orientale 5.9 11.6 5.3
Nord-Kivu 6.5 9.7 6.7
Sud-Kivu 7.7 12.5 7.4
Maniema 6.9 14.8 7.0
Katanga 7.8 12.8 7.3
Kasaï Oriental 7.3 12.4 7.5
Kasaï Occidental 8.2 14.2 7.5

Life expectancy

Development of life expectancy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Period Life expectancy in
Years[9]
1950–1955 39.06
1955–1960 Increase 40.55
1960–1965 Increase 41.63
1965–1970 Increase 42.99
1970–1975 Increase 44.77
1975–1980 Increase 45.63
1980–1985 Increase 47.13
1985–1990 Increase 48.25
1990–1995 Increase 49.59
1995–2000 Decrease 48.89
2000–2005 Increase 51.84
2005–2010 Increase 55.48
2010–2015 Increase 58.10


Ethnic groups

See also: Category:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

More than 250 ethnic groups have been identified and named, of which the majority are Bantu. The four largest groups - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande collectively make up about 45% of the population. 5,000 people from Belgium and 5,000 people from Greece currently live in DR Congo.[10]

A family from the Mongo ethnic group.

Bantu peoples (80%):

Luba (18%), Mongo (17%), Kongo (12%)[citation needed]
Others:[citation needed] Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, Balunda, Bangala, Bango, Batsamba, Bazombe, Bemba, Bembe, Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, Fuliru, Havu, Hema, Hima, Hunde, Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, Kuba, Kumu, Kwango, Lengola, Lokele, Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, Mbole, Mbuza (Budja), Nande, Ngoli, Bangoli, Ngombe, Nkumu, Nyanga, Pende, Popoi, Poto, Sango, Shi, Songo, Sukus, Tabwa, Chokwe, Téké, Tembo, Tetela, Topoke, Ungana, Vira, Wakuti, Yaka, Yakoma, Yanzi, Yéké, Yela etc.

Central Sudanic/Ubangian :

Ngbandi, Ngbaka, Manvu, Mbunja, Moru-Mangbetu, Zande, Lugbara

Nilotic peoples :

Alur, Kakwa, Bari, Logo

Pygmy peoples :

Mbuti, Twa, Baka, Babinga

More than 600,000 pygmies (around 1% of the total population) are believed to live in DR Congo, mainly in forests, where they survive by hunting wild animals and gathering fruits.[11]

Languages

Main article: Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The four major languages in the DRC are French (official, from colonization), Lingala (a lingua franca, or trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Swahili), Kikongo ya leta, and Tshiluba. In total, there are over 200 ethnic languages.

French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father.

Religions

A survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys program in 2013-2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, Kimbanguism, was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.[12]

Another estimate (by the Pew Research Center in 2010) found Christianity was followed by 95.8% of the population.[13]

The CIA The World Factbook gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Other Christian 36.5%, Islam 1.3%, Other (includes Syncretic Sects and Indigenous beliefs) 2.7%.[14]

The Joshua Project, a Christian missionary organisation, gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 24.8%, Other Christian 23.7%, Muslim 1.6%, Non-religious 0.6%, Hindu 0.1% other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 5.3%.[15]

Other demographic statistics

Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates
Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020

These are some other demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[16]

  • One birth every 9 seconds
  • One death every 38 seconds
  • One net migrant every 111 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 11 seconds

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[17]

Population

108,407,721 (2022 est.)
85,281,024 (July 2018 est.)
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and gender than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, other Christian 36.5%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 1.2%, none 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2014 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 46.38% (male 23,757,297/female 23,449,057)
15-24 years: 19.42% (male 9,908,686/female 9,856,841)
25-54 years: 28.38% (male 14,459,453/female 14,422,912)
55-64 years: 3.36% (male 1,647,267/female 1,769,429)
65 years and over: 2.47% (male 1,085,539/female 1,423,782) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 41.25% (male 17,735,697 /female 17,446,866)
15-24 years: 21.46% (male 9,184,871 /female 9,117,462)
25-54 years: 30.96% (male 13,176,714 /female 13,225,429)
55-64 years: 3.63% (male 1,472,758 /female 1,625,637)
65 years and over: 2.69% (male 974,293 /female 1,321,297) (2018 est.)

Median age

total: 16.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd
male: 16.5 years
female: 16.8 years (2020 est.)
total: 18.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th
male: 18.6 years
female: 19 years (2018 est.)

Birth rate

40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th
40.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Death rate

7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 95th
9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

3.14% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 9th
2.33% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st
2.42% (2016)

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.9 years (2013/14 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Contraceptive prevalence rate

28.1% (2017/18)
20.4% (2013/14)

Net migration rate

-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 131st
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 105th
-0.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population

note: fighting between the Congolese Government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DRC in August 1998, which left 2.33 million Congolese internally displaced and caused 412,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries (2011 est.)

Given the situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data however evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants in spite of recent declines. Immigration is seen to be very diverse in nature, with refugees and asylum-seekers - products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the Great Lakes Region - constituting an important subset of the population in the country.[18]

Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.[18]

According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of immigrants in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the informal economy in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.[18]

Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including South Africa and various points en route to Europe.[18]

In addition to being a host country, the DRC has also produced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers located in the region and beyond. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to UNHCR, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of which were living in other African countries.[18]

Religions

Roman Catholic (55.8%), Other Christian (39.1%), Folk religion (2.5%), Islam (2.1%), None (0.5%)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 97.5 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 91.5 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 16.8 (2015 est.)

Gender ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 61.83 years. Country comparison to the world: 216th
male: 60.03 years
female: 63.69 years (2022 est.)
total population: 58.1 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 213rd
male: 56.5 years (2018 est.)
female: 59.7 years (2018 est.)
total population: 56.93 years
male: 55.39 years
female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)[19]

Urbanization

urban population: 46.8% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 44.5% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.53% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Main article: HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (2017 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 390,000 (2017 est.)
Deaths: 17,000 (2017 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and ebola.
Vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2005)

Nationality

Noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Congolese or Congo

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba
Total population: 77%
Male: 88.5%
Female: 66.5% (2016 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years (2013)
male: 11 years (2013)
female: 9 years (2013)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 8.7% (2012 est.) Country comparison to the world: 134th
male: 11.3% (2012 est.)
female: 6.8% (2012 est.)

Congolese diaspora

The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).[20]

Rank Country Region Year DRC born population
1  France Europe 2010 59,641
2  Belgium Europe 2015 44,715
3  United States North America 2011-13 20,410
4  Canada North America 2011 19,890
5  Great Britain Europe 2011 19,193
6  Germany Europe 2011 (foreign citizens) 9,299
7   Switzerland Europe 2011 6,724
8  Italy Europe 2015 6,010
9  Netherlands Europe 2015 4,973
10  Sweden Europe 2015 3,092
11  Australia Oceania 2011 2,576
12  Norway Europe 2015 2,210
13  Brazil South America 2020 2,064
14  Spain Europe 2013 1,494
15  Finland Europe 2015 1,523
16  Denmark Europe 2015 1,264
17  Austria Europe 2015 1,258

These are only estimates and do not account for Congolese migrants residing illegally in these and other countries. Among African countries, Congo's diaspora is second only to Nigeria in size.[citation needed]

See also

Congolese ethnic groups:

Other articles

References

  1. ^ a b c "Congo, Democratic Republic of the". 18 April 2022.
  2. ^ Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  4. ^ "Recensement scientifique de la population 1984. Résultats provisoires" (PDF).
  5. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  6. ^ "Congo, Dem. Rep. - Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2007". microdata.worldbank.org.
  7. ^ "Fertility and wanted fertility". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  8. ^ "Democratic Republic of Congo" (PDF).
  9. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  10. ^ "Greeks Around the Globe". Archived from the original on 2006-06-19.
  11. ^ "BBC NEWS - Africa - DR Congo pygmies 'exterminated'". news.bbc.co.uk. 6 July 2004.
  12. ^ "Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014" (PDF) (in French). Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique. p. 36. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Global Religious Landscape". Pew Forum. 18 December 2012.
  14. ^ "Africa :: CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE". CIA The World Factbook. 18 April 2022.
  15. ^ "Joshua Project - Congo, Democratic Republic of - Religions".
  16. ^ "DR Congo Population 2022", World Population Review
  17. ^ "The World FactBook - Congo, Democratic Republic of the", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ^ a b c d e "Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009". International Organization for Migration. 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
  19. ^ CIA "The World Factbook": DR Congo 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
  20. ^ Flahaux M.-L. and Schoumaker B. (2016), Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions, Migration Policy Institute Retrieved January 20, 2018.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2007 edition.)

External links

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