Ninth Battle of the Isonzo

Ninth Battle of the Isonzo
Part of the Italian Front (World War I)
Eleven Battles of the Isonzo June 1915 — September 1917
Date 31 October—4 November, 1916 Location Isonzo River valley Result Limited Italian Advance
Belligerents
Italy	Austria-Hungary
Commanders and leaders
Luigi Cadorna	General Svetozar Boroević
Strength
225 battalions, 1,390 artillery pieces	170 battalions, 990 artillery pieces
Casualties and losses
39,000	33,000

The Ninth Battle of the Isonzo was an Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian offensive]] against Austria-Hungary in the course World War I. Including a triumvirate of battles launched after the Italians' successful seizure of Gorizia in August 1916 to extend their bridgehead to the left of the town, it ended in further failure for the Italian Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna.

With the ninth battle fought from 1-4 November 1916 the combined casualty total from the three linked battles proved sufficiently heavy to ensure that each attack was of short duration (each less than a week). The Italians suffered 75,000 casualties and the Austro-Hungarians 63,000.

As always along the Isonzo, the Austro-Hungarian Army's command of the mountainous terrain provided a formidable natural barrier to the Italians' attempts to achieve a breakthrough. Cadorna had intended to ensure such a breakthrough in the wake of the capture of Gorizia during the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo, but instead the war of attrition gathered pace.

Neither side could particularly afford the casualties suffered but the Austro-Hungarians in particular were finding their defensive lines increasingly stretched. Realising this they continued to call upon their German ally to provide military assistance within the sector. When the Germans finally assented (sensing the potential collapse of the Austro-Hungarian position) and constructed a combined force in time for the Twelfth Battle of Isonzo, the results were dramatic.

However with the ninth battle called off in failure on 4 November 1916 and the Italians undeniably weakened by continual offensive operations throughout the year - 1916 had seen five Isonzo operations on top of four undertaken the year before - a lengthy break was taken for the winter.

Operations renewed afresh with the Tenth Battle of the Isonzo on 12 May 1917.

See also

• First Battle of the Isonzo - 23 June–7 July, 1915
• Second Battle of the Isonzo - 18 July–3 August, 1915
• Third Battle of the Isonzo - 18 October–3 November, 1915
• Fourth Battle of the Isonzo - 10 November–2 December, 1915
• Fifth Battle of the Isonzo - 9–17 March, 1916
• Sixth Battle of the Isonzo - 6–17 August, 1916
• Seventh Battle of the Isonzo - 14–17 September, 1916
• Eighth Battle of the Isonzo - 10–12 October, 1916
• Tenth Battle of the Isonzo - 12 May–8 June, 1917
• Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo - 19 August–12 September, 1917
• Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo - 24 October–7 November, 1917 also known as the Battle of Caporetto

External links

• FirstWorldWar.Com: The Battles of the Isonzo, 1915-17
• Battlefield Maps: Italian Front
• 11 battles at the Isonzo
• The Walks of Peace in the Soča Region Foundation. The Foundation preserves, restores and presents the historical and cultural heritage of the First World War in the area of the Isonzo Front for the study, tourist and educational purposes.
• The Kobarid Museum (in English)
• Društvo Soška Fronta (in Slovenian)
• Pro Hereditate - extensive site (in En/It/Sl)