Myelophthisic anemia
| Myelophthisic anemia | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Hematology  |
Myelophthisic anemia (or myelophthisis) is a severe kind of anemia found in some people with diseases that affect the bone marrow. Myelophythisis refers to the displacement of hemopoietic bone-marrow tissue into the peripheral blood,[1] either by fibrosis, tumors or granulomas.
Causes
Myelophythisis can occur in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma or metastatic carcinoma. It is common in people who have myelofibrosis of the bone marrow, and it has been linked to small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer or prostate cancer that metastasizes to the bone marrow.[2]
Diagnosis
Myelophthisis is suggested by the finding of nucleated red blood cell, teardrop cells or immature granulocyte precursors on examination of the peripheral blood smear under a microscope. Diagnosis is confirmed when a bone marrow biopsy demonstrates significant replacement of the normal bone marrow compartment by fibrosis, malignancy or other infiltrative process.
Treatment
Treatment of this disorder involves treatment of the underlying cancer.[3] [4]
Presentation
Historically, the most common displacement of the healthy bone marrow was from tuberculosis.[citation needed]
There may be evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis[5] (marrow elements can be found in the spleen, liver).
Etiology
Myelophthisis is thought to be related to the release of cytokines that simulate fibroblastic proliferation and fibrosis in the marrow.[6]
References
- ^ "Hematopathology".
- ^ American Society of hematology self-assessment program, second edition, 2005, page 82.
- ^ American Society of hematology self-assessment program, second edition, 2005, page 82.
- ^ "Myelophthisic Anemia: Anemias Caused by Deficient Erythropoiesis: Merck Manual Professional". Retrieved 2008-03-08.
- ^ Makoni SN, Laber DA (2004). "Clinical spectrum of myelophthisis in cancer patients". Am. J. Hematol. 76 (1): 92–3. doi:10.1002/ajh.20046. PMID 15114608.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ American Society of hematology self-assessment program, second edition, 2005, page 82.
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