Lakandula
| Lakan Dula | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lakan (King) of Tondo. | |||||
| Reign | 1558 – 1571 | ||||
| Predecessor | Rajah Sulaiman I | ||||
| Successor | Rajah Sulaiman III | ||||
| Issue | Batang Dula Magat Salamat | ||||
| |||||
| House | Kingdom of Tondo | ||||
Lakan Banaw Dula (1503–1589), often referred to simply by his title Lakan Dula, was the Lakan (ruler) of the pre-colonial Philippine Kingdom of Tondo when the Spaniards first conquered the lands of the Pasig River delta in the 1570s.[1] Another common variation of the name is Gatdula.[2] He is sometimes erroneously referred to as Rajah Lakandula; the terms "Rajah" and "Lakan" have the same meaning therefore making the appellation redundant.[1]
Along with Rajah Matanda and Rajah Sulayman, he was one of three Rajahs who played significant roles in the Spanish conquest of the kingdoms of the Pasig River delta in the early 1570s.
Lakan as a title for the rulers of Tondo
Banao was the Lakan's personal name[3][4], and "Lakan" was the traditional title used for the monarchs of the Kingdom of Tondo.[3][4]
In (Kapampangan, the word Lakan means "lord" and the word dula means "palace", such that the title literally meant "Lord of the Palace."[5]
In the Gatdula variant of the name, the word or prefix Gat is a shortened version of the Tagalog honorific "Pamagat", which at the time meant "nobleman," such that the variant literally read "Nobleman of the Palace", which meant essentially the same thing as the Kapampangan version.[2]
"Lakan" instead of "Rajah"
With the term "Rajah" and "Lakan" meaning the same thing, the "Rajah Lakan Dula" variation of the title was also never used in the original sources pertaining to Lakan Dula[6], and Philippine historian and national artist for literature Nick Joaquin takes pains to point out that the term Lakan, not Rajah, was used by the rulers of the Kingdom of Tondo.[1]
Life
The best way to describe the historical a certain Carlos Candola is through the 1665 notarized document written as an endorsement of his great-grandson, Don Juan Macapagal, Master-of-Camp and Datu of Arayat:[7]
Don Carlos Candola, his great-grandfather, was Lord and principal of the town of Lubao, and other surrounding towns, whose natives paid him tribute and vassalage and other recognition as their natural lord, and when ships from China came to this bay, they similarly paid him duties and anchorage fees, he removing their sails and rudder for this purpose, and taking their merchandise by paying half its value at the time and the other half the next year, without any other natives being able to buy anything from the sangleyes but only from the said Candola, from which much profit, which he ceded at the coming of the Spaniards to these Islands, they collecting the said tributes and duties for His Majesty.
Carlos Candola played a crucial role in pacifying the last independent Luzon states in what is now the province of Pampanga, namely Lubao and Betis. He further helped the Spaniards in defending their foothold in the archipelago from the invading forces of the Chinese pirate Limahong.
Descendants
Carlos Candola was the most prolific of Luzon's ancient rulers. A place in San Luis Pampanga, Candola, was named after him. His descendants are spread out all across the Kapampangan Region during the Spanish colonial era.[7] He fathered at least four children, namely Don Dionisio Capulong, the Datu of Candaba, Don Phelipe Salonga, the Datu of Pulu,and Don Martin La Candola who entered the Agustinian order as a lay brother in 1590.[7] He had one daughter by the name of Doña Maria Poloin who married Don Alonso Talabos.
Learning from this experience, his great grandson Don Juan Macapagal, Master-of-Camp and Datu of Arayat, aided the Spanish authorities in suppressing the 1660 Kapampangan Revolt of Don Francisco Maniago and the Pangasinan Revolt of Don Andres Malong, and the 1661 Ilocano Revolt. Because of his service to the Spanish crown, the Spanish authorities revived the special privileges offered by the Spanish crown to La Candola and his descendants spread across the province of Pampanga.[7] A Gremio de La Candolas was created in 1758 to safeguard the rights and privileges of the Kapampangan descendants of La Candola.[7] During the British invasion of 1762-64, the descendants of Candola, now concentrated in the province of Pampanga, formed a company of volunteers to fight the British and were granted autonomy by Governor General Simon de Anda.[7]
Prominent Carlos Candola descendants of the 20th century include the former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal, father of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.[7]
Legacy
- The Order of Lakandula is one of the highest honors given by the Republic of the Philippines. It is an order of political and civic merit, awarded in memory of Lakandula’s dedication to the responsibilities of leadership, prudence, fortitude, courage and resolve in the service of one’s people.
- The BRP Rajah Lakandula (PF-4) was the a Destroyer Escort / Frigate and is the only ex-USN Edsall-class destroyer escort that served the Philippine Navy. She was also the flagship of the Philippine Navy from 1981 to 1988. Struck from the Navy List in 1988, she was still in use as stationary barracks ship in Subic Bay as of 1999.
- A number of Lakandula Elementary and Secondary Schools are named after Lakandula, notably in the City of Manila, and the Province of Pampanga, both closely associated with Banaw Lakandula.
See also
- Rajah Sulayman
- Rajah Matanda
- Kingdom of Maynila
- Kingdom of Tondo
- Rajah
- Sultan
- Datu
- Lakan
- History of the Philippines
- History of the Philippines (900–1521)
- Philippine revolts against Spain
References
- ^ a b c Joaqiun, Nick (1990). Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young. City of Manila: Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-9715693134.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Scott, William Henry (1992). Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-0524-7.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Dery, Luis Camara (2001). A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-1069-0.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Tolentino, Aurelio. 1914. Kasulatang Gintû. Manila: Imprenta y Litografia de Juan Fajardo.
- ^ Template:Tl icon Buhay Sa Nayon
- ^ a b c d e f g Santiago, Luciano P.R., The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman [1571-1898]: Genealogy and Group Identity, Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 18 [1990]