Archaeocyon: Difference between revisions

Archaeocyon; Temporal range: Oligocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Skull of Archaeocyon leptodus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Subfamily:	†Borophaginae
Genus:	†Archaeocyon; Wang, Tedford, & Taylor, 1999
Type species
	†Pseudocynodictis pavidus;
Species
	†A. falkenbachi Wang et al. 1999; †A. leptodus Schlaikjer 1935; †A. pavidus Stock 1933;
	Range of Archaeocyon based on fossil distribution

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Archaeocyon ("ancient dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived during the Oligocene epoch 32-24 Ma.,^[1]^[2] existing for approximately 8 million years. Species of Archaeocyon are among the earliest known borophagines, although a species of Otarocyon has a slightly earlier first appearance. Fossils have been found across the northern Great Plains and along the west coast of North America.^[2]

Archaeocyon was a comparatively small and unspecialized dog. Its dentition (teeth) suggests a slightly more hypocarnivorous (omnivorous) diet than the otherwise similar Hesperocyon. The skeleton is also generalized, lacking specializations for running and retaining a plantigrade foot posture.

A few derived features of the dentition support a relationship to Borophaginae and Caninae (the subfamily that includes living canids), rather than to the basal canid subfamily Hesperocyoninae. The temporal position of Archaeocyon suggests an affinity to borophagines because the first members of Caninae appear substantially earlier.^[3]

Species[edit]

Three species of Archaeocyon have been described. The two earlier species, A. pavidus and A. leptodus, differ primarily in size, with A. leptodus being larger. The third species, A. falkenbachi, is the size of A. leptodus and differs from other Archaeocyon species in having a shorter, broader skull.

References[edit]

^ PaleoBiology Database: Archaeocyon Taxonomy, Species
^ ^a ^b Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.
^ Wang, X., R.H. Tedford, and B.E. Taylor. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 243:1-391.

[1] PaleoBiology Database: Archaeocyon Taxonomy, Species

[Wang2008-2] Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.

[3] Wang, X., R.H. Tedford, and B.E. Taylor. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 243:1-391.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Extinct genus of carnivores}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-|name = ''Archaeocyon''
-|fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Oligocene|Late Oligocene}}
+| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Oligocene}}
-|image = Cormocyon leptodus.JPG
+| image = Cormocyon leptodus.JPG
-|image_caption = Skull of ''Archaeocyon leptodus''
+| image_caption = Skull of ''Archaeocyon leptodus''
+| taxon = Archaeocyon
-|regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| authority = Wang, Tedford, & Taylor, 1999
-|phylum = [[Chordata]]
+| type_species = †''Pseudocynodictis pavidus''
-|classis = [[Mammalia]]
+| subdivision_ranks = Species
-|ordo = [[Carnivora]]
+| subdivision =
-|familia = [[Canidae]]
+* †''A. falkenbachi'' <small>Wang ''et al.'' 1999</small>
-|subfamilia = †[[Borophaginae]]
+* †''A. leptodus'' <small>Schlaikjer 1935</small>
-|genus = †'''''Archaeocyon'''''
+* †''A. pavidus'' <small>Stock 1933</small>
-|genus_authority = Wang, Tedford, & Taylor, 1999
+| range_map = Archaeocyon range.png
-|type_species = †''Pseudocynodictis pavidus''
+| range_map_caption = Range of ''Archaeocyon'' based on fossil distribution
-|subdivision_ranks = Species
-|subdivision =
-* †''A. falkenbachi''
-* †''A. leptodus''
-* †''A. pavidus''
 }}
-'''''Archaeocyon''''' ("beginning dog") is a small extinct genus of the ''[[Borophaginae]]'' within the [[family (biology)|family]] ''[[Canidae]]'' ([[Terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[canine]]) which inhabited most of [[North America]] during the [[Whitneyan]] stage through [[Geringian]] stage of the [[Oligocene]] epoch 33.3—26.3 [[Annum|Ma]] <ref>[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=41194&is_real_user=1 PaleoBiology Database: ''Archaeocyon'' Taxonomy, Species]</ref> ''Archaeocyon'' existed for approximately {{Mya|33.3-26|million years}}.
+'''''Archaeocyon''''' ("ancient dog") is an extinct genus of  the [[Borophaginae]] subfamily of [[canid]]s native to [[North America]]. It lived during the [[Oligocene]] epoch 32-24 [[Annum|Ma.]],<ref>[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=41194&is_real_user=1 PaleoBiology Database: ''Archaeocyon'' Taxonomy, Species]</ref><ref name=Wang2008>{{cite book |last1= Wang |first1= Xiaoming | last2= Tedford | first2= Richard H. | date= 2008 |title= Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History |publisher= Columbia |page= 36 |isbn= 978-0-231-13528-3}}</ref> existing for approximately {{Mya|32-24|million years}}. Species of ''Archaeocyon'' are among the earliest known borophagines, although a species of ''[[Otarocyon]]'' has a slightly earlier first appearance. Fossils have been found across the northern Great Plains and along the west coast of North America.<ref name=Wang2008/>
+[[File:Archaeocyon head restoration.jpg|thumb|left|[[Life restoration]]]]
-Species of ''Archaeocyon'' are among the earliest known borophagines, although a species of ''[[Otarocyon]]'' has a slightly earlier first appearance.
-==Taxonomy==
 ''Archaeocyon'' was a comparatively small and unspecialized dog. Its [[dentition]] (teeth) suggests a slightly more [[hypocarnivore|hypocarnivorous]] ([[omnivorous]]) diet than the otherwise similar ''[[Hesperocyon]]''. The skeleton is also generalized, lacking specializations for running and retaining a [[plantigrade]] foot posture.
 A few derived features of the dentition support a relationship to Borophaginae and [[Caninae]] (the subfamily that includes living canids), rather than to the basal canid subfamily [[Hesperocyoninae]]. The temporal position of ''Archaeocyon'' suggests an affinity to borophagines because the first members of Caninae appear substantially earlier.<ref>Wang, X., R.H. Tedford, and B.E. Taylor. 1999. [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1588 Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae)]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 243:1-391.</ref>
-==Morphology==
-Fossil specimens of two individuals' body mass were examined by Legendre and Roth. The first specimen was estimated to weigh 1.43 kg (3.15 lbs). The second specimen was estimated to weigh 1.49 kg (3.28 lbs).<ref>S. Legendre and C. Roth. 1988. Correlation of carnassial tooth size and body weight in recent carnivores (Mammalia). Historical Biology</ref>
 ==Species==
 Three species of ''Archaeocyon'' have been described. The two earlier species, ''A. pavidus'' and ''A. leptodus'', differ primarily in size, with ''A. leptodus'' being larger. The third species, ''A. falkenbachi'', is the size of ''A. leptodus'' and differs from other ''Archaeocyon'' species in having a shorter, broader [[skull]].
-==Sister genera==
-''[[Otarocyon]]'', ''[[Oxetocyon]]'', and ''[[Rhizocyon]]''
 == References ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Canidae extinct nav|state=collapsed}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q979764}}
-{{Canidae extinct nav}}
 [[Category:Borophagines]]
-[[Category:Oligocene mammals]]
+[[Category:Oligocene canids]]
-[[Category:Oligocene extinctions]]
+[[Category:Oligocene mammals of North America]]
-[[Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America]]
+[[Category:Prehistoric carnivoran genera]]
+[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1999]]
-[[nl:Archaeocyon]]
-[[zh:始祖犬]]