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{{italictitle}}{{speciesbox
{{italic title}}{{speciesbox
| name = ''Callobatrachus''
| name = ''Callobatrachus''
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|125}}
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|125}}
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'''''Callobatrachus''''' is an extinct genus of [[Discoglossidae|discoglossoid]] [[frog|anuran]] [[amphibian]] from the [[Early Cretaceous]]-age [[Yixian Formation]] of [[Liaoning]], [[China]].<ref name=Yuan>{{Cite journal| last1 = Yuan| first1 = W.| last2 = Keqin |first2 = G. |last3 = Xing | first3 = X. |title = Early evolution of discoglossid frogs: new evidence from the Mesozoic of China| journal = Naturwissenschaften| volume = 87| pages = 417–420| year = 2000 | doi=10.1007/s001140050753 }}</ref> It was described in 1999 by K. Gao of the [[American Museum of Natural History]] and Y. Wang of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]].<ref name=Gao1>{{Cite journal| last1 = Gao| first1 = Ke-Qin| last2 = Wang |first2 = Yuan |title = Earliest Asian discoglossid frog from western Liaoning| journal = Chin Sci Bull| volume = 44| pages = 636–642| year = 1999 }}</ref> Discovered in the Sihetun locality of the western part of Liaoning province, in the lower part of the Yixian Formation, the fossil dates to approximately 124.6 Ma. ''Callobatrachus'' is considered to be the most [[basal clade|basal]] member of Discoglossidae based on phylogenetic analysis.<ref name=Yuan/>
'''''Callobatrachus''''' is an extinct genus of [[Discoglossidae|discoglossoid]] [[frog|anuran]] [[amphibian]] from the [[Early Cretaceous]]-age [[Yixian Formation]] of [[Liaoning]], [[China]].<ref name=Yuan>{{Cite journal| last1 = Yuan| first1 = W.| last2 = Keqin |first2 = G. |last3 = Xing | first3 = X. |title = Early evolution of discoglossid frogs: new evidence from the Mesozoic of China| journal = Naturwissenschaften| volume = 87| pages = 417–420| year = 2000 | doi=10.1007/s001140050753 }}</ref> It was described in 1999 by K. Gao of the [[American Museum of Natural History]] and Y. Wang of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]].<ref name=Gao1>{{Cite journal| last1 = Gao| first1 = Ke-Qin| last2 = Wang |first2 = Yuan |title = Earliest Asian discoglossid frog from western Liaoning| journal = Chin Sci Bull| volume = 44| pages = 636–642| year = 1999 }}</ref> Discovered in the Sihetun locality of the western part of Liaoning province, in the lower part of the Yixian Formation, the fossil dates to approximately 124.6 Ma. ''Callobatrachus'' is considered to be the most [[basal clade|basal]] member of Discoglossidae based on phylogenetic analysis.<ref name=Yuan/>


As frogs are rarely found as articulated skeletons in the fossil record, the discovery of this new [[taxon]] has provided important insight into anuran evolution.<ref name=Pan>{{Cite journal| last1 = Pan| first1 = Gu| last2 = |first2 = |title = New advance in fossil anuran study| journal = Chinese Science Bulletin| volume = 44(7)| page = 589| year = 1999 }}</ref>
As frogs are rarely found as articulated skeletons in the fossil record, the discovery of this new [[taxon]] has provided important insight into anuran evolution.<ref name=Pan>{{Cite journal| last1 = Pan| first1 = Gu| last2 = |first2 = |title = New advance in fossil anuran study| journal = Chinese Science Bulletin| volume = 44 | issue = 7| page = 589| year = 1999 }}</ref>


The [[holotype]], IVPP V11525, is known from a nearly complete skeleton exposed in a [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal]] view on a [[shale]] slab. Its total body length (from snout to vent) is estimated at approximately 94 mm.<ref name=Gao>{{Cite journal| last1 = Gao| first1 = Ke-Qin| last2 = Wang |first2 = Yuan |title = Mesozoic anurans from Liaoning Province, China, and phylogenetic relationships of archaeobatrachian anuran clades| journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology| volume = 21(3)| pages = 460–476| year = 2001 }}</ref> It differs morphologically in many respects from all other discoglossoids, including the number of presacral [[Vertebral column|vertebrae]] (9 instead of the usual 8) and other primitive characters. Although it had a mosaic of primitive and [[derived trait|derived]] characters, it can be unequivocally placed as the most basal taxon of the [[clade]]. This shows that the taxon diverged early from the stem and evolved separately as a distinct lineage by the Early Cretaceous in East Asia.<ref name=Yuan/>
The [[holotype]], IVPP V11525, is known from a nearly complete skeleton exposed in a [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal]] view on a [[shale]] slab. Its total body length (from snout to vent) is estimated at approximately 94&nbsp;mm.<ref name=Gao>{{Cite journal| last1 = Gao| first1 = Ke-Qin| last2 = Wang |first2 = Yuan |title = Mesozoic anurans from Liaoning Province, China, and phylogenetic relationships of archaeobatrachian anuran clades| journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology| volume = 21 | issue = 3| pages = 460–476| year = 2001 }}</ref> It differs morphologically in many respects from all other discoglossoids, including the number of presacral [[Vertebral column|vertebrae]] (9 instead of the usual 8) and other primitive characters. Although it had a mosaic of primitive and [[derived trait|derived]] characters, it can be unequivocally placed as the most basal taxon of the [[clade]]. This shows that the taxon diverged early from the stem and evolved separately as a distinct lineage by the Early Cretaceous in East Asia.<ref name=Yuan/>


The skull is described as being short and wide and is well preserved. The [[maxilla]]ry region is less well-preserved but it can be determined that each [[premaxilla]] bears 18-20 slender and conical teeth, and the maxilla bears approximately 40-50 fine [[pedicellate teeth]]. The vertebral column consists of nine presacral vertebrae, a single sacral vertebra, and a free [[coccyx|urostyle]]. Three pairs of ribs were found associated with presacrals II-IV. The hind limbs are remarkably well-preserved and are slenderly built, with an approximate total length of 116 mm. Its hind feet have the [[Phalanx bone|phalangeal]] formula 2-2-3-4-3, with its fourth digit being the longest at 27 mm.<ref name=Gao/>
The skull is described as being short and wide and is well preserved. The [[maxilla]]ry region is less well-preserved but it can be determined that each [[premaxilla]] bears 18-20 slender and conical teeth, and the maxilla bears approximately 40-50 fine [[pedicellate teeth]]. The vertebral column consists of nine presacral vertebrae, a single sacral vertebra, and a free [[coccyx|urostyle]]. Three pairs of ribs were found associated with presacrals II-IV. The hind limbs are remarkably well-preserved and are slenderly built, with an approximate total length of 116&nbsp;mm. Its hind feet have the [[Phalanx bone|phalangeal]] formula 2-2-3-4-3, with its fourth digit being the longest at 27&nbsp;mm.<ref name=Gao/>


Before its description, ''Callobatrachus'' was announced in Chinese media as "sanyanlichan".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200111/20/eng20011120_84925.shtml |title=China Yields East Asia's Earliest Fossilized Frog |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |date=2001-11-20 |accessdate=2013-06-03}}</ref>
Before its description, ''Callobatrachus'' was announced in Chinese media as "sanyanlichan".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200111/20/eng20011120_84925.shtml |title=China Yields East Asia's Earliest Fossilized Frog |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |date=2001-11-20 |accessdate=2013-06-03}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
* [[List of prehistoric amphibians]]
* [[List of prehistoric amphibians]]


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==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
*[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200111/s420441.htm "Chinese frog discovery sheds light on amphibians' evolution"] from ABC News Online
*[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200111/s420441.htm "Chinese frog discovery sheds light on amphibians' evolution"] from ABC News Online

[[Category:Cretaceous amphibians]]
[[Category:Cretaceous amphibians]]
[[Category:Prehistoric amphibians]]
[[Category:Prehistoric amphibians]]

Revision as of 12:27, 1 June 2014

Callobatrachus
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 125 Ma
↓
Artist's reconstruction
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Discoglossidae
Genus: †Callobatrachus
Wang & Gao, 1999
Species:
†C. sanyanensis
Binomial name
†Callobatrachus sanyanensis
Wang & Gao, 1999

Callobatrachus is an extinct genus of discoglossoid anuran amphibian from the Early Cretaceous-age Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China.[1] It was described in 1999 by K. Gao of the American Museum of Natural History and Y. Wang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.[2] Discovered in the Sihetun locality of the western part of Liaoning province, in the lower part of the Yixian Formation, the fossil dates to approximately 124.6 Ma. Callobatrachus is considered to be the most basal member of Discoglossidae based on phylogenetic analysis.[1]

As frogs are rarely found as articulated skeletons in the fossil record, the discovery of this new taxon has provided important insight into anuran evolution.[3]

The holotype, IVPP V11525, is known from a nearly complete skeleton exposed in a dorsal view on a shale slab. Its total body length (from snout to vent) is estimated at approximately 94 mm.[4] It differs morphologically in many respects from all other discoglossoids, including the number of presacral vertebrae (9 instead of the usual 8) and other primitive characters. Although it had a mosaic of primitive and derived characters, it can be unequivocally placed as the most basal taxon of the clade. This shows that the taxon diverged early from the stem and evolved separately as a distinct lineage by the Early Cretaceous in East Asia.[1]

The skull is described as being short and wide and is well preserved. The maxillary region is less well-preserved but it can be determined that each premaxilla bears 18-20 slender and conical teeth, and the maxilla bears approximately 40-50 fine pedicellate teeth. The vertebral column consists of nine presacral vertebrae, a single sacral vertebra, and a free urostyle. Three pairs of ribs were found associated with presacrals II-IV. The hind limbs are remarkably well-preserved and are slenderly built, with an approximate total length of 116 mm. Its hind feet have the phalangeal formula 2-2-3-4-3, with its fourth digit being the longest at 27 mm.[4]

Before its description, Callobatrachus was announced in Chinese media as "sanyanlichan".[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Yuan, W.; Keqin, G.; Xing, X. (2000). "Early evolution of discoglossid frogs: new evidence from the Mesozoic of China". Naturwissenschaften. 87: 417–420. doi:10.1007/s001140050753.
  2. ^ Gao, Ke-Qin; Wang, Yuan (1999). "Earliest Asian discoglossid frog from western Liaoning". Chin Sci Bull. 44: 636–642.
  3. ^ Pan, Gu (1999). "New advance in fossil anuran study". Chinese Science Bulletin. 44 (7): 589.
  4. ^ a b Gao, Ke-Qin; Wang, Yuan (2001). "Mesozoic anurans from Liaoning Province, China, and phylogenetic relationships of archaeobatrachian anuran clades". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (3): 460–476.
  5. ^ "China Yields East Asia's Earliest Fossilized Frog". English.peopledaily.com.cn. 2001-11-20. Retrieved 2013-06-03.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Callobatrachus&oldid=611068974"