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{{Short description|British Army general (1896–1986)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
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|name= Sir Edmund Hakewill-Smith
|honorific_prefix=
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|name=Sir Edmund Hakewill-Smith
|honorific_suffix=
|birth_date=17 March 1896
|death_date=15 April 1986 (aged 90)
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|birth_place=[[Kimberley, Northern Cape]], [[South Africa]]
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|death_place=[[Kingston upon Thames]], [[Surrey]], [[England]]
|image=
|image=
|image_size=
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=
|caption=
|nickname=
|nickname=
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|allegiance={{flag|United Kingdom}}
|birth_date= {{birth date|1896|03|17|df=yes}}
|branch={{army|United Kingdom}}
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|birth_place= [[Kimberley, Northern Cape]], South Africa
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|serviceyears=1915–1949
|death_date= {{death date and age|1986|04|15|1896|03|17|df=yes}}
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|rank=[[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]]
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|death_place= [[Kingston upon Thames]], [[Surrey]], England
|commands=5th Battalion, [[Devonshire Regiment]]<br>4th/5th Battalion, [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]]<br>[[157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade|157th Infantry Brigade]]<br>[[155th (South Scottish) Brigade|155th Infantry Brigade]]<br>[[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]]
|placeofburial=
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|unit=[[Royal Scots Fusiliers]]
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|allegiance= United Kingdom
|battles=[[World War I]]<br>[[World War II]]
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|branch= [[British Army]]
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|awards=[[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]<br>[[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]]<br>[[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br>[[Distinguished Service Order]]<br>[[Order of St. Olav|Commander with Star of the Royal Order of St. Olav]]<br>[[Order of Orange-Nassau|Grand Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
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|serviceyears= 1915–1949
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|laterwork=
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|rank= [[Major general (United Kingdom)|Major General]]
|servicenumber= 13379
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|unit= [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]]
|commands= [[Lowland District]] (1946–48)<br/>[[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]] (1943–46)<br/>[[155th (South Scottish) Brigade|155th Infantry Brigade]] (1943)<br/>[[157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade|157th Infantry Brigade]] (1941–42)<br/>4th/5th Battalion, [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]] (1940–41)<br/>5th Battalion, [[Devonshire Regiment]] (1940)
|battles= [[First World War]]<br/>[[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]]<br/>[[Second World War]]
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|awards= [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]<br/>[[Companion of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br/>[[Military Cross]]<br/>[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (2)<br/>[[Order of St. Olav|Commander with Star of the Royal Order of St. Olav]] (Norway)<br/>[[Order of Orange-Nassau|Grand Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau]] (Netherlands)
|relations=
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|laterwork=
}}
}}
[[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] '''Sir Edmund Hakewill-Smith''' [[Royal Victorian Order|KCVO]] [[Order of the Bath|CB]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] [[Military Cross|MC]] (17 March 1896 – 15 April 1986) was a senior [[British Army]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] who served in both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]].
[[Major general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] '''Sir Edmund Hakewill-Smith''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|KCVO|CB|CBE|MC}} (17 March 1896 – 15 April 1986) was a senior [[British Army]] officer who served in both the [[First World War|First]] and [[Second World War]]s.


==Military career==
==Military career==
Hakewill-Smith was born in [[Kimberley, Northern Cape]], [[South Africa]], on 17 March 1896, he was educated at the Diocesan College ("Bishops") in Rondebosch, [[Cape Town]], South Africa and at the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], where he was [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] as a [[second lieutenant]] into the [[British Army]]'s [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]] on 16 June 1915, during [[World War I]]. He served on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] where he was wounded twice and, during the final [[Hundred Days Offensive]] in the latter half of 1918, and was awarded the [[Military Cross]].<ref name=lh>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/ha20-001.shtml Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]</ref>
Hakewill-Smith was born in [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]], [[Cape Colony]], on 17 March 1896. He was educated at the Diocesan College ("Bishops") in Rondebosch, [[Cape Town]], and, during the [[First World War]], he went to England to attend the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], where he was [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] as a [[second lieutenant]] into the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]], a [[line infantry]] regiment of the [[British Army]], on 16 June 1915.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29193|page=5759|date=15 June 1915}}</ref><ref name="Officers of the British Army">{{cite web|url=https://www.unithistories.com/officers/Army_officers_H01.html#Hakewill%20Smith_E|title=British Army officer histories|publisher=Unit Histories|access-date=2022-06-22}}</ref>{{sfn|Smart|2005|p=135}} He served with the 2nd (Regular) Battalion of his regiment on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], where he was wounded twice and, during the final [[Hundred Days Offensive]] in the latter half of 1918, was awarded the [[Military Cross]].<ref name=lh>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/ha20-001.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612014746/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/ha20-001.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2012 |title=Hakewill-Smith, Edmund|publisher=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives|accessdate=23 June 2020}}</ref> The citation for the award read:
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{{quote|For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during the nine miles' advance east of Ypres on 28th, 29th and 30th September, 1918. On the 28th he successfully filled a gap in the front line at a critical moment. On the 29th, when he was the only platoon officer left in his company, he took command of two platoons, and showed admirable coolness and determination in dealing with machine-gun nests, which were holding up the company on his right.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31158|date=1 February 1919|page=1692|supp=y}}</ref><ref name="Officers of the British Army" />}}


After the war he remained in the army and served with the British Military Mission to South Russia in 1920, and in 1921 he was [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland]] (Governor of [[Bengal]], [[British Raj|India]]).<ref name=lh/> He later served as an [[adjutant]] to the 2nd Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers between 1927–1930, and was a student at the [[Command and Staff College|Staff College, Quetta]] from 1932–1933. He later served on the staff of the [[War Office]] from 1934–1936.<ref name=lh/>
After the war Hakewill-Smith remained in the army and served with the British Military Mission to South Russia in 1920.<ref name="Officers of the British Army" />{{sfn|Smart|2005|p=135}} In 1921 he was [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland]] (Governor of [[Bengal]], [[British Raj|India]]).<ref name=lh/> He later served as an [[adjutant]] to the 2nd Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers between 1927 and 1930, and was a student at the [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Staff College, Quetta]] from 1932 to 1933.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33691|page=1204|date=20 February 1931}}</ref> He later served on the staff of the [[War Office]] from 1934 to 1936.<ref name=lh/><ref name="Officers of the British Army" />{{sfn|Smart|2005|p=135−136}}


During the [[World War II|Second World War]] Hakewill-Smith initially served as [[Commanding officer|Commanding Officer]] (CO) of the 5th Battalion, [[Devonshire Regiment]], for several months from May 1940 and from September that year, as the CO of the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, as an [[Acting (rank)|acting]] [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant colonel]]. He was promoted to temporary [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|brigadier]] on 30 March 1941, and commanded the [[157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade|157th Infantry Brigade]] until late March 1942. He then became Director of Organization at the War Office before assuming command of took the [[155th (South Scottish) Brigade|155th Infantry Brigade]] in mid-February 1943. In November 1943, promoted to temporary [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|major general]], he assumed command of the [[mountain warfare]]-trained [[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]] as its [[General officer commanding|General Officer Commanding]] (GOC).<ref>[http://www.generals.dk/general/Hakewill_Smith/Sir_Edmund/Great_Britain.html Generals.dk]</ref> He commanded the 52nd Division during the [[Western Front (World War II)|campaign in North-West Europe]], from October 1944 until May 1945.<ref name=lh/>
During the [[Second World War]], Hakewill-Smith served as [[Commanding Officer]] (CO) of the 5th Battalion, [[Devonshire Regiment]], for several months from May 1940 and, from September that year, as the CO of the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, as an [[Acting rank|acting]] [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant colonel]].<ref name="Officers of the British Army" /> He was promoted to temporary [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|brigadier]] on 30 March 1941, and commanded the [[157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade|157th Infantry Brigade]] until late March 1942, when he was promoted to the acting rank of major-general.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35505|page=1437|date=27 March 1942|supp=y}}</ref> He then became Director of Organization at the War Office, before assuming command of the [[155th (South Scottish) Brigade|155th Infantry Brigade]] in mid-February 1943. On 26 December, after his major-general's rank was made temporary,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36350|page=523|date=25 January 1944|supp=y}}</ref> he assumed command of the [[mountain warfare]]-trained [[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]] from Major General [[Neil Ritchie]] as its [[General Officer Commanding]] (GOC). He commanded the 52nd Division during the last few months of the [[Western Front (World War II)|campaign in North-West Europe]] from October 1944 until May 1945.<ref name=lh/>{{sfn|Smart|2005|p=136}}<ref name="Officers of the British Army" />


Hakewill-Smith was appointed a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1944 and a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] in 1945.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37161|page=3489|date=3 July 1945|supp=y}}</ref> He served as the [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Honorary Colonel]] of the Royal Scots Fusiliers from 1946 to 1957.<ref name=lh/>{{sfn|Smart|2005|p=136}}
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After the war, he commanded the [[Lowland District]] in Scotland before serving as President of the Military Court for [[War Crimes Trial]] of German [[Generalfeldmarschall|Field Marshal]] [[Albert Kesselring]]. He finally retired from the army in 1949.<ref name=lh/>


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After the war, Hakewill-Smith commanded the [[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division|Lowland District]] in Scotland before serving as President of the Military Court for War Crimes Trial of German [[Generalfeldmarschall|Field Marshal]] [[Albert Kesselring]]. He retired from the army in 1949.<ref name=lh/>{{sfn|Smart|2005|p=136}}
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Hakewill-Smith was awarded the [[Order of the Bath|CB]] (1944) and [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (1945), and also served as the [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Honorary Colonel]] of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (1946–1957). In addition, he served at [[Windsor Castle]] as a [[Military Knights of Windsor|Military Knight of Windsor]], later being appointed [[Lieutenant governor|Lieutenant Governor]] of the castle (1964–1972) and was created a [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] (KCVO) in 1967. He died in [[Kingston upon Thames]], [[Surrey]] in 1986 at the age of 90.<ref name=lh/>


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In addition, he served at [[Windsor Castle]] as a [[Military Knights of Windsor|Military Knight of Windsor]], later being appointed [[Lieutenant governor|Lieutenant Governor]] of the castle (1964–1972) and was created a [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] in 1967. He died in [[Kingston upon Thames]], [[Surrey]] in 1986 at the age of 90.<ref name=lh/>{{sfn|Smart|2005|p=136}}<ref name="Officers of the British Army" />
==Awards and decorations==
* [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] (10 June 1967)
* [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] (5 July 1945)
* [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (8 June 1944)
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* [[Military Cross]] (1 February 1919) "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during the nine miles' advance east of [[Ypres]] on 28th, -29th and 30th September, 1918. On the 28th he successfully filled a gap in the front line at a critical moment. On the 29th, when he was the only [[platoon]] officer left in his [[Company (military unit)|company]], he took command of two platoons, and showed admirable coolness and determination in dealing with machine-gun nests, which were holding up the company on his right."
* [[Distinguished Service Order]] (11 February 1943)
* [[Mentioned in dispatches|Mentioned in despatches]] twice (9 August 1945 and 4 April 1946)
* [[1914–15 Star]]
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* [[British War Medal]]
* [[Victory Medal (United Kingdom)|Victory Medal]]
* [[Order of St. Olav|Commander with Star of the Royal Order of St. Olav]] (Norway, 19 March 1948)
* [[Order of Orange-Nassau|Grand Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau]] (Netherlands, 14 November 1947)


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book| first=Nick| last=Smart| title=Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War| isbn=1844150496| year=2005| location=Barnesley| publisher=Pen & Sword}}
*{{cite book|first=Nick|last=Smart|title=Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War|isbn=1844150496|year=2005|location=[[Barnsley]]|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoiuGAAACAAJ}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.unithistories.com/officers/Army_officers_H01.html#Hakewill-Smith_E British Army Officers 1939–1945]
*[http://www.unithistories.com/officers/Army_officers_H01.html#Hakewill-Smith_E British Army Officers 1939–1945]
*[https://generals.dk/general/Hakewill_Smith/Edmund/Great_Britain.html Generals of World War II]
* [http://peek-01.livejournal.com/75912.html Major General Edmund Hakewill-Smith]
*[http://peek-01.livejournal.com/75912.html Major-General Edmund Hakewill-Smith]


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Neil Ritchie]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Neil Ritchie]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division|GOC 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]]|years=1943–1946}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division|GOC 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]]<br/><small>GOC Lowland District from 1946</small>|years=1943–1948}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Roy Urquhart|Robert Urquhart]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Roy Urquhart|Robert Urquhart]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-hon}}
{{s-hon}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard|The Lord Trenchard]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard|The Lord Trenchard]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Royal Scots Fusiliers|Honorary Colonel of the Royal Scots Fusiliers]]|years=1946–1957}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Royal Scots Fusiliers|Colonel of the Royal Scots Fusiliers]]|years=1946–1957}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Archibald Ian Buchanan-Dunlop|Archibald Buchanan-Dunlop]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Archibald Ian Buchanan-Dunlop|Archibald Buchanan-Dunlop]]}}
{{s-end}}
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[[Category:Military personnel from the Northern Cape]]

Latest revision as of 17:54, 26 August 2023

Sir Edmund Hakewill-Smith
Born(1896-03-17)17 March 1896
Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa
Died15 April 1986(1986-04-15) (aged 90)
Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army
Years of service1915–1949
RankMajor General
Service number13379
UnitRoyal Scots Fusiliers
Commands heldLowland District (1946–48)
52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division (1943–46)
155th Infantry Brigade (1943)
157th Infantry Brigade (1941–42)
4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers (1940–41)
5th Battalion, Devonshire Regiment (1940)
Battles/warsFirst World War
Russian Civil War
Second World War
AwardsKnight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Companion of the Order of the Bath
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Military Cross
Mentioned in Despatches (2)
Commander with Star of the Royal Order of St. Olav (Norway)
Grand Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands)

Major General Sir Edmund Hakewill-Smith, KCVO, CB, CBE, MC (17 March 1896 – 15 April 1986) was a senior British Army officer who served in both the First and Second World Wars.

Military career[edit]

Hakewill-Smith was born in Kimberley, Cape Colony, on 17 March 1896. He was educated at the Diocesan College ("Bishops") in Rondebosch, Cape Town, and, during the First World War, he went to England to attend the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Royal Scots Fusiliers, a line infantry regiment of the British Army, on 16 June 1915.[1][2][3] He served with the 2nd (Regular) Battalion of his regiment on the Western Front, where he was wounded twice and, during the final Hundred Days Offensive in the latter half of 1918, was awarded the Military Cross.[4] The citation for the award read:

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during the nine miles' advance east of Ypres on 28th, 29th and 30th September, 1918. On the 28th he successfully filled a gap in the front line at a critical moment. On the 29th, when he was the only platoon officer left in his company, he took command of two platoons, and showed admirable coolness and determination in dealing with machine-gun nests, which were holding up the company on his right.[5][2]

After the war Hakewill-Smith remained in the army and served with the British Military Mission to South Russia in 1920.[2][3] In 1921 he was aide-de-camp to Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland (Governor of Bengal, India).[4] He later served as an adjutant to the 2nd Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers between 1927 and 1930, and was a student at the Staff College, Quetta from 1932 to 1933.[6] He later served on the staff of the War Office from 1934 to 1936.[4][2][7]

During the Second World War, Hakewill-Smith served as Commanding Officer (CO) of the 5th Battalion, Devonshire Regiment, for several months from May 1940 and, from September that year, as the CO of the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, as an acting lieutenant colonel.[2] He was promoted to temporary brigadier on 30 March 1941, and commanded the 157th Infantry Brigade until late March 1942, when he was promoted to the acting rank of major-general.[8] He then became Director of Organization at the War Office, before assuming command of the 155th Infantry Brigade in mid-February 1943. On 26 December, after his major-general's rank was made temporary,[9] he assumed command of the mountain warfare-trained 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division from Major General Neil Ritchie as its General Officer Commanding (GOC). He commanded the 52nd Division during the last few months of the campaign in North-West Europe from October 1944 until May 1945.[4][10][2]

Hakewill-Smith was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1944 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1945.[11] He served as the Honorary Colonel of the Royal Scots Fusiliers from 1946 to 1957.[4][10]

After the war, Hakewill-Smith commanded the Lowland District in Scotland before serving as President of the Military Court for War Crimes Trial of German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring. He retired from the army in 1949.[4][10]

In addition, he served at Windsor Castle as a Military Knight of Windsor, later being appointed Lieutenant Governor of the castle (1964–1972) and was created a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1967. He died in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey in 1986 at the age of 90.[4][10][2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "No. 29193". The London Gazette. 15 June 1915. p. 5759.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "British Army officer histories". Unit Histories. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b Smart 2005, p. 135.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Hakewill-Smith, Edmund". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Archived from the original on 12 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  5. ^ "No. 31158". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 February 1919. p. 1692.
  6. ^ "No. 33691". The London Gazette. 20 February 1931. p. 1204.
  7. ^ Smart 2005, p. 135−136.
  8. ^ "No. 35505". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 March 1942. p. 1437.
  9. ^ "No. 36350". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 January 1944. p. 523.
  10. ^ a b c d Smart 2005, p. 136.
  11. ^ "No. 37161". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 July 1945. p. 3489.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

Military offices
Preceded by GOC 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division
GOC Lowland District from 1946
1943–1948 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Colonel of the Royal Scots Fusiliers
1946–1957 		Succeeded by
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