Statutory corporation and Murad V: Difference between pages
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[[Image:1840 1904 5murat.jpg|thumb|right|Murad V]] |
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{{Ottoman Succession box|Sultan_Name=Murad V|image_portrait=|Military=Decline of the Ottoman Empire |title=[[Ottoman Dynasty|Sultan]]|title2=[[Ottoman Caliphate|Caliph]]|before=[[Abdülaziz]]|after=[[Abdülhamid II]]|years=1876}} |
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A '''Statutory Corporation''' is a corporation created by [[statute]]. Their precise nature varies by jurisdiction thus they might be ordinary companies/corporations owned by a government with or without other shareholders, or they might be a body without shareholders which is controlled by national or sub-national government to the (in some cases minimal) extent provided for in the creating legislation. |
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Sultan '''Mehmed Murad V''' ([[September 21]], [[1840]]-[[August 29]], [[1904]]) ({{lang-ar|مراد الخامس}}) was the 33rd [[sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] who reigned from [[May 30]] to [[August 31]], [[1876]]. His father was [[Abdülmecid]]. |
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Murad became the Sultan when his uncle [[Abdülaziz]] was deposed. He was highly influenced by French culture. He reigned for 93 days before being deposed on the grounds that he was mentally ill.<ref name="vomit">Palmer, Alan. ''The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire'', 1992. Page 141-143.</ref> He failed to deliver the Constitution that his supporters had sought, and under his reign the country moved closer to the disastrous [[Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78|war with Russia]], then-ruled by [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]]. |
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Bodies described in the English language as "statutory corporations" exist in the following countries in accordance with the associated descriptions (where provided) :- |
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== Australia == |
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In Australia, statutory corporations are created by either state or national parliaments, and are created by statute. Current statutory corporations include [[Australia Post]], [[Airservices Australia]], the [[Australian Rail Track Corporation]] and the [[Australian Egg Corporation]]. The purpose of their separation from normal government operations is to ensure profitability, and in theory, independence of decision making from the state or national government (to ensure that decisions are made on a commercial basis with less or no political interference.) |
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Upon hearing that Abdülaziz had died, Murad fainted and after regaining consciousness vomited for a day and a half.<ref name="vomit"/> |
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As statutory corporations, their regulatory and business conditions may be significantly different from private-sector companies. An example of this in Australia is the regulatory conditions placed on the national communications company [[Telstra]]. |
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His brother, [[Abdul Hamid II]], ascended to the throne on August 31, 1876.<ref name="vomit"/> |
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A significant number of the statutory corporations are private commercial operations, a number of which have been privatised, in part or in whole, since the 1980s: these have included the national airline [[Qantas]], [[Telstra]] (also previously known as Telecom Australia), and the [[Commonwealth Bank of Australia]]. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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An example of a Statutory Corporation is a "[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassen%C3%A4rztliche_Vereinigung Kassenärztliche Vereinigung]", a body involved in the provision of out-patient medical services in a German state. |
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== India == |
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{{s-hou|[[Ottoman Dynasty|House of Osman]]||[[September 21]], [[1840]]||[[August 29]], [[1904]]}} |
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Statutory corporation are public enterprises into existence by a Special Act of the Parliament. The Act defines its powers and functions, rules and regulations governing its employees and its relationship with government departments. |
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{{s-reg|}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Abdülâziz]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Ottoman Dynasty#Heads of the House|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]]|years=[[May 30]], [[1876]] - Aug 31, 1876}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Abdulhamid II]]}} |
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{{s-rel|su}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Abdülâziz]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of caliphs|Caliph of Islam]]|years=[[May 30]], [[1876]] - Aug 31, 1876}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Abdulhamid II]]}} |
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{{end}} |
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{{Sultans of the Ottoman Empire}} |
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This is a corporate body created by the legislature with defined powers and functions and is financially independent with a clear control over a specified area or a particular type of commercial activity. It is a corporate person and has the capacity of acting in its own name. Statutory corporations therefore have the power of the government and considerable amount of operating flexibility of private enterprises. |
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[[Category:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire]] |
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== Ireland == |
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[[Category:Turkic rulers]] |
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{{main|State-sponsored bodies of the Republic of Ireland}} |
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[[Category:1840 births]] |
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In the [[Republic of Ireland]], a statutory corporation is a body corporate, which is created under a particular [[Act of the Oireachtas]], which is expected to operate as if it were a commercial company (with or without a [[subsidy]] from the [[Department of Finance | Exchequer]], depending on whether or not it would make a profit without one). Such bodies do not have [[shareholders]], but are typically boards appointed by a sponsor minister. The provisions of the Companies' Acts do not typically directly apply to such bodies, although their founding legislation may specify similar requirements. As they are not formally companies they do not make a [[profit]] or [[loss]], but rather a [[surplus]] or [[deficit]]. |
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[[Category:1904 deaths]] |
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{{MEast-royal-stub}} |
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The statutory corporation format was usually the form most [[state-sponsored bodies of the Republic of Ireland]] took until recent years, however usual policy today is that a [[private limited company by shares]] or [[public limited company]] incorporated under the Companies' Acts is set up instead, with the relevant Minister holding 100% of the issued share capital. Nonetheless [[as of 2007]] several promient statutory corporations continue to exist, such as [[Radio Telefís Éireann]], the [[Electricity Supply Board]], and [[Bord Gáis Éireann]] |
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{{Ottoman-stub}} |
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[[ar:مراد الخامس]] |
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== United Kingdom == |
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[[bs:Murat V]] |
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In the United Kingdom, a Statutory Corporation is a [[Body_corporate|corporate body]] created by statute. It typically has no shareholders and its powers are defined by the Act of Parliament which creates it, and may be modified by later legislation. Such bodies were often created to provide public services, examples including [[British Railways]], the [[National Coal Board]] and the [[General Post Office (United Kingdom)#GPO dissolved|Post Office Corporation]]. Other examples include the [[county council]]s, the [[National Assembly for Wales]]<ref>[[Government of Wales Act]] 1998, Section 1</ref> and the [[Olympic Delivery Authority]].<ref>[[London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006]]</ref> The phrase is not used to describe a company which operates as a conventional shareholder-owned company registered under the Companies Acts. |
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[[bg:Мурад V]] |
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[[ca:Murat V]] |
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== United States == |
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[[cs:Murad V.]] |
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At the state level, [[municipal corporation]]s and [[counties]] are often created by legislative acts. Some organizations such as a [[transit district]]s or special purpose corporations such as a [[university]], are also created by statute. In some states, a city or country can be created by petition of a certain number or percentage of voters or landholders of the affected area, which then causes a municipal corporation to be chartered as a result of compliance with the appropriate law. Corporations to be established for most other purposes are usually just incorporated as any other [[non-profit corporation]], by filing the paperwork with the appropriate agency as part of the formation of the entity. |
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[[de:Murad V.]] |
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[[el:Μουράτ Ε΄]] |
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At the Federal level, a small number of corporations are created by Congress. Prior to the District of Columbia being granted the ability to issue corporate charters in the late 1800s, corporations operating in the District required a [[congressional charter]]. With limited exceptions, most corporations created by Congress are not federally chartered, but are simply created as District of Columbia corporations as a result of the enabling law.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} |
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[[es:Murad V]] |
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[[eo:Murad la 5-a]] |
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There are a number of federally chartered corporations that still exist, some relatively famous ones include the [[Boy Scouts of America]], each of the [[Federal Reserve Bank]]s, and the [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]]. The basic advantage for being federally chartered is that no other corporation anywhere in the United States is allowed to have the same name. |
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[[fr:Murad V]] |
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[[hr:Murat V.]] |
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== References == |
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[[id:Murad V]] |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[it:Murad V]] |
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[[he:מורט החמישי]] |
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[[Category:Government institutions]] |
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[[ |
[[lv:Murads V]] |
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[[hu:V. Murád]] |
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[[mk:Мурат V]] |
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[[mr:मुराद पाचवा, ऑट्टोमन सम्राट]] |
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[[nl:Murat V]] |
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[[ja:ムラト5世]] |
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[[no:Murad V]] |
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[[pl:Murad V]] |
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[[pt:Murat V]] |
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[[ru:Мурад V]] |
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[[sr:Мурат V]] |
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[[sh:Murat V.]] |
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[[vi:Murad V]] |
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[[tr:V. Murat]] |
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[[zh:穆拉德五世]] |
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Revision as of 11:52, 10 October 2008
Template:Ottoman Succession box Sultan Mehmed Murad V (September 21, 1840-August 29, 1904) (Arabic: مراد الخامس) was the 33rd sultan of the Ottoman Empire who reigned from May 30 to August 31, 1876. His father was Abdülmecid.
Murad became the Sultan when his uncle Abdülaziz was deposed. He was highly influenced by French culture. He reigned for 93 days before being deposed on the grounds that he was mentally ill.[1] He failed to deliver the Constitution that his supporters had sought, and under his reign the country moved closer to the disastrous war with Russia, then-ruled by Alexander II.
Upon hearing that Abdülaziz had died, Murad fainted and after regaining consciousness vomited for a day and a half.[1]
His brother, Abdul Hamid II, ascended to the throne on August 31, 1876.[1]
References
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