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{{Short description|Eclipse-class cruiser}}
{{otherships|HMS Minerva}}
{{other ships|HMS Minerva}}
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|Ship image= [[File:HMS Minerva (1895).jpg|300px]]
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|Ship image= HMS Minerva (1895).jpg
|Ship caption=''Minerva'' at anchor shortly after her completion
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{{Infobox Ship Career
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|Ship country=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
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|Ship class={{sclass|Eclipse|cruiser}}
|Ship name=HMS ''Minerva''
|Ship name=HMS ''Minerva''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship namesake=[[Minerva]]
|Ship awarded=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Chatham Dockyard]]
|Ship builder=[[Chatham Dockyard]]
|Ship laid down= 4 December 1893<ref name="conways60 p78">Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 78.</ref>
|Ship laid down=4 December 1893
|Ship launched= 23 September 1895<ref name="conways60 p78"/>
|Ship launched=23 September 1895
|Ship christened=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship completed=4 February 1897
|Ship completed=4 February 1897<ref name="conways60 p78"/>
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|Ship captured=
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|Ship fate=Sold for [[ship breaking|scrap]], 5 October 1920
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate= Scrapped 1920
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
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}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Header caption=<ref name="conways60 p78"/>
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|Ship class={{sclass|Eclipse|cruiser|0}} [[protected cruiser]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|5600|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship displacement={{convert|5600|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|373|ft|m|abbr=on}} overall<br>{{convert|350|ft|m|abbr=on}} pp
|Ship length={{convert|350|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}
|Ship beam={{convert|53|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on|1}}
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|Ship beam={{convert|53|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|20|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|20|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=2 shafts, 2 [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Inverted triple-expansion steam engines]]
|Ship propulsion=2 Three-cylinder triple-expansion coal-fired steam engines<br />8 single-ended cylindrical boilers<ref name="jfsww1 p62">Moore 1990, p. 62.</ref><br/> {{convert|8000|ihp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}<br />2 shafts
|Ship speed={{convert|19.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}}
|Ship speed={{convert|18.5|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range=
|Ship range=
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|Ship power=*{{convert|9600|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}
|Ship endurance=
*8 cylindrical [[boiler (steam generator)|boiler]]s
|Ship boats=
|Ship complement=450
|Ship complement=450
|Ship sensors=
|Ship armament=*''As built:''
*5 × [[QF 6 inch Mk I - III naval gun|QF {{convert|6|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=3}} guns]]
|Ship EW=
*6 × [[QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV|QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns]]
|Ship armament=''As built:''<br/ >
• 5 × [[QF 6 inch Mk I - III naval gun|QF 6 in]] guns (5×1)<br/ >
*6 × [[QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder QF guns]]
• 6 × [[QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV|QF 4.7 in]] guns (6×1)<br/ >
*3 × [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch torpedo tubes]]
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*''After 1905:''
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• 8 × [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder QF]] guns<br/>
• 6 × 3-pounder QF guns (6×1)<br/ >
*11 × six-inch QF guns
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*9 × [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|{{convert|76|mm|abbr=on}}]] QF guns
• 2 × Machine guns<br/ >
*7 × 3-pounder QF guns
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• 3 × {{convert|18|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s<br/ >
*3 × 18-inch torpedo tubes
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''After 1905:''<br/ >
• 11 × {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} QF guns<br/ >
|Ship armour=*[[Gun shield]]s: {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
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*Engine hatch: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
• 9 × [[12-pounder gun]]s<ref name="Brassey12 p190">Hythe 1912, p. 190.</ref><br/ >
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]s: {{convert|1.5|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
• 1 × 3 3-pounder gun<ref name="Brassey12 p190"/>
• 3 × {{convert|18|in|mm|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes
*[[Conning tower]]: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
|Ship armour=• Gun shields: {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br/ >• Engine hatch: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br/ >• Decks: {{convert|1.5|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br/ >• Conning tower: {{convert|6|-|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
|Ship aircraft=
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'''HMS ''Minerva''''' was a second class [[protected cruiser]] of the [[Eclipse class cruiser|''Eclipse'' class]].


'''HMS ''Minerva''''' was an {{sclass|Eclipse|cruiser|0}} [[protected cruiser]] built for the [[Royal Navy]] in the mid-1890s.
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''Minerva'' was laid down at [[Chatham Dockyard]], [[Kent]], on December 4, 1893, and was floated out on September 23, 1895.<ref>''[[The Times]] (London)'', Tuesday, September 24, 1895, p.8</ref> She was scrapped in 1920.


==Operational history==
==Construction and operational history==
⚫
The ship was laid down at [[Chatham Dockyard]], [[Kent]], on 4 December 1893, and was floated out on 23 September 1895.<ref>''[[The Times]] (London)'', Tuesday, 24 September 1895, p. 8</ref>
⚫
''Minerva'' was used in 1902 for a series of trials to compare her cylindrical boilers with the [[Belleville boiler]]s of [[HMS Hyacinth (1898)|HMS ''Hyacinth'']], with the performance of the boilers being compared at various powers in tests in the [[English Channel]], followed by long sea runs to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and back. While the Belleville [[water-tube boiler]]s of ''Hyacinth'' proved to be more efficient than ''Minerva''{{'}}s cylindrical boilers, and lighter, but on the long runs to and from the Mediterranean, ''Hyacinth''{{'}}s boilers proved prone to leaks, and suffered a burst boiler tube.<ref name="Brassey02 p165-73">Brassey 1902, pp. 165–173.</ref> The results of these and similar trials led to the use of Belleville boilers in new construction to be stopped.<ref name="war p165">Brown 2003, p. 165.</ref>

===Pre-1914===
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HMS ''Minerva'' served in the [[Channel Squadron]] after her launch. She again served in the Channel Squadron from March 1901,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=22 March 1901 |page=11 |issue=36409| }}</ref> including as [[guard ship]] at [[Cowes]] in early 1902.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} . At the 1901 Census of England and Wales she was recorded as being at Gibraltar with the Training Squadron.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C10981003|title=The Discovery Service|last=Archives|first=The National|website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-08-27}}</ref> She was used in the spring of 1902 for a series of trials to compare her cylindrical boilers with the [[Belleville boiler]]s of [[HMS Hyacinth (1898)|HMS ''Hyacinth'']], with the performance of the boilers being compared at various powers in tests in the [[English Channel]], followed by long sea runs to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and back. While the Belleville [[water-tube boiler]]s of ''Hyacinth'' proved to be more efficient than ''Minerva''{{'}}s cylindrical boilers, and lighter, but on the long runs to and from the Mediterranean, ''Hyacinth''{{'}}s boilers proved prone to leaks, and suffered a burst boiler tube.<ref name="Brassey02 p165-73">Brassey 1902, pp. 165–173.</ref> The results of these and similar trials led to the use of Belleville boilers in new construction to be stopped.<ref name="war p165">Brown 2003, p. 165.</ref>

She took part in the [[Fleet review (Commonwealth realms)|fleet review]] held at [[Spithead]] on 16 August 1902 for the [[Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra|coronation]] of King [[Edward VII]],<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Coronation - Naval Review |date=13 August 1902 |page=4 |issue=36845| }}</ref> and visited the [[Aegean Sea]] with other ships of the Channel squadron and [[Mediterranean Fleet]] for combined manoeuvres in September and early October 1902,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=23 September 1902 |page=8 |issue=36880| }}</ref> returning to Chatham on 20 October. Captain [[Doveton Sturdee]] was appointed in command on 17 October 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=21 October 1902 |page=5 |issue=36904}}</ref>


The ship was present at the relief operations in [[Sicily]] after the [[1908 Messina earthquake|great earthquake and tsunami]] in the [[Strait of Messina]], 28 December 1908. The crew qualified for the ''Medal of Merit for Participation in the Relief of the Earthquake in Calabria and Sicily'', instituted by the King of Italy [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele III]].<ref>[http://www.northeastmedals.co.uk/britishguide/colonial/messina_earthquake_awards.htm "Awards granted for service after the Messina Earthquake 1908"]. ''North East Medals''. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</ref>
The ship was present at the relief operations in [[Sicily]] after the [[1908 Messina earthquake|great earthquake and tsunami]] in the [[Strait of Messina]], 28 December 1908. The crew qualified for the ''Medal of Merit for Participation in the Relief of the Earthquake in Calabria and Sicily'', instituted by the King of Italy [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele III]].<ref>[http://www.northeastmedals.co.uk/britishguide/colonial/messina_earthquake_awards.htm "Awards granted for service after the Messina Earthquake 1908"]. ''North East Medals''. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</ref>


''Minerva'' transferred from the Mediterranean to the United Kingdom in 1912, taking part in the rescue attempts when the submarine [[HMS B2]] was sunk in a collision in October 1912.<ref name="Conways06 p15">Gardiner and Gray 1980, p. 15.</ref>
''Minerva'' transferred from the Mediterranean to the United Kingdom in 1912, taking part in the rescue attempts when the submarine {{HMS|B2}} was sunk in a collision in October 1912.<ref name="Conways06 p15">Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 15.</ref>


== References ==
===First World War===
[[File:Protected cruiser HMS Minerva - IWM Q 75387.jpg|thumb|'' Minerva'' in WWI]]
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{{reflist}}
On the outbreak of the [[First World War]] in August 1914, ''Minerva'' was part of the 11th Cruiser Squadron based in Ireland, but was detached to join the 5th Cruiser Squadron in September, with the responsibility of intercepting enemy merchant shipping trying to return to Germany or Austria. During these operations it captured and scuttled the Austrian merchant ship ''Bathori'' off [[Vigo]], in North-West Spain on 3 September 1914.<ref name="Conways06 p15"/><ref name="HoW">Rickard, J. [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_HMS_Minerva.html "HMS Minerva"]. ''historyofwar.org''. 11 November 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=I. Steamers: (i) Sunk by Warships or Mines |journal=Lloyds Register of Shipping: Returns of Vessels Totally Lost, Condemned, &c. |date=1 July – 30 September 1914 |page= 9 |url=https://info.lr.org/l/12702/2018-04-12/4t3ghy/12702/182048/1914.pdf |accessdate=12 April 2020 |via=Lloyd's Register Foundation }}</ref>


''Minerva'' escorted a troop convoy from Britain to [[Egypt]] in November 1914, and formed part of the Allied naval forces supporting the [[Gallipoli Campaign]]. When the Turkish [[torpedo-boat]] [[Demirhisar (torpedo boat)|''Demirhisar'']] attempted to attack Allied troop ships near [[Chios]] on 16 April 1915, ''Minerva'', together with the destroyers [[HMS Jed (1904)|''Jed'']], [[HMS Kennet (1903)|''Kennet'']] and [[HMS Wear (1905)|''Wear'']], forced ''Demirhisar'' to run aground, where the Turkish torpedo boat was later destroyed.<ref name="HoW"/><ref name="Conways06 p15"/><ref name="Conways06 p392">Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 392.</ref> ''Minerva'' supported the [[landing at Cape Helles]] in April and at [[Landing at Suvla Bay|Suvla Bay]] in August.<ref name="HoW"/>

''Minerva'' was deployed to the [[China Station]] in 1916, and then to the [[Indian Ocean]] and [[Red Sea]] in 1917, then remaining off East Africa until the end of the war. She returned to [[Cobh|Queenstown, Ireland]] in 1920, and was sold for scrapping on 5 October 1920.<ref name="Conways06 p14-5">Gardiner and Gray 1985, pp. 14–15.</ref>

==Footnotes==
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{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* Brassey, T. A. ''The Naval Annual 1902''. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co, 1902.
* Brassey, T. A. ''The Naval Annual 1902''. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co, 1902.
* Brown, D. K. ''Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905''. . London: Caxton Editions, 2003. ISBN 1 84067 5292.
* Brown, D. K. ''Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905''. . London: Caxton Editions, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84067-529-2}}.
*Chesneau, Roger and Eugene M. Kolesnik. ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905''. London: Conway's Maritime Press, 1979. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
* Chesneau, Roger and Eugene M. Kolesnik. ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905''. London: Conway's Maritime Press, 1979. {{ISBN|0-85177-133-5}}.
⚫
* Gardiner, Robert and Randal Gray, (eds). ''Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921.'' London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0-85177-245-5}}.
*Hythe, Viscount. ''The Naval Annual 1912''. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin, 1912.
* Hythe, Viscount. ''The Naval Annual 1912''. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin, 1912.
⚫
*Gardiner, Robert and Roger Chesneau (eds.) ''Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946'' London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980. ISBN 0 85177 146 7.
* {{cite book|last=McBride|first=Keith|title=Warship 2012|editor=John Jordan|publisher=Conway|location=London|date=2012|pages=136–41|chapter=The Cruiser Family Talbot |isbn=978-1-84486-156-9}}
*Moore, John. ''Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I''. London:Studio, 1990. ISBN 1 85170 378 0.
*Moore, John. ''Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I''. London:Studio, 1990. {{ISBN|1 85170 378 0}}.


==Further reading==
*{{cite magazine|title=The Boiler Trials of H.M.S. "Hyacinth" and H.M.S. "Minerva"|magazine=[[Engineering (magazine)|Engineering]]|date=30 August 1901|pages=283–285|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/images/d/d2/Eg19010830.pdf#9}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|HMS Minerva (ship, 1895)}}

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{{Eclipse class cruiser}}
{{Eclipse class cruiser}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Minerva}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minerva}}
[[Category:Eclipse class cruisers]]
[[Category:Eclipse-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Chatham-built ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Chatham]]
[[Category:1895 ships]]
[[Category:1895 ships]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom]]


{{UK-mil-ship-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:59, 7 January 2024

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Minerva.

Minerva at anchor shortly after her completion
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Minerva
NamesakeMinerva
BuilderChatham Dockyard
Laid down4 December 1893
Launched23 September 1895
Completed4 February 1897
FateSold for scrap, 5 October 1920
General characteristics
Class and typeEclipse-class protected cruiser
Displacement5,600 long tons (5,690 t)
Length350 ft (106.7 m)
Beam53 ft 6 in (16.3 m)
Draught20 ft 6 in (6.25 m)
Installed power
Propulsion2 shafts, 2 Inverted triple-expansion steam engines
Speed18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph)
Complement450
Armament
Armour

HMS Minerva was an Eclipse-class protected cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1890s.

Construction and operational history[edit]

The ship was laid down at Chatham Dockyard, Kent, on 4 December 1893, and was floated out on 23 September 1895.[1]

Pre-1914[edit]

HMS Minerva served in the Channel Squadron after her launch. She again served in the Channel Squadron from March 1901,[2] including as guard ship at Cowes in early 1902.[citation needed] . At the 1901 Census of England and Wales she was recorded as being at Gibraltar with the Training Squadron.[3] She was used in the spring of 1902 for a series of trials to compare her cylindrical boilers with the Belleville boilers of HMS Hyacinth, with the performance of the boilers being compared at various powers in tests in the English Channel, followed by long sea runs to the Mediterranean Sea and back. While the Belleville water-tube boilers of Hyacinth proved to be more efficient than Minerva's cylindrical boilers, and lighter, but on the long runs to and from the Mediterranean, Hyacinth's boilers proved prone to leaks, and suffered a burst boiler tube.[4] The results of these and similar trials led to the use of Belleville boilers in new construction to be stopped.[5]

She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII,[6] and visited the Aegean Sea with other ships of the Channel squadron and Mediterranean Fleet for combined manoeuvres in September and early October 1902,[7] returning to Chatham on 20 October. Captain Doveton Sturdee was appointed in command on 17 October 1902.[8]

The ship was present at the relief operations in Sicily after the great earthquake and tsunami in the Strait of Messina, 28 December 1908. The crew qualified for the Medal of Merit for Participation in the Relief of the Earthquake in Calabria and Sicily, instituted by the King of Italy Vittorio Emanuele III.[9]

Minerva transferred from the Mediterranean to the United Kingdom in 1912, taking part in the rescue attempts when the submarine HMS B2 was sunk in a collision in October 1912.[10]

First World War[edit]

Minerva in WWI

On the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Minerva was part of the 11th Cruiser Squadron based in Ireland, but was detached to join the 5th Cruiser Squadron in September, with the responsibility of intercepting enemy merchant shipping trying to return to Germany or Austria. During these operations it captured and scuttled the Austrian merchant ship Bathori off Vigo, in North-West Spain on 3 September 1914.[10][11][12]

Minerva escorted a troop convoy from Britain to Egypt in November 1914, and formed part of the Allied naval forces supporting the Gallipoli Campaign. When the Turkish torpedo-boat Demirhisar attempted to attack Allied troop ships near Chios on 16 April 1915, Minerva, together with the destroyers Jed, Kennet and Wear, forced Demirhisar to run aground, where the Turkish torpedo boat was later destroyed.[11][10][13] Minerva supported the landing at Cape Helles in April and at Suvla Bay in August.[11]

Minerva was deployed to the China Station in 1916, and then to the Indian Ocean and Red Sea in 1917, then remaining off East Africa until the end of the war. She returned to Queenstown, Ireland in 1920, and was sold for scrapping on 5 October 1920.[14]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ The Times (London), Tuesday, 24 September 1895, p. 8
  2. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36409. London. 22 March 1901. p. 11.
  3. ^ Archives, The National. "The Discovery Service". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  4. ^ Brassey 1902, pp. 165–173.
  5. ^ Brown 2003, p. 165.
  6. ^ "The Coronation - Naval Review". The Times. No. 36845. London. 13 August 1902. p. 4.
  7. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36880. London. 23 September 1902. p. 8.
  8. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36904. London. 21 October 1902. p. 5.
  9. ^ "Awards granted for service after the Messina Earthquake 1908". North East Medals. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  10. ^ a b c Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 15.
  11. ^ a b c Rickard, J. "HMS Minerva". historyofwar.org. 11 November 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  12. ^ "I. Steamers: (i) Sunk by Warships or Mines" (PDF). Lloyds Register of Shipping: Returns of Vessels Totally Lost, Condemned, &c. 1 July – 30 September 1914. p. 9. Retrieved 12 April 2020 – via Lloyd's Register Foundation.
  13. ^ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 392.
  14. ^ Gardiner and Gray 1985, pp. 14–15.

References[edit]

  • Brassey, T. A. The Naval Annual 1902. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co, 1902.
  • Brown, D. K. Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905. . London: Caxton Editions, 2003. ISBN 1-84067-529-2.
  • Chesneau, Roger and Eugene M. Kolesnik. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway's Maritime Press, 1979. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
  • Gardiner, Robert and Randal Gray, (eds). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Hythe, Viscount. The Naval Annual 1912. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin, 1912.
  • McBride, Keith (2012). "The Cruiser Family Talbot". In John Jordan (ed.). Warship 2012. London: Conway. pp. 136–41. ISBN 978-1-84486-156-9.
  • Moore, John. Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I. London:Studio, 1990. ISBN 1 85170 378 0.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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