Haunani-Kay Trask: Difference between revisions

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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|07|03|1949|10|03}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|07|03|1949|10|03}}
| death_place = [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaiʻi]], United States
| death_place = [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaiʻi]], United States
| alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] <small>(BA, MA, PhD)<small>
| alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] <small>(BA, MA, PhD)</small>
| occupation = Activist, educator, author, poet
| occupation = Activist, educator, author, poet
| years_active =
| years_active =
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| notable_works =
| notable_works =
| partner = [[David Stannard]]
| partner = [[David Stannard]]
| relatives = [[Mililani B. Trask]] (sister)
| relatives = [[Mililani B. Trask]] (sister)<br>[[David K. Trask Jr.]] (uncle)
}}
}}


'''Haunani-Kay Trask''' (October 3, 1949 – July 3, 2021) was a Native Hawaiian activist, educator, author, poet, and a leader of the [[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]]. She was professor [[emeritus]] at the [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]], where she founded and directed the Kamakakūokalani Center for [[Hawaiian studies|Hawaiian Studies]]. A published author, Trask wrote scholarly books and articles, as well as poetry. She also produced documentaries and CDs. Trask received awards and recognition for her scholarship and activism, both during her life and posthumously.
'''Haunani-Kay Trask''' (October 3, 1949 – July 3, 2021) was a Native Hawaiian activist, educator, author, poet, and a leader of the [[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]]. She was professor [[Emeritus|emerita]] at the [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]], where she founded and directed the Kamakakūokalani Center for [[Hawaiian studies|Hawaiian Studies]]. A published author, Trask wrote scholarly books and articles, as well as poetry. She also produced documentaries and CDs. Trask received awards and recognition for her scholarship and activism, both during her life and posthumously.


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==


Trask was born to Haunani and Bernard Trask.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Wong-Wilson|first1=Noe Noe|last2=Trask|first2=Mililani|date=2005|title=A Conversation with Mililani Trask|url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/13839/1/v17n1-142-156-dialogue.pdf|journal=[[The Contemporary Pacific]]|language=en|volume=17|issue=1|pages=142–156|doi=10.1353/cp.2005.0034|issn=1527-9464|hdl-access=free|hdl=10125/13839|s2cid=154177647 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last1=Ladao|first1=Mark|last2=Boylan|first2=Peter|date=July 4, 2021|title=Activist, retired University of Hawaii professor Haunani-Kay Trask fought for Hawaiian rights, causes|url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2021/07/04/hawaii-news/activist-retired-university-of-hawaii-professor-haunani-kay-trask-fought-for-hawaiian-rights-causes/|url-status=live|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser]]|language=en-US}}</ref> She was born in [[San Francisco]], [[California]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/us/haunani-kay-trask-dead.html|title=Haunani-Kay Trask, Champion of Native Rights in Hawaii, Dies at 71|newspaper=The New York Times|last=Williams|first=Annabelle|date=July 9, 2021}}</ref> and grew up on the [[Koʻolau Range|Ko{{okina}}olau]] side of the island of [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] in [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=From a Native Daughter : Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaiʻi|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-585-25766-2|location=Honolulu|pages=|edition=Revised}}</ref>
Trask was born to Haunani and Bernard Trask.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Wong-Wilson|first1=Noe Noe|last2=Trask|first2=Mililani|date=2005|title=A Conversation with Mililani Trask|url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/13839/1/v17n1-142-156-dialogue.pdf|journal=[[The Contemporary Pacific]]|language=en|volume=17|issue=1|pages=142–156|doi=10.1353/cp.2005.0034|issn=1527-9464|hdl-access=free|hdl=10125/13839|s2cid=154177647 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last1=Ladao|first1=Mark|last2=Boylan|first2=Peter|date=July 4, 2021|title=Activist, retired University of Hawaii professor Haunani-Kay Trask fought for Hawaiian rights, causes|url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2021/07/04/hawaii-news/activist-retired-university-of-hawaii-professor-haunani-kay-trask-fought-for-hawaiian-rights-causes/|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser]]|language=en-US}}</ref> She was born in [[San Francisco]], [[California]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/us/haunani-kay-trask-dead.html|title=Haunani-Kay Trask, Champion of Native Rights in Hawaii, Dies at 71|newspaper=The New York Times|last=Williams|first=Annabelle|date=July 9, 2021}}</ref> and grew up on the [[Koʻolau Range|Ko{{okina}}olau]] side of the island of [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] in [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=From a Native Daughter : Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaiʻi|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-585-25766-2|location=Honolulu|pages=|edition=Revised}}</ref>


Trask graduated from [[Kamehameha Schools]] in 1967.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Watson|first=Trisha Kehaulani|date=July 4, 2021|title=Trisha Kehaulani Watson: The Passing Of Haunani-Kay Trask And The Uplifting Of A Nation|url=https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/07/trisha-kehaulani-watson-the-passing-of-haunani-kay-trask-and-the-uplifting-of-a-nation/|url-status=live|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Honolulu Civil Beat]]|language=en}}</ref> She attended the [[University of Chicago]], but transferred to the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]<ref name=":032">{{Cite journal |last=Trask |first=Haunani-Kay |date=1996 |title=Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism |journal=[[Signs (journal)|Signs]] |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=906–916 |doi=10.1086/495125 |jstor=3175028 |s2cid=145195430}}</ref> to complete her bachelor's degree in 1972, master's degree in 1975, and Ph.D. in [[political science]] in 1981.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=2018-19 Catalog: Emeriti Faculty |url=http://www.catalog.hawaii.edu/personnel/emeriti/t.htm |url-status=live |access-date=July 5, 2021 |publisher=University of Hawai'i at Manoa}}</ref> Her dissertation was published into a book, ''Eros and Power: The Promise of Feminist Theory'', by the [[University of Pennsylvania Press]] in 1986.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246506985|title=Eros and power: the promise of feminist theory.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0-8122-1219-8|location=Philadelphia|language=English|oclc=246506985}}</ref>
Trask graduated from [[Kamehameha Schools]] in 1967.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Watson|first=Trisha Kehaulani|date=July 4, 2021|title=Trisha Kehaulani Watson: The Passing Of Haunani-Kay Trask And The Uplifting Of A Nation|url=https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/07/trisha-kehaulani-watson-the-passing-of-haunani-kay-trask-and-the-uplifting-of-a-nation/|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Honolulu Civil Beat]]|language=en}}</ref> She attended the [[University of Chicago]], but transferred to the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]<ref name=":032">{{Cite journal |last=Trask |first=Haunani-Kay |date=1996 |title=Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism |journal=[[Signs (journal)|Signs]] |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=906–916 |doi=10.1086/495125 |jstor=3175028 |s2cid=145195430}}</ref> to complete her bachelor's degree in 1972, master's degree in 1975, and Ph.D. in [[political science]] in 1981.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=2018-19 Catalog: Emeriti Faculty |url=http://www.catalog.hawaii.edu/personnel/emeriti/t.htm |access-date=July 5, 2021 |publisher=University of Hawai'i at Manoa}}</ref> Her dissertation was published into a book, ''Eros and Power: The Promise of Feminist Theory'', by the [[University of Pennsylvania Press]] in 1986.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246506985|title=Eros and power: the promise of feminist theory.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0-8122-1219-8|location=Philadelphia|language=English|oclc=246506985}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
Trask founded the Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Ako|first=Diane|date=July 3, 2021|title=Hawaiian activist, scholar, poet, Haunani-Kay Trask dies at age 71|url=https://www.kitv.com/story/44236732/hawaiian-activist-scholar-poet-haunanikay-trask-dies-at-age-71|url-status=live|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[KITV]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last1=Franklin|first1=Cynthia G.|last2=Lyons|first2=Laura E.|date=June 25, 2004|title=Land, Leadership, and Nation: Haunani-Kay Trask on the Testimonial Uses of Life Writing in Hawaiʻi|journal=Biography|language=en|volume=27|issue=1|pages=222–249|doi=10.1353/bio.2004.0032|issn=1529-1456|s2cid=162376042}}</ref> The center emerged as an evolution of the university’s [[American studies|American Studies]] program after Trask “charged the department with sex and race discrimination.”<ref name=":14">Fujikane, Candace. “In Memoriam: Dr. Haunani-Kay Trask.” ''Journal of Asian American Studies'', vol. 25, no. 1, Feb. 2022, pp. 131–39, {{doi|10.1353/jaas.2022.0010}}.</ref> Trask protested the American Studies curriculum’s lack of racial, ideological, and gender diversity.<ref name=":14" /> She served as the center's director for almost ten years and was one of its first tenured faculty members.<ref name=":13" /> Trask helped secure the building of the [[Gladys Kamakakuokalani Brandt|Gladys Brandt]] Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies, the permanent center for Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.<ref name=":13" /> In 2010, Trask retired from her director position but continued teaching native political movements in Hawai{{okina}}i and the Pacific, the literature and politics of Pacific Islander women, Hawaiian history and politics, and third world and indigenous history and politics as an emeritus faculty member.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2018-19 University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Catalog Hawaiʻinuiakea School of Hawaiian Knowledge Kamakakūokalani|url=http://www.catalog.hawaii.edu/schoolscolleges/hawaiian/kamakakuokalani.htm|access-date=November 6, 2018|website=www.catalog.hawaii.edu|language=en-US}}</ref>
Trask founded the Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Ako|first=Diane|date=July 3, 2021|title=Hawaiian activist, scholar, poet, Haunani-Kay Trask dies at age 71|url=https://www.kitv.com/story/44236732/hawaiian-activist-scholar-poet-haunanikay-trask-dies-at-age-71|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[KITV]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last1=Franklin|first1=Cynthia G.|last2=Lyons|first2=Laura E.|date=June 25, 2004|title=Land, Leadership, and Nation: Haunani-Kay Trask on the Testimonial Uses of Life Writing in Hawaiʻi|journal=Biography|language=en|volume=27|issue=1|pages=222–249|doi=10.1353/bio.2004.0032|issn=1529-1456|s2cid=162376042}}</ref> The center emerged as an evolution of the university’s [[American studies|American Studies]] program after Trask “charged the department with sex and race discrimination.”<ref name=":14">Fujikane, Candace. “In Memoriam: Dr. Haunani-Kay Trask.” ''Journal of Asian American Studies'', vol. 25, no. 1, Feb. 2022, pp. 131–39, {{doi|10.1353/jaas.2022.0010}}.</ref> Trask protested the American Studies curriculum’s lack of racial, ideological, and gender diversity.<ref name=":14" /> She served as the center's director for almost ten years and was one of its first tenured faculty members.<ref name=":13" /> Trask helped secure the building of the [[Gladys Kamakakuokalani Brandt|Gladys Brandt]] Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies, the permanent center for Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.<ref name=":13" /> In 2010, Trask retired from her director position but continued teaching native political movements in Hawai{{okina}}i and the Pacific, the literature and politics of Pacific Islander women, Hawaiian history and politics, and third world and indigenous history and politics as an emeritus faculty member.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2018-19 University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Catalog Hawaiʻinuiakea School of Hawaiian Knowledge Kamakakūokalani|url=http://www.catalog.hawaii.edu/schoolscolleges/hawaiian/kamakakuokalani.htm|access-date=November 6, 2018|website=www.catalog.hawaii.edu|language=en-US}}</ref>


Trask hosted and produced ''First Friday'', a monthly [[public-access television]] program started in 1986 to highlight political and cultural Hawaiian issues.<ref name=":13" /> Trask co-wrote and co-produced the award-winning 1993 documentary ''Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation.''<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation {{!}} ITVS|language=en|url=https://itvs.org/films/act-of-war|access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref> She also wrote the 1993 book ''From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawai{{okina}}i'', which has been described by [[Cynthia G. Franklin]] and Laura E. Lyons as a "foundational text" about indigenous rights.<ref name=":13" /> Trask published two books of poetry, the 1994 ''Light in the Crevice Never Seen'' and the 2002 ''Night Is a Sharkskin Drum.<ref name=":13" />'' Trask developed ''We Are Not Happy Natives,'' a [[Compact disc|CD]] published in 2002 about the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.''<ref name=":13" />''
Trask hosted and produced ''First Friday'', a monthly [[public-access television]] program started in 1986 to highlight political and cultural Hawaiian issues.<ref name=":13" /> Trask co-wrote and co-produced the award-winning 1993 documentary ''Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation.''<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation {{!}} ITVS|language=en|url=https://itvs.org/films/act-of-war|access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref> She also wrote the 1993 book ''From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawai{{okina}}i'', which has been described by [[Cynthia G. Franklin]] and Laura E. Lyons as a "foundational text" about indigenous rights.<ref name=":13" /> Trask published two books of poetry, the 1994 ''Light in the Crevice Never Seen'' and the 2002 ''Night Is a Sharkskin Drum.<ref name=":13" />'' Trask developed ''We Are Not Happy Natives,'' a [[Compact disc|CD]] published in 2002 about the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.''<ref name=":13" />''
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=== Awards and recognitions ===
=== Awards and recognitions ===
In 1991, Trask was named “Islander of the Year” by ''[[Honolulu (magazine)|Honolulu Magazine]]'' and one of ten Pacific women of the year by ''Pacific Islands Monthly Magazine''.<ref name=":62" /> In 1994, she was awarded the [[Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award|Gustavus Myers Award]] for her 1993 book ''From a Native Daughter''.<ref name=":62" /> In March 2017, ''Hawai{{okina}}i Magazine'' recognized Trask as one of the most influential women in Hawaiian history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dekneef |first=Matthew |date=March 8, 2017 |title=15 extraordinary Hawaiʻi women who inspire us all |language=en |work=Hawaiʻi Magazine |url=https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/content/15-extraordinary-hawaii-women-who-inspire-us-all |access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> In 2019, Trask was posthumously awarded the “[[Angela Davis|Angela Y. Davis]] Prize” from the [[American Studies Association]] in recognition of her application of her “scholarship for the public good.”<ref>''Haunani-Kay Trask Receives the 2019 Angela Y. Davis Prize From the American Studies Association''. Women in Academia Report, 21 Nov. 2019.</ref>
In 1991, Trask was named “Islander of the Year” by ''[[Honolulu (magazine)|Honolulu Magazine]]'' and one of ten Pacific women of the year by ''Pacific Islands Monthly Magazine''.<ref name=":62" /> In 1994, she was awarded the [[Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award|Gustavus Myers Award]] for her 1993 book ''From a Native Daughter''.<ref name=":62" /> In March 2017, ''Hawai{{okina}}i Magazine'' recognized Trask as one of the most influential women in Hawaiian history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dekneef |first=Matthew |date=March 8, 2017 |title=15 extraordinary Hawaiʻi women who inspire us all |language=en |work=Hawaiʻi Magazine |url=https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/content/15-extraordinary-hawaii-women-who-inspire-us-all |access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> In 2019, Trask was awarded the “[[Angela Davis|Angela Y. Davis]] Prize” from the [[American Studies Association]] in recognition of her application of her “scholarship for the public good.”<ref>''Haunani-Kay Trask Receives the 2019 Angela Y. Davis Prize From the American Studies Association''. Women in Academia Report, 21 Nov. 2019.</ref>


== Political beliefs ==
== Political beliefs ==
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While earning her undergraduate degree in [[Chicago]], Trask learned about and became an active supporter of the [[Black Panther Party]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} While studying at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], Trask also participated in [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War#Students|student protests against the Vietnam War]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} Trask later wrote about how these experiences as a graduate student helped develop her theories about how [[capitalism]] and [[racism]] sustained each other.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
While earning her undergraduate degree in [[Chicago]], Trask learned about and became an active supporter of the [[Black Panther Party]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} While studying at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], Trask also participated in [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War#Students|student protests against the Vietnam War]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} Trask later wrote about how these experiences as a graduate student helped develop her theories about how [[capitalism]] and [[racism]] sustained each other.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}


During her graduate study on politics, Trask began to engage in feminist studies and considered herself to be a [[feminist]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Trask |first=Haunani-Kay |date=1996 |title=Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism |journal=[[Signs (journal)|Signs]] |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=906–916 |doi=10.1086/495125 |jstor=3175028 |s2cid=145195430}}</ref> Later in her career, Trask denounced her identification as a "feminist" because of its mainstream focus on Americans, whiteness, and "First World 'rights' talk."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|title=Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism|journal=Signs|volume=21|issue=4|year=1996|pages=906–916 |doi=10.1086/495125 |jstor=3175028|s2cid=145195430 }}.</ref> She claims to align more with [[transnational feminism]].<ref name=":03" />
During her graduate study on politics, Trask began to engage in feminist studies and considered herself to be a [[feminist]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Trask |first=Haunani-Kay |date=1996 |title=Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism |journal=[[Signs (journal)|Signs]] |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=906–916 |doi=10.1086/495125 |jstor=3175028 |s2cid=145195430}}</ref> Later in her career, Trask denounced her identification as a "feminist" because of its mainstream focus on Americans, whiteness, and "First World 'rights' talk."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|title=Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism|journal=Signs|volume=21|issue=4|year=1996|pages=906–916 |doi=10.1086/495125 |jstor=3175028|s2cid=145195430 }}.</ref> She later claimed to align more with [[transnational feminism]].<ref name=":03" />


Trask opposed [[Tourism in Hawaii|tourism to Hawai{{okina}}i]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|date=March 2000|title=Tourism and the prostitution of Hawaiian culture|url=http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/tourism-and-prostitution-hawaiian-culture|url-status=live|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Cultural Survival]]|language=en}}</ref> and the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]]'s presence in Hawai{{okina}}i.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hofschneider|first=Anita|date=July 4, 2021|title=Native Hawaiian Educator And Activist Haunani-Kay Trask Dies|url=https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/07/native-hawaiian-educator-and-activist-haunani-kay-trask-dies-2/|url-status=live|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Honolulu Civil Beat]]|language=en}}</ref> She personified paradise (Hawai{{Okina}}i) as a woman, helping her claim that protective militarization relies on this sexist imagery.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Winkelmann|first=Tessa Ong|title=Gendering the 'Enemy' and Gendering the 'Ally': United States Militarized Fictions of War and Peace|journal=Routledge Histories: The Routledge History of Gender, War, and the U.S. Military|editor=Kara Dixon Vuic|edition=1st|publisher=Routledge|year=2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|title=From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaii|work=Latitude 20|year=1999}}</ref> In 2004, Trask spoke out against the [[Akaka Bill]], a bill to establish a process for Native Hawaiians to gain federal recognition similar to the recognition that some Native American tribes possess.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2314/text|title=Text – H.R.2314 – 111th Congress (2009–2010): Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2010|last=Neil|first=Abercrombie|date=March 16, 2010|website=www.congress.gov|language=en|access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> Trask believed this bill was an injustice to Native Hawaiian people because it allowed the United States government to control Native Hawaiian governing structure, land, and resources without recognizing Hawai{{okina}}i's sovereignty.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} She clarified that the bill was drafted [[ex parte]] and that hearings were withheld to exclude native community involvement.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|date=May 2, 2004|title=Pro, con articles on Akaka bill fail to address land issues|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/May/02/op/op08a.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212021642/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/May/02/op/op08a.html/|archive-date=February 12, 2021|access-date=November 10, 2018|website=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]]|language=en}}</ref>
Trask opposed [[Tourism in Hawaii|tourism to Hawai{{okina}}i]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|date=March 2000|title=Tourism and the prostitution of Hawaiian culture|url=http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/tourism-and-prostitution-hawaiian-culture|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Cultural Survival]]|language=en}}</ref> and the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]]'s presence in Hawai{{okina}}i.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hofschneider|first=Anita|date=July 4, 2021|title=Native Hawaiian Educator And Activist Haunani-Kay Trask Dies|url=https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/07/native-hawaiian-educator-and-activist-haunani-kay-trask-dies-2/|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=[[Honolulu Civil Beat]]|language=en}}</ref> She personified paradise (Hawai{{Okina}}i) as a woman, helping her claim that protective militarization relies on this sexist imagery.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Winkelmann|first=Tessa Ong|title=Gendering the 'Enemy' and Gendering the 'Ally': United States Militarized Fictions of War and Peace|journal=Routledge Histories: The Routledge History of Gender, War, and the U.S. Military|editor=Kara Dixon Vuic|edition=1st|publisher=Routledge|year=2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|title=From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaii|work=Latitude 20|year=1999}}</ref> In 2004, Trask spoke out against the [[Akaka Bill]], a bill to establish a process for Native Hawaiians to gain federal recognition similar to the recognition that some Native American tribes possess.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2314/text|title=Text – H.R.2314 – 111th Congress (2009–2010): Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2010|last=Neil|first=Abercrombie|date=March 16, 2010|website=www.congress.gov|language=en|access-date=November 10, 2018}}</ref> Trask believed this bill was an injustice to Native Hawaiian people because it allowed the United States government to control Native Hawaiian governing structure, land, and resources without recognizing Hawai{{okina}}i's sovereignty.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} She clarified that the bill was drafted [[ex parte]] and that hearings were withheld to exclude native community involvement.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|date=May 2, 2004|title=Pro, con articles on Akaka bill fail to address land issues|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/May/02/op/op08a.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212021642/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/May/02/op/op08a.html/|archive-date=February 12, 2021|access-date=November 10, 2018|website=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]]|language=en}}</ref>


Trask challenged the traditional understandings of the Asian American, particularly Japanese, experience in Hawai{{Okina}}i.<ref name=":72">{{cite journal|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|title=Settlers of Color and 'Immigrant' Hegemony: 'Locals' in Hawai'i|journal=Amerasia Journal|volume=26|issue=2|year=2000|pages=1–24|doi=10.17953/amer.26.2.b31642r221215k7k |s2cid=142998308 }}</ref> She believed the Japanese occupying Hawai{{Okina}}i “like to harken back to the oppressions of the plantation era, although few Japanese in Hawai{{Okina}}i today actually worked on the plantations during the Territory (1900–1959).”<ref name=":72" /> Trask’s critique of Asian settler colonialism is cited as a foundational development in both Asian American and decolonial justice studies.<ref name=":14" />
Trask challenged the traditional understandings of the Asian American, particularly Japanese, experience in Hawai{{Okina}}i.<ref name=":72">{{cite journal|last=Trask|first=Haunani-Kay|title=Settlers of Color and 'Immigrant' Hegemony: 'Locals' in Hawai'i|journal=Amerasia Journal|volume=26|issue=2|year=2000|pages=1–24|doi=10.17953/amer.26.2.b31642r221215k7k |s2cid=142998308 }}</ref> She believed the Japanese occupying Hawai{{Okina}}i “like to harken back to the oppressions of the plantation era, although few Japanese in Hawai{{Okina}}i today actually worked on the plantations during the Territory (1900–1959).”<ref name=":72" /> Trask’s critique of Asian settler colonialism is cited as a foundational development in both Asian American and decolonial justice studies.<ref name=":14" />
Line 58: Line 58:
== Selected works ==
== Selected works ==


=== Books<ref name=":62" /> ===
=== Books ===
Source:<ref name=":62" />


* ''Fighting the Battle of Double Colonization: The View of a Hawaiian Feminist'' (1984)
* ''Fighting the Battle of Double Colonization: The View of a Hawaiian Feminist'' (1984)
Line 84: Line 86:
== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==


=== Books<ref name=":62" /> ===
=== Books ===
Source:<ref name=":62" />


* ''Hereniko, Vilsoni, and Rob Wilson, editors, Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific'', Rowman & Littlefield (Boulder, CO), 1999.
* ''Hereniko, Vilsoni, and Rob Wilson, editors, Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific'', Rowman & Littlefield (Boulder, CO), 1999.
* ''Wood, Houston, Displacing Natives: The Rhetorical Production of Hawai''{{Okina}}''i'', Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
* ''Wood, Houston, Displacing Natives: The Rhetorical Production of Hawai''{{Okina}}''i'', Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.


=== Periodicals<ref name=":62" /> ===
=== Periodicals ===
Source:<ref name=":62" />


* ''Bloomsbury Review'', September/October, 1994.
* ''Bloomsbury Review'', September/October, 1994.

Latest revision as of 12:41, 25 January 2024

Haunani-Kay Trask
Born(1949-10-03)October 3, 1949
San Francisco, California, United States
DiedJuly 3, 2021(2021-07-03) (aged 71)
Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States
Alma materUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison (BA, MA, PhD)
Occupation(s)Activist, educator, author, poet
Known forNative Hawaiian sovereignty movement, indigenous rights activism
PartnerDavid Stannard
RelativesMililani B. Trask (sister)
David K. Trask Jr. (uncle)

Haunani-Kay Trask (October 3, 1949 – July 3, 2021) was a Native Hawaiian activist, educator, author, poet, and a leader of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. She was professor emerita at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, where she founded and directed the Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies. A published author, Trask wrote scholarly books and articles, as well as poetry. She also produced documentaries and CDs. Trask received awards and recognition for her scholarship and activism, both during her life and posthumously.

Early life and education[edit]

Trask was born to Haunani and Bernard Trask.[1][2] She was born in San Francisco, California[3] and grew up on the Koʻolau side of the island of Oʻahu in Hawaiʻi.[4]

Trask graduated from Kamehameha Schools in 1967.[5] She attended the University of Chicago, but transferred to the University of Wisconsin–Madison[6] to complete her bachelor's degree in 1972, master's degree in 1975, and Ph.D. in political science in 1981.[7] Her dissertation was published into a book, Eros and Power: The Promise of Feminist Theory, by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 1986.[5][8]

Career[edit]

Trask founded the Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.[9][10] The center emerged as an evolution of the university’s American Studies program after Trask “charged the department with sex and race discrimination.”[11] Trask protested the American Studies curriculum’s lack of racial, ideological, and gender diversity.[11] She served as the center's director for almost ten years and was one of its first tenured faculty members.[10] Trask helped secure the building of the Gladys Brandt Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies, the permanent center for Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.[10] In 2010, Trask retired from her director position but continued teaching native political movements in Hawaiʻi and the Pacific, the literature and politics of Pacific Islander women, Hawaiian history and politics, and third world and indigenous history and politics as an emeritus faculty member.[12]

Trask hosted and produced First Friday, a monthly public-access television program started in 1986 to highlight political and cultural Hawaiian issues.[10] Trask co-wrote and co-produced the award-winning 1993 documentary Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation.[10][13] She also wrote the 1993 book From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaiʻi, which has been described by Cynthia G. Franklin and Laura E. Lyons as a "foundational text" about indigenous rights.[10] Trask published two books of poetry, the 1994 Light in the Crevice Never Seen and the 2002 Night Is a Sharkskin Drum.[10] Trask developed We Are Not Happy Natives, a CD published in 2002 about the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.[10]

Trask was a fellow at the International Institute of Human Rights in 1984, a research fellow at the American Council of Learned Societies in 1984, a Rockefeller fellow at the University of Colorado from 1993-1994, a "National Endowment for the Arts writer-in-residence" at the Institute of American Indian Arts in 1996, a fellow at the Pacific-Basin Research Center at Harvard University from 1998-1999, and a William Evans visiting fellow in Maori studies at the University of Otago.[14]

Trask represented Native Hawaiians at the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Peoples in Geneva.[10] In 2001, she traveled to South Africa to participate in the United Nations World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance.[10]

Awards and recognitions[edit]

In 1991, Trask was named “Islander of the Year” by Honolulu Magazine and one of ten Pacific women of the year by Pacific Islands Monthly Magazine.[14] In 1994, she was awarded the Gustavus Myers Award for her 1993 book From a Native Daughter.[14] In March 2017, Hawaiʻi Magazine recognized Trask as one of the most influential women in Hawaiian history.[15] In 2019, Trask was awarded the “Angela Y. Davis Prize” from the American Studies Association in recognition of her application of her “scholarship for the public good.”[16]

Political beliefs[edit]

While earning her undergraduate degree in Chicago, Trask learned about and became an active supporter of the Black Panther Party.[citation needed] While studying at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Trask also participated in student protests against the Vietnam War.[citation needed] Trask later wrote about how these experiences as a graduate student helped develop her theories about how capitalism and racism sustained each other.[citation needed]

During her graduate study on politics, Trask began to engage in feminist studies and considered herself to be a feminist.[17] Later in her career, Trask denounced her identification as a "feminist" because of its mainstream focus on Americans, whiteness, and "First World 'rights' talk."[18] She later claimed to align more with transnational feminism.[17]

Trask opposed tourism to Hawaiʻi[19] and the U.S. military's presence in Hawaiʻi.[20] She personified paradise (Hawaiʻi) as a woman, helping her claim that protective militarization relies on this sexist imagery.[21][22] In 2004, Trask spoke out against the Akaka Bill, a bill to establish a process for Native Hawaiians to gain federal recognition similar to the recognition that some Native American tribes possess.[23] Trask believed this bill was an injustice to Native Hawaiian people because it allowed the United States government to control Native Hawaiian governing structure, land, and resources without recognizing Hawaiʻi's sovereignty.[citation needed] She clarified that the bill was drafted ex parte and that hearings were withheld to exclude native community involvement.[24]

Trask challenged the traditional understandings of the Asian American, particularly Japanese, experience in Hawaiʻi.[25] She believed the Japanese occupying Hawaiʻi “like to harken back to the oppressions of the plantation era, although few Japanese in Hawaiʻi today actually worked on the plantations during the Territory (1900–1959).”[25] Trask’s critique of Asian settler colonialism is cited as a foundational development in both Asian American and decolonial justice studies.[11]

Personal life[edit]

Trask's longtime partner was University of Hawaiʻi professor David Stannard.[26] Trask came from a politically active family. One of her two sisters, Mililani Trask, is a Hawaiian language immersion teacher, attorney, and a leader of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.[27][28][29] In 1987, Trask founded Ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi, one of Hawaiʻi’s largest and most prominent indigenous sovereignty movements with Mililani.[4] Trask descended from the Kahakumakaliua line of Kaua‘i through her father, who was a lawyer, and the Pi‘ilani line of Maui through her mother, who was an elementary school teacher.[11][28][30] Her paternal grandfather, David Trask Sr., was chairman of the civil service commission and the police commission in 1922, served as the sheriff of Honolulu from 1923 to 1926, and was elected a territorial senator from Oʻahu in 1932.[31] He was a key proponent of Hawaiʻi statehood.[32] Trask's uncle, Arthur K. Trask, was an attorney, an active member of the Democratic Party, and a member of the Statehood Commission from 1944–1957.[33] David Trask Jr., another uncle, was the head of the Hawaiʻi Government Employees Association.[33]

Legacy[edit]

Trask died from cancer on July 3, 2021.[2][34] In September 2021, the Department of Philosophy at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa issued a posthumous apology to Trask for attacks she received from the university's philosophers in the past.[35] In her obituary, the New York Times noted her fight for Indigenous sovereignty and cited her quote, “We will die as Hawaiians. We will never be Americans.”[34]

Selected works[edit]

Books[edit]

Source:[14]

  • Fighting the Battle of Double Colonization: The View of a Hawaiian Feminist (1984)
  • Eros and Power: The Promise of Feminist Theory (1986)[5][8]
  • Politics and Public Policy in Hawaiʻi (Contributor, 1992)
  • From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaiʻi (1993)[10]
  • Light in the Crevice Never Seen (1994)[10]
  • Feminist Nationalism (Contributor, 1997)
  • Intimate Nature: The Bond Between Women and Animals (Contributor, 1998)
  • Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific (Contributor, 1999)
  • Literary Studies East and West, volume 17 (Contributor, 2000)
  • Night Is a Sharkskin Drum (2002)[10]
  • Kue: Thirty Years Of Land Struggles in Hawaiʻi (2004)

Articles[edit]

  • Settlers of Color and “Immigrant” Hegemony: “Locals” in Hawaiʻi, Amerasia Journal 26:2 (2000)[25]
  • Featured in Rampike Arts & Literary Magazine, Stanford Law Review, Japan-Asia Quarterly Review, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Hawaiian Journal of History, Critical Perspectives of Third World America, Ethnies: Review of Survival International, Contemporary Pacific, Pacific Islands Communication Journal, Pacific Studies.[14]

Visual Media[edit]

  • Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation (documentary film, scriptwriter and co-producer, 1993)[10][14]
  • Haunani-Kay Trask: We Are Not Happy Natives (educational CD, 2002)[10]

Further reading[edit]

Books[edit]

Source:[14]

  • Hereniko, Vilsoni, and Rob Wilson, editors, Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific, Rowman & Littlefield (Boulder, CO), 1999.
  • Wood, Houston, Displacing Natives: The Rhetorical Production of Hawaiʻi, Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.

Periodicals[edit]

Source:[14]

  • Bloomsbury Review, September/October, 1994.
  • Booklist, June 1, 1994, p. 1763.
  • Choice, February, 1987, pp. 911-912; January, 1995, p. 786.
  • Hungry Mind Review, fall, 1994, p. 10.
  • Kirkus Reviews, June 1, 1986, pp. 857-858.
  • Nation, October 4, 1999, Mindy Pennybacker, "Decolonizing the Mind," p. 31.
  • Publishers Weekly, March 29, 1993, p. 46.
  • Wasafiri, spring, 1997, pp. 94-95.
  • Women's Review of Books, May, 1987, p. 17; November, 1999, p. 19.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Wong-Wilson, Noe Noe; Trask, Mililani (2005). "A Conversation with Mililani Trask" (PDF). The Contemporary Pacific. 17 (1): 142–156. doi:10.1353/cp.2005.0034. hdl:10125/13839. ISSN 1527-9464. S2CID 154177647.
  2. ^ a b Ladao, Mark; Boylan, Peter (July 4, 2021). "Activist, retired University of Hawaii professor Haunani-Kay Trask fought for Hawaiian rights, causes". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  3. ^ Williams, Annabelle (July 9, 2021). "Haunani-Kay Trask, Champion of Native Rights in Hawaii, Dies at 71". The New York Times.
  4. ^ a b Trask, Haunani-Kay (1999). From a Native Daughter : Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaiʻi (Revised ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 978-0-585-25766-2.
  5. ^ a b c Watson, Trisha Kehaulani (July 4, 2021). "Trisha Kehaulani Watson: The Passing Of Haunani-Kay Trask And The Uplifting Of A Nation". Honolulu Civil Beat. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  6. ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay (1996). "Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism". Signs. 21 (4): 906–916. doi:10.1086/495125. JSTOR 3175028. S2CID 145195430.
  7. ^ "2018-19 Catalog: Emeriti Faculty". University of Hawai'i at Manoa. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  8. ^ a b Trask, Haunani-Kay (1986). Eros and power: the promise of feminist theory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-1219-8. OCLC 246506985.
  9. ^ Ako, Diane (July 3, 2021). "Hawaiian activist, scholar, poet, Haunani-Kay Trask dies at age 71". KITV. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Franklin, Cynthia G.; Lyons, Laura E. (June 25, 2004). "Land, Leadership, and Nation: Haunani-Kay Trask on the Testimonial Uses of Life Writing in Hawaiʻi". Biography. 27 (1): 222–249. doi:10.1353/bio.2004.0032. ISSN 1529-1456. S2CID 162376042.
  11. ^ a b c d Fujikane, Candace. “In Memoriam: Dr. Haunani-Kay Trask.” Journal of Asian American Studies, vol. 25, no. 1, Feb. 2022, pp. 131–39, doi:10.1353/jaas.2022.0010.
  12. ^ "2018-19 University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Catalog Hawaiʻinuiakea School of Hawaiian Knowledge Kamakakūokalani". www.catalog.hawaii.edu. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  13. ^ "Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation | ITVS". Retrieved November 8, 2018.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h “Haunani-Kay Trask.” Gale In Context: Biography, Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors, 2021.
  15. ^ Dekneef, Matthew (March 8, 2017). "15 extraordinary Hawaiʻi women who inspire us all". Hawaiʻi Magazine. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
  16. ^ Haunani-Kay Trask Receives the 2019 Angela Y. Davis Prize From the American Studies Association. Women in Academia Report, 21 Nov. 2019.
  17. ^ a b Trask, Haunani-Kay (1996). "Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism". Signs. 21 (4): 906–916. doi:10.1086/495125. JSTOR 3175028. S2CID 145195430.
  18. ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay (1996). "Feminism and Indigenous Hawaiian Nationalism". Signs. 21 (4): 906–916. doi:10.1086/495125. JSTOR 3175028. S2CID 145195430..
  19. ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay (March 2000). "Tourism and the prostitution of Hawaiian culture". Cultural Survival. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  20. ^ Hofschneider, Anita (July 4, 2021). "Native Hawaiian Educator And Activist Haunani-Kay Trask Dies". Honolulu Civil Beat. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  21. ^ Winkelmann, Tessa Ong (2018). Kara Dixon Vuic (ed.). "Gendering the 'Enemy' and Gendering the 'Ally': United States Militarized Fictions of War and Peace". Routledge Histories: The Routledge History of Gender, War, and the U.S. Military (1st ed.). Routledge.
  22. ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay (1999). From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaii. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  23. ^ Neil, Abercrombie (March 16, 2010). "Text – H.R.2314 – 111th Congress (2009–2010): Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2010". www.congress.gov. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
  24. ^ Trask, Haunani-Kay (May 2, 2004). "Pro, con articles on Akaka bill fail to address land issues". The Honolulu Advertiser. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
  25. ^ a b c Trask, Haunani-Kay (2000). "Settlers of Color and 'Immigrant' Hegemony: 'Locals' in Hawai'i". Amerasia Journal. 26 (2): 1–24. doi:10.17953/amer.26.2.b31642r221215k7k. S2CID 142998308.
  26. ^ Nakao, Annie (May 28, 2005). "The 1932 murder that exposed the hole in Hawaii's idyllic facade". The San Francisco Chronicle.
  27. ^ Tachihata, Chieko (Spring 1994). "Hawaiian Sovereignty". The Contemporary Pacific. 6 (1): 209. ISSN 1043-898X. JSTOR 23701596.
  28. ^ a b Farris, Phoebe. “The Poetry of Politics.” Cultural Survival Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2009, pp. 6–7.
  29. ^ Dennis, Yvonne Wakim, et al. “Tying It Up.” Native American Almanac: More Than 50,000 Years of the Cultures and Histories of Indigenous Peoples, 1st ed., Visible Ink Press, 2016.
  30. ^ Wong-Wilson, Noe Noe; Trask, Mililani (2005). "A Conversation with Mililani Trask" (PDF). The Contemporary Pacific. 17 (1): 142–156. doi:10.1353/cp.2005.0034. hdl:10125/13839. ISSN 1527-9464. S2CID 154177647.
  31. ^ "David K. Trask, Sr. Obituary". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. October 12, 1950. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  32. ^ "Hawaii Statehood: Tiny 1959 opposition was anti-Japanese, not anti-American". Hawaiʻi Free Press.
  33. ^ a b "Attorney and politician Arthur Trask dies". The Garden Island. The Associated Press. June 23, 2002. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  34. ^ a b Annabelle Williams: Haunani-Kay Trask, Champion of Native Rights in Hawaii, Dies at 71, nytimes.com, 9 July 2021
  35. ^ Staff, Ka Wai Ola (September 1, 2021). "University of Hawai'i Public Apology to Dr. Trask". Ka Wai Ola. Retrieved September 21, 2021.

External links[edit]

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