Helianthus porteri: Difference between revisions

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'''''Helianthus porteri''''' is a species of [[Helianthus|sunflower]] known by the common names '''Porter's sunflower''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=HEPO3|taxon=Helianthus porteri|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref> '''Stone Mountain daisy'''<ref>Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html</ref> and '''Confederate daisy'''. The term "daisy" is a imprecise because the species is a sunflower (''[[Helianthus]]'') rather than a daisy (''[[Bellis]]'' and related genera). Likewise, although the plant grows on [[Stone Mountain]], GA, its range extends well beyond. The connection to the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] is through Stone Mountain which contains a confederate monument, although the connection is tenuous as the species was named before the Civil War in 1849 by Harvard botanist [[Asa Gray]] in honor of [[Thomas Conrad Porter]], a Pennsylvanian minister and botanist who collected the plant in Georgia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heller |first1=A. A. |date=1901 |title=Thomas Conrad Porter |journal=The Plant World |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=130–131 |issn=0096-8307 |jstor=43475709}}</ref> Gray initially named the plant ''Rudbeckia porteri'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rudbeckia porteri in Global Plants on JSTOR |url=https://plants.jstor.org/compilation/Rudbeckia.porteri |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=plants.jstor.org}}</ref> changed to ''Helianthus'' in 1998 by John F. Pruski.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pruski |first=John F. |date=1998 |title=Helianthus porteri (A. Gray) Pruski (Compositae), a New Combination Validated for the Confederate Daisy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4034058 |journal=Castanea |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=74–75 |issn=0008-7475}}</ref> The common name '''Porter's sunflower''' therefore most closely accords with the history of botanical discovery and naming.
'''''Helianthus porteri''''' is a species of [[Helianthus|sunflower]] known by the common names '''Porter's sunflower''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=HEPO3|taxon=Helianthus porteri|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref> '''Stone Mountain daisy'''<ref>Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html</ref> and '''Confederate daisy'''. The term "daisy" is imprecise because the species is a sunflower (''[[Helianthus]]'') rather than a daisy (''[[Bellis]]'' and related genera). Likewise, although the plant grows on [[Stone Mountain]], GA, its range extends well beyond. The connection to the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] is through Stone Mountain which contains a confederate monument, although the connection is tenuous as the species was named before the Civil War in 1849 by Harvard botanist [[Asa Gray]] in honor of [[Thomas Conrad Porter]], a Pennsylvanian minister and botanist who collected the plant in Georgia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heller |first1=A. A. |date=1901 |title=Thomas Conrad Porter |journal=The Plant World |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=130–131 |issn=0096-8307 |jstor=43475709}}</ref> Gray initially named the plant ''Rudbeckia porteri'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rudbeckia porteri in Global Plants on JSTOR |url=https://plants.jstor.org/compilation/Rudbeckia.porteri |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=plants.jstor.org}}</ref> later changed to ''Helianthus'' in 1998 by John F. Pruski.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pruski |first=John F. |date=1998 |title=Helianthus porteri (A. Gray) Pruski (Compositae), a New Combination Validated for the Confederate Daisy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4034058 |journal=Castanea |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=74–75 |issn=0008-7475}}</ref>


The species is native to the southeastern United States, such as [[Alabama]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], but has been introduced to granite outcrop areas in [[North Carolina]] where it is aggressively weedy.<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Helianthus%20porteri.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref><ref>Weakley AS. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid‐Atlantic states. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. [WWW document] URL http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm</ref>
The species is native to the southeastern United States, including [[Alabama]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], but has been introduced to granite outcrop areas in [[North Carolina]] as an aggressive weed.<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Helianthus%20porteri.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref><ref>Weakley AS. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid‐Atlantic states. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. [WWW document] URL http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006082209/http://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm |date=2018-10-06 }}</ref> ''Helianthus porteri'' grows on thin soils on and around flat rock [[granite]] and [[gneiss]] outcrops.<ref>Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html</ref> It is an annual herb up to 100&nbsp;cm (40 inches) tall. One plant usually produces 5 or more [[Head (botany)|flower heads]], each containing 7 or 8 yellow [[ray florets]] surrounding 30 or more yellow [[disc floret]]s.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066895 Flora of North America, ''Helianthus porteri'' (A. Gray) Pruski, 1998. Confederate daisy ]</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123407#page/352/mode/1up Blake, Sydney Fay 1918. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 54: 114–115], as ''Viguiera porteri''</ref>

''Helianthus porteri'' grows on thin soils on and around flat rock [[granite]] and [[gneiss]] outcrops.<ref>Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html</ref> It is an annual herb up to 100&nbsp;cm (40 inches) tall. One plant usually produces 5 or more [[Head (botany)|flower heads]], each containing 7 or 8 yellow [[ray florets]] surrounding 30 or more yellow [[disc floret]]s.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066895 Flora of North America, ''Helianthus porteri'' (A. Gray) Pruski, 1998. Confederate daisy ]</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123407#page/352/mode/1up Blake, Sydney Fay 1918. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 54: 114–115], as ''Viguiera porteri''</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 04:24, 4 August 2023

Porter's sunflower, also known as Stone Mountain or Confederate daisy
Helianthus porteri on Stone Mtn.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Helianthus
Species:
H. porteri
Binomial name
Helianthus porteri
(A.Gray) Pruski 1998 not (A.Gray) Heiser 1978 (1978 name not validly published)
Synonyms[1]
  • Gymnolomia porteri (A.Gray) A.Gray
  • Heliomeris porteri (A.Gray) Cockerell
  • Rudbeckia porteri A.Gray
  • Viguiera porteri (A.Gray) S.F.Blake

Helianthus porteri is a species of sunflower known by the common names Porter's sunflower,[2] Stone Mountain daisy[3] and Confederate daisy. The term "daisy" is imprecise because the species is a sunflower (Helianthus) rather than a daisy (Bellis and related genera). Likewise, although the plant grows on Stone Mountain, GA, its range extends well beyond. The connection to the Confederacy is through Stone Mountain which contains a confederate monument, although the connection is tenuous as the species was named before the Civil War in 1849 by Harvard botanist Asa Gray in honor of Thomas Conrad Porter, a Pennsylvanian minister and botanist who collected the plant in Georgia.[4] Gray initially named the plant Rudbeckia porteri,[5] later changed to Helianthus in 1998 by John F. Pruski.[6]

The species is native to the southeastern United States, including Alabama and Georgia, but has been introduced to granite outcrop areas in North Carolina as an aggressive weed.[7][8] Helianthus porteri grows on thin soils on and around flat rock granite and gneiss outcrops.[9] It is an annual herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. One plant usually produces 5 or more flower heads, each containing 7 or 8 yellow ray florets surrounding 30 or more yellow disc florets.[10][11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ The Plant List, Helianthus porteri (A.Gray) Pruski
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Helianthus porteri". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  3. ^ Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html
  4. ^ Heller, A. A. (1901). "Thomas Conrad Porter". The Plant World. 4 (7): 130–131. ISSN 0096-8307. JSTOR 43475709.
  5. ^ "Rudbeckia porteri in Global Plants on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  6. ^ Pruski, John F. (1998). "Helianthus porteri (A. Gray) Pruski (Compositae), a New Combination Validated for the Confederate Daisy". Castanea. 63 (1): 74–75. ISSN 0008-7475.
  7. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  8. ^ Weakley AS. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid‐Atlantic states. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. [WWW document] URL http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm Archived 2018-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Scott Ranger's Nature Notes http://scottranger.com/helianthus-porteri-confederate-daisy.html
  10. ^ Flora of North America, Helianthus porteri (A. Gray) Pruski, 1998. Confederate daisy
  11. ^ Blake, Sydney Fay 1918. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 54: 114–115, as Viguiera porteri

External links[edit]


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