Nobel Peace Prize and A Wednesday!: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Film
[[Image:Dag Hammarskjold.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Swedish economist [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was an unusually active UN Secretary-General from 1953 to his death in 1961.]]
| name = A Wednesday
The '''Nobel Peace Prize''' ([[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Danish language|Danish]] and {{lang-no|Nobels fredspris}}) is one of five [[Nobel Prize]]s [[bequeath]]ed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor [[Alfred Nobel]]. According to Nobel's [[will (law)|will]], the Peace Prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for [[:wikt:fraternity|fraternity]] between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/short_testamente.html | accessdate = 2008-03-31 | title = Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel | publisher = [[Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref>
| image = A Wednesday Poster.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Promotional poster for the film
| director = [[Neeraj Pandey]]
| producer = [[Ronnie Screwvala]]</br>[[Shital Bhatia]]</br>[[Anjum Rizvi]]
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Anupam Kher]]</br>[[Naseeruddin Shah]]
| music = [[Sanjoy Chowdhury]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor = [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| released = [[September 5]] [[2008]]
| runtime =
| country = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| website =
| amg_id =
| imdb_id = 1280558
}}


'''''A Wednesday''''' is a [[Hindi]] [[Bollywood]] film released on [[5 September]] [[2008]]. It was directed by [[Neeraj Pandey]], and produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]], and [[UTV Software Communications|UTV]] Spotboy Productions. The movie stars [[Anupam Kher]] and [[Naseeruddin Shah]] in leading roles. The music score is by [[Sanjoy Chowdhury]]. The movie tells the story of events that unfold between 2 pm and 6 pm on a particular [[Wednesday]]—events which do not exist in any record but which deeply affects the lives of those involved. This movie marks the return of Kher and Shah together on screen after a gap of 12 years.
Alfred Nobel's will stated that the prize should be awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Norwegian Parliament. The Peace Prize is presented annually in [[Oslo, Norway]], in the presence of the [[Monarchy of Norway|king]], on December 10 (the anniversary of Nobel's death), and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in [[Stockholm, Sweden]]. "In Oslo, the Chairman of the [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]] presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway. Under the eyes of a watching world, the Nobel Laureate receives three things: a diploma, a medal and a document confirming the prize amount." The Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony is held at the [[Oslo City Hall]], followed the next day by the [[Nobel Peace Prize Concert]], which is broadcast to more than 450 million households in over 150 countries around the world. The concert has received worldwide fame and the participation of top celebrity hosts and performers. The selection of Nobel Peace Prize winners sometimes causes controversy, as the list of winners includes people who formerly used violent methods of problem-solving, but then later made exceptional concessions to non-violence in the attempt to achieve peace.


==Synopsis==
==Appointment process==
The [[Mumbai]] Police Commissioner, Prakash Rathod (played by Anupam Kher) is going to retire the next day and he recalls a certain event when he got a call from an anonymous caller (played by Naseeruddin Shah) demanding the release of four militants in lieu of information on bombs that the man had planted in various parts of the city. At first, Prakash suspects it to be a prank call but his doubts are dispelled once he actually finds a bomb planted in the police station right opposite his Police Headquarters. He gets a team of his best men together and taps all his resources to track down the man.
Nobel died in 1896 and did not leave an explanation for choosing [[peace]] as a prize category. The categories for [[chemistry]] and [[physics]] were obvious choices as he was a trained chemical engineer. The reason behind the [[peace]] prize is less clear. Some{{Who|date=July 2008}}
have said it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces (Nobel's inventions included [[dynamite]] and [[ballistite]]). None of his explosives, except for ballistite, were used in any war during his lifetime,<ref>Altman, L. (2006). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/health/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800 Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen]. ''New York Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref> although the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]], an Irish nationalist organisation, did carry out dynamite attacks in the 1880s<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po17.shtml BBC History - 1916 Easter Rising - Profiles - The Irish Republican Brotherhood] ''BBC''.</ref> and he was instrumental in turning [[Bofors]] from a iron company to a armaments company whilst he owned it.


Meanwhile, he comes across Naina Roy ([[Deepal Shaw]]), a wannabe TV news reporter who also has been tipped off by the anonymous caller. Time passes without any concrete results on the identity of the caller. Ultimately, Prakash Rathore gives in to caller's demand and puts two of his best men, Arif ([[Jimmy Shergill]]) and Jai ([[Amir Bashir]]) to hand over the four militants at the [[Juhu Aerodrome|Juhu Aviation Base]] Strip as demanded by the caller.
[[Image:Norske nobelinstiutt 1.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Nobel Institute]] in [[Oslo, Norway]].]]
The [[Stortinget|Norwegian Parliament]] appoints the [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]], which selects the Laureate for the Peace Prize. The Committee chairman, currently Dr. [[Ole Danbolt Mjøs]], awards the Prize itself. At the time of Alfred Nobel's death [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]] were in a [[personal union]] in which the Swedish government was solely responsible for foreign policy, and the [[Stortinget|Norwegian Parliament]] was responsible only for Norwegian domestic policy. Alfred Nobel never explained<ref>[http://www.nobel.no/eng_com_nor.html The Norwegian Nobel Institute- Why a Norwegian Nobel Committee?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> why he wanted a Norwegian rather than Swedish body to award the Peace Prize. As a consequence, many people have speculated about Nobel's intentions. For instance, Nobel may have wanted to prevent the manipulation of the selection process by foreign powers, and as Norway did not have any foreign policy, the Norwegian government could not be influenced.


Arif decides to not hand over one of the militants so as to ensure that all the bomb information can be forced out of the caller. But as soon as they leave the rest of the militants by a bench, they find that the bench is blown up by powerful explosives killing all three militants. The anonymous caller then forces them to kill the fourth (and last) militant and reveals that he (the caller) is a common man who was sick of living in terror and decided to act. They eventually trace him to an abandoned building but everybody in the department is reluctant to catch him as they are pretty moved by the common man's narration about his life and the motive behind all the happenings. But Prakash Rathod goes to the location to find the man coming out of the building. They shake hands and depart. Prakash Rathod spares the common man. Prakash Rathod discusses the issue with the [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of the state]] and decide to bury the matter and destroy all records of the episode.
==Nominations==
Nominations for the Prize may be made by a broad array of qualified individuals, including former recipients, members of national assemblies and congresses, university professors (in certain disciplines), international judges, and special advisors to the Prize Committee. In some years as many as 199 nominations have been received. The Committee keeps the nominations secret and asks that nominators do the same. Over time many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize Nominees", but this designation has no official standing<ref>[http://www.nobel.no/eng_com_nom.html The Norwegian Nobel Institute- From Nomination to Ceremony<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Nominations from 1901 to 1955, however, have been released in a database.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/database.html Nomination Database - The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901-1955<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> When the past nominations were released it was discovered that [[Adolf Hitler]] was nominated in 1939 by Erik Brandt, a member of the Swedish Parliament. Brandt retracted the nomination after a few days.<ref>Richardson, Gunnar, ''Förtroligt and hemligt : kunglig utrikespolitik och svensk neutralitet under andra världskriget''. Stockholm : Carlsson, 2007</ref> Other infamous nominees included [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Benito Mussolini]]. However, since nomination requires only support from one qualified person (e.g., a history professor), these unusual nominations do not represent the opinions of the Nobel committee itself.


== Cast ==
Unlike the other Nobel Prizes, which recognize completed scientific or literary accomplishment, the Nobel Peace Prize may be awarded to persons or organizations that are in the process of resolving a conflict or creating peace. As some such processes have failed to create lasting peace, some Peace Prizes appear questionable in hindsight. For example, the awards given to [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Shimon Peres]], [[Yitzhak Rabin]], [[Yasser Arafat]], [[Lê Ðức Thọ]], and Henry Kissinger were particularly controversial and criticized; the Kissinger-Thọ award prompted two dissenting Committee members to resign.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/peace/articles/controversies/index.html Controversies and Criticisms<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[Anupam Kher]] .... Commissioner Prakash Rathod
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] ....Naseeruddin Shah
* [[Jimmy Shergill]] .... Inspector Arif Khan
* [[Deepal Shaw]] .... TV reoprter Naina Roy
* [[Amir Bashir]] .... Inspector Jai Singh


==References==
In 2005, the [[Nobel Peace Center]] opened. It serves to present the Laureates, their work for peace, and the ongoing problems of war and conflict around the world.
{{reflist}}


==Controversy==
==Reviews==
*Subhash K. Jha, [http://www.newkerala.com/topstory-fullnews-15490.html newkerals.com], August 27 2008, "Anupam Kher impresses Narendra Modi with 'A Wednesday'"
{{ details|Nobel Prize controversies}}
*Elvis D'Silva, [http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/05wed.htm Rediff India Abroad], September 5 2008, "Watch Wednesday"
{{Weasel words}}
*Nikhat Kazmi, [http://o3.indiatimes.com/mytimes/archive/2008/09/06/4938902.aspx The Times of India], September 5 2008, "A Wednesday - Best shot by Anupam Kher and Naseeruddin Shah"
The Nobel Peace Prize has sparked controversy throughout its history. The Norwegian Parliament appoints the Peace Prize Committee, has no say in the award issue. Critics{{Who|date=July 2008}} argue that the same Parliament has pursued partisan military aims. A member of the Committee cannot at the same time be a member of the Parliament, and the Committee includes former members from all major parties, including those parties that oppose NATO membership{{Fact|date=July 2008}}.
*Gaurav Malani, [http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3447419.cms The Economic Times], September 5 2008, "A Wednesday: Movie Review"

*Rajeev Masand, [http://www.ibnlive.com/news/masands-verdict-any-day-watch-a-wednesday/72967-8.html IBN Live], September 6 2008, "Masand's Verdict: Any day, watch A Wednesday"
Unlike the scientific and literary Nobel Prizes, usually issued in [[retrospective|retrospect]], often two or three decades after the awarded achievement, the Peace Prize has been awarded for more recent or immediate achievements taking the form of [[summary judgment]] being issued in the same year as or the year immediately following the political act. Some commentators{{Who|date=July 2008}} have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers. In pro-democracy struggles, it may be said{{Who|date=July 2008}} that the 'real' peace-makers may not be recognized for their long-term or subtle approaches. However, others{{Who|date=July 2008}} have pointed to the [[uniqueness]] of the Peace Prize in that its high profile can often focus world attention on particular problems and possibly aid in the peace-efforts themselves.
*Nikhat Kazmi, [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/moviereview/3449896.cms The Times of India], September 5 2008, "A Wednesday"

*Nikhil Kumar, [http://www.apunkachoice.com/dyn/movies/hindi/a_wednesday/a_wednesday-review.html ApunkaChoice.com], "'A Wednesday' -Could make your day"
[[Image:Dalai Lama & Bishop Tutu. Carey Linde.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[14th Dalai Lama]] and Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], 2004]]
*A Common Man, [http://www.moviejini.com/bollywood-news/a-wednesday-movie-a-must-must-watch-movie/], "'A Wednesday' - A Story of an Aaam Aadmi that gives you the feel of Freedom!. A must watch movie!"
On closer inspection, the peace-laureates often have a lifetime's history of working at and promoting humanitarian issues, as in the examples of German medic [[Albert Schweitzer]] (1952 laureate), Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], an [[African-American]] [[civil rights]] activist (1964 laureate); [[Mother Teresa]], a [[Roman Catholic]] missionary nun (1979 laureate); and [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], a Buddhist nonviolent pro-democracy activist (1991 laureate). Still others are selected for tireless efforts, as in the examples of [[Jimmy Carter]] and [[Mohamed ElBaradei]]. Others, even today, are quite controversial, due to the recipient's political activity, as in the case of [[Henry Kissinger]] (1973 laureate), [[Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso]] (1989), [[Menachem Begin]] and [[Anwar Sadat]] (1978 laureates), or [[Yitzhak Rabin]] and [[Yasser Arafat]] (1994 laureates).

A widely discussed{{Who|date=July 2008}} criticism of the peace-prize are the notable omissions, namely the failure to award individuals with widely recognized contributions to peace. The list includes [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Corazon Aquino]], [[Pope John XXIII]], Pope [[John Paul II]], [[Steve Biko]], [[Raphael Lemkin]], [[Abdul Sattar Edhi]], [[César Chávez]], [[Jose Figueres Ferrer]], [[Irena Sendler]], and [[Oscar Romero]]. In particular, the omission of the [[India]]n leader Gandhi has been widely discussed{{Who|date=July 2008}}, including public statements by the various members of Nobel Committee.<ref name="ghandi"> {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/gandhi/index.html |title=Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate |accessdate=2007-10-17 |last=Tønnesson |first=Øyvind |date=1999-12-01 |publisher=The Nobel Foundation }}</ref><ref>[http://nobelprize.org/prize_announcements/peace/ask_questions.html Your Questions about the Nobel Peace Prize!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
It has been acknowledged by the committee that Gandhi was nominated{{Fact|date=July 2008}} in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947 and, finally, a few days before he was murdered in January 1948. The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.<ref name="ghandi"/> In 1948, the year of Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi."<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1989/presentation-speech.html Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee]</ref> In most cases, the omissions resulted in part from the provision in Alfred Nobel's will that only living people could receive the prize.

Research by anthropologist David Stoll into [[Rigoberta Menchú]], the 1992 recipient, revealed some fabrications in her biography, "Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia" (My Name is Rigoberta Menchú and this is how my Conscience was Born), translated into English as "[[I, Rigoberta Menchú]]". Menchú later admitted changing some details about her background. After the initial controversy, the Nobel Committee dismissed calls to revoke her Nobel prize because of the reported falsifications. Professor Geir Lundestad, the secretary of the Committee, said her prize "was not based exclusively or primarily on the autobiography".<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1992/tum-bio.html Rigoberta Menchú Tum - Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. According to the Nobel Committee, "Stoll approves of her Nobel prize and has no question about the picture of army atrocities which she presents. He says that her purpose in telling her story the way she did 'enabled her to focus international condemnation on an institution that deserved it, the Guatemalan army."

==List of Laureates==
{| align="center" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! style="width:250px" | Laureate(s)
! style="width:150px" | Country
! class="unsortable" | Work for which cited (Citations)
|-
| 1901*
| [[Frédéric Passy]]
| {{FRA}}
| Founder and President, [[Société d'arbitrage entre les Nations]]
|-
| 1901*
| [[Henry Dunant]]
| {{SUI}}
| Founder of the International Committee of the [[Red Cross]], Geneva
|-
| 1902
| [[Élie Ducommun]]<br>[[Charles Albert Gobat]]
| {{SUI}}
| Honorary secretaries, [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]] in Berne
|-
| 1903
| [[William Randal Cremer]]
| {{UK}}
| Secretary, [[International Arbitration League]]
|-
| 1904
| [[Institut de Droit International]]
| {{BEL}}
|
|-
| 1905
| [[Bertha von Suttner|Bertha Sophie Felicitas Baronin von Suttner]]
| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
| Honorary President, [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]]
|-
| 1906
| [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
| {{flag|United States|1896}}
| [[President of the United States]]; peace treaty collaborations (brokering the [[Treaty of Portsmouth]] ending the [[Russo-Japanese War]])
|-
| 1907*
| [[Ernesto Teodoro Moneta]]
| {{flag|Italy|old}}
| President, [[Lombard League of Peace]]
|-
| 1907*
| [[Louis Renault (jurist)|Louis Renault]]
| {{FRA}}
| Professor of International Law
|-
| 1908*
| [[Klas Pontus Arnoldson]]
| {{SWE}}
| Founder, [[Swedish Peace and Arbitration Association]]
|-
| 1908*
| [[Fredrik Bajer]]
| {{DEN}}
| Honorary President, [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]]
|-
| 1909*
| [[Auguste Marie François Beernaert]]
| {{BEL}}
| Member of the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration|Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage]].
|-
| 1909*
| [[Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant]]
| {{FRA}}
| Founder and president of the French parliamentary group for international arbitration. Founder of the [[Comite de defense des interets nationaux et de conciliation internationale|Comité de défense des intérets nationaux et de conciliation internationale]]
|-
| 1910
| [[International Peace Bureau]]
| {{SUI}}
| Berne
|-
| 1911*
| [[Tobias Michael Carel Asser]]
| {{NED}}
| Initiator of the [[International Conferences of Private Law]] in The Hague
|-
| 1911*
| [[Alfred Hermann Fried]]
| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
| Founder of ''[[Die Waffen Nieder]]''
|-
| 1912
| [[Elihu Root]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| For initiating various arbitration agreements
|-
| 1913
| [[Henri La Fontaine]]
| {{BEL}}
| President of the [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]]
|-
| 1914
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|-
| 1915
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1916
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1917
| [[International Committee of the Red Cross]]
| {{SUI}}
|
|-
| 1918
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1919
| [[Woodrow Wilson]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| President of the United States, as foremost promoter of the [[League of Nations]]
|-
| 1920
| [[Léon Bourgeois|Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois]]
| {{FRA}}
| President of the Council of the [[League of Nations]]
|-
| 1921*
| [[Hjalmar Branting]]
| {{SWE}}
| Prime minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the [[League of Nations]]
|-
| 1921*
| [[Christian Lous Lange]]
| {{NOR}}
| Secretary-general of the [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]
|-
| 1922
| [[Fridtjof Nansen]]
| {{NOR}}
| Norwegian delegate to the [[League of Nations]], originator of the [[Nansen passport]]s for refugees
|-
| 1923
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1924
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1925*
| [[Austen Chamberlain]]
| {{UK}}
| For the [[Locarno Treaties]]
|-
| 1925*
| [[Charles G. Dawes|Charles Gates Dawes]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| Chairman of the Allied [[World War I reparations|Reparations]] Commission and originator of the [[Dawes Plan]]
|-
| 1926*
| [[Aristide Briand]]
| {{FRA}}
| For the [[Locarno Treaties]]
|-
| 1926*
| [[Gustav Stresemann]]
| {{flag|Germany|Weimar}}
| For the [[Locarno Treaties]]
|-
| 1927*
| [[Ferdinand Buisson]]
| {{FRA}}
| Founder and president of the [[League for Human Rights]]
|-
| 1927*
| [[Ludwig Quidde]]
| {{flag|Germany|Weimar}}
| Delegate to numerous peace conferences
|-
| 1928
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1929
| [[Frank B. Kellogg]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| For the [[Kellogg-Briand Pact]]
|-
| 1930
| [[Nathan Söderblom]]
| {{SWE}}
| Leader of the ecumenical movement
|-
| 1931*
| [[Jane Addams]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| International president of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]]
|-
| 1931*
| [[Nicholas Murray Butler]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| For promoting the [[Kellogg-Briand Pact]]
|-
| 1932
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1933
| [[Norman Angell|Sir Norman Angell]]
| {{UK}}
| Writer, member of the Executive Committee of the [[League of Nations]] and the [[National Peace Council]]
|-
| 1934
| [[Arthur Henderson]]
| {{UK}}
| Chairman of the [[League of Nations]] [[League of Nations Disarmament Conference|Disarmament Conference]]
|-
| 1935
| [[Carl von Ossietzky]]
| {{flag|Germany|Weimar}}
| Pacifist journalist.
|-
| 1936
| [[Carlos Saavedra Lamas]]
| {{ARG}}
| President of the [[League of Nations]] and mediator in the [[Chaco War]] between [[Paraguay]] and [[Bolivia]]
|-
| 1937
| [[Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood|Robert Cecil]]
| {{UK}}
| Founder and president of the [[International Peace Campaign]]
|-
| 1938
| [[Nansen passport|Nansen International Office For Refugees]]
| {{SUI}}
|
|-
| 1939
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1940
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1941
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1942
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1943
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1944
| [[International Committee of the Red Cross]]
| {{SUI}}
| Awarded retroactively in 1945
|-
| 1945
| [[Cordell Hull]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| For co-initiating the [[United Nations]]
|-
| 1946*
| [[Emily Greene Balch]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| Honorary international president of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]]
|-
| 1946*
| [[John Mott|John R. Mott]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| Chairman of the [[International Missionary Council]] and president of the [[World Alliance of Young Mens Christian Associations|World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations]]
|-
| 1947
| [[Quaker Peace and Social Witness|Friends Service Council]]<br>[[American Friends Service Committee]]
| {{UK}}<br>{{flag|United States|1912}}
| On behalf of the [[Religious Society of Friends]], better known as the Quakers
|-
| 1948
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
| May have been awarded to [[Mohandas Gandhi]] had he not been assassinated.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/peace/articles/gandhi/index.html Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate], Nobelprize.org</ref>
|-
| 1949
| [[John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr|Lord Boyd-Orr]]
| {{UK}}
| Director general [[Food and Agricultural Organization]], president [[National Peace Council]], president [[World Union of Peace Organizations]]
|-
| 1950
| [[Ralph Bunche]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| for mediating in [[Palestine]] (1948)
|-
| 1951
| [[Léon Jouhaux]]
| {{FRA}}
| President of the [[International Committee of the European Council]], vice president of the [[International Confederation of Free Trade Unions]], vice president of the [[World Federation of Trade Unions]], member of the [[ILO Council]], delegate to the UN
|-
| 1952
| [[Albert Schweitzer]]
| {{FRA}}
| For his philosophy of "Reverence for Life", expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding the Lambaréné Hospital in [[Gabon]]
|-
| 1953
| [[George Marshall|George Catlett Marshall]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| For the [[Marshall Plan]]
|-
| 1954
| [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
|
|-
| 1955
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1956
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1957
| [[Lester B. Pearson|Lester Bowles Pearson]]
| {{flag|Canada|1957}}
| President of the 7th session of the [[United Nations]] General Assembly for introducing peacekeeping forces to resolve the [[Suez Crisis]]
|-
| 1958
| [[Dominique Pire|Georges Pire]]
| {{BEL}}
| Leader of [[lEurope du Coeur au Service du Monde|L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde]], a relief organization for refugees.
|-
| 1959
| [[Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker|Philip Noel-Baker]]
| {{UK}}
| "for his lifelong ardent work for international peace and co-operation."
|-
| 1960
| [[Albert Lutuli]]
| {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
| President, [[African National Congress]]
|-
| 1961
| [[Dag Hammarskjöld]]
| {{SWE}}
| Secretary-General, [[United Nations]] (posthumous)
|-
| 1962
| [[Linus Pauling|Linus Carl Pauling]]
| {{USA}}
| "for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing."
|-
| 1963
| [[International Committee of the Red Cross]]<br>[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|League of Red Cross societies]]
| {{SUI}}
|
|-
| 1964
| [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.]]
| {{USA}}
| Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, campaigner for civil rights
|-
| 1965
| [[United Nations Children's Fund|United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
|
|-
| 1966
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1967
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1968
| [[René Cassin]]
| {{FRA}}
| President, [[European Court of Human Rights]]
|-
| 1969
| [[International Labour Organization]]
| {{UNO}}
|
|-
| 1970
| [[Norman Borlaug]]
| {{USA}}
| "for research at the [[International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center]]."
|-
| 1971
| [[Willy Brandt]]
| {{Flag|West Germany}}
| "for [[West Germany]]'s ''[[Ostpolitik]]'', embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and [[East Germany]]."
|-
| 1972
| ''[Not awarded]''
|
|
|-
| 1973
| [[Henry Kissinger|Henry A. Kissinger]]<br>[[Le Duc Tho|Lê Ðức Thọ]] (declined the honors)
| {{USA}}<br>{{flag|North Vietnam}}
| The [[Paris Peace Accords|Vietnam peace accord]]
|-
| 1974
| [[Seán MacBride]]<br>[[Eisaku Satō|Eisaku Sato]]
| {{IRL}}<br>{{JPN}}
| President of the [[International Peace Bureau]] the Commission of [[Namibia]] of the [[United Nations]]
|-
| 1975
| [[Andrei Sakharov|Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov]]
| {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}
| Campaigns for human rights
|-
| 1976
| [[Betty Williams (nobel laureate)|Betty Williams]]<br>[[Mairead Corrigan]]
| {{UK}}
| Founders of the [[Northern Ireland Peace Movement]] (later renamed [[Community of Peace People]])
|-
| 1977
| [[Amnesty International]]
| {{UK}}
| Campaign against torture
|-
| 1978
| [[Anwar Al Sadat|Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat]]<br>(محمد أنور السادات)<br>[[Menachem Begin]] (מנחם בגין)
| {{flag|Egypt|1972}}<br>{{ISR}}
| For negotiating peace between [[Egypt]] and [[Israel]]
|-
| 1979
| [[Mother Teresa]]
| {{flag|India}}
| Poverty awareness campaigner and her service to humanity
|-
| 1980
| [[Adolfo Pérez Esquivel]]
| {{ARG}}
| Human rights advocate
|-
| 1981
| [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
|
|-
| 1982
| [[Alva Myrdal]]<br>[[Alfonso García Robles]]
| {{SWE}}<br>{{MEX}}
| [[Treaty of Tlatelolco]]
|-
| 1983
| [[Lech Wałęsa]]
| {{POL}}
| Founder of [[Solidarity|Solidarność]]; campaigner for human rights
|-
| 1984
| [[Desmond Tutu|Desmond Mpilo Tutu]]
| {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
| Anti-[[apartheid]]
|-
| 1985
| [[International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War]]
| {{USA}}
| "for spreading authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare."
|-
| 1986
| [[Elie Wiesel]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Night (book)|author]], [[the Holocaust|Holocaust]] [[List of famous Holocaust survivors|survivor]] "for his message of peace."<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1986/press.html Press Release - Peace 1986<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
| 1987
| [[Óscar Arias|Óscar Arias Sánchez]]
| {{CRC}}
| "for initiating peace negotiations in [[Central America]]."
|-
| 1988
| [[Peacekeeping|United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
| For participation in numerous conflicts since 1956. At the time of the award, 736 people from a variety of nations had lost their lives in peacekeeping efforts.
|-
| 1989
| [[Tenzin Gyatso]], the 14th [[Dalai Lama]]
| {{Flag|Tibet}}
| "for his consistent resistance to the use of violence in his people's struggle to regain their freedom."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize|work=Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)|url=http://www.nobelpreis.org/english/frieden/dalai-lama.html}}</ref>
|-
| 1990
| [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev]]<br>(Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв)
| {{USSR}}
| "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community."
|-
| 1991
| [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] (အောင္‌ဆန္‌းစုက္ရည or [[Image:AungSanSuuKyi1.png|80px]])
| {{MYA}}
| "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights."
|-
| 1992
| [[Rigoberta Menchú]]
| {{GUA}}
| "in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples."
|-
| 1993
| [[Nelson Mandela]]<br>[[Frederik Willem de Klerk]]
| {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
| "for their work for the peaceful termination of the [[apartheid]] regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa."
|-
| 1994
| [[Yasser Arafat]] (ياسر عرفات)<br>[[Shimon Peres]] (שמעון פרס)<br>[[Yitzhak Rabin]] (יצחק רבין)
| {{PLE}}<br>{{ISR}}<br>{{ISR}}
| "for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East."
|-
| 1995
| [[Joseph Rotblat]]<br>[[Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs]]
| {{POL}}<br>{{UK}}<br>{{CAN}}
| "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms."
|-
| 1996
| [[Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo]]<br>[[José Ramos-Horta]]
| {{TLS}}
| "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."
|-
| 1997
| [[International Campaign to Ban Landmines]]<br>[[Jody Williams]]
| {{USA}}
| "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines."
|-
| 1998
| [[John Hume]]<br>[[David Trimble, Baron Trimble|David Trimble]]
| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Ireland]]<br>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
| "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland."
|-
| 1999
| [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] (Doctors Without Borders)
| {{SUI}}
| "in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents."
|-
| 2000
| [[Kim Dae Jung]]<br>김대중 (金大中)
| {{KOR}}
| "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular."
|-
| 2001
| [[United Nations]]<br>[[Kofi Annan]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}<br>{{GHA}}
| "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."
|-
| 2002
| [[Jimmy Carter]]
| {{USA}}
| Former [[President of the United States]], "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."
|-
| 2003
| [[Shirin Ebadi]] (شيرين عبادي)
| {{IRN}}
| "for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children."
|-
| 2004
| [[Wangari Maathai]]
| {{KEN}}
| "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace."
|-
| 2005
| [[International Atomic Energy Agency]]<br>[[Mohamed ElBaradei]]<br>(محمد البرادعي)
| {{Flag|United Nations}}<br>{{EGY}}
| "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way."
|-
| 2006
| [[Muhammad Yunus]] (মুহাম্মদ ইউনুস)<br>[[Grameen Bank]]
| {{BAN}}
| "for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor, especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work."
|-
| 2007
| [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]<br>[[Al Gore]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}<br>{{USA}}
| "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."
|-
| 2008
| [[Martti Ahtisaari]]
| {{Flag|Finland}}
| Former [[President of Finland]], "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"<ref>{{cite web |url= http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2008/ |title= The Nobel Peace Prize 2008 |publisher=Nobelprize.org |accessdate=2008-10-10}}</ref>
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Years with multiple nominations for a Nobel Prize.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Atoms for Peace Award]]
* [[Gandhi Peace Prize]]
* [[Lenin Peace Prize]]
* [[Nobel Prize]]
* [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]]
* [[Magsaysay Award]]
* [[Sweden-Norway]]


==External links==
==External links==
*{{imdb title|id=1280558|title=A Wednesday}}
*[http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/index.html "All Nobel Laureates in Peace"] – Index webpage on the official site of the [[Nobel Foundation]].
*[http://www.awednesdaythefilm.com/ ''A Wednesday'' Official Website]
*[http://nobelpeaceprize.org/index.html "The Nobel Peace Prize"] – Official webpage of the [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]] for the [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]].
*[http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/ "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies"] – Official hyperlinked webpage of the Nobel Foundation.
*[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/ "The Nobel Prize in Peace"] – Official site of the [[Nobel Foundation]].
*[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medals/ "The Nobel Prize Medals and the Medal for the Prize in Economics"] – By Birgitta Lemmel; an article on the history of the design of the medals featured on the official site.
*[http://nobelprize.org/peace/nomination/database.html "The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Peace, 1901-1955"] – Database featured on the official site of the Nobel Foundation.
*[http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/prize.html "What the Nobel Laureates Receive"] – Featured link in "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies".

{{Nobel Prizes}}
{{Nobel Peace}}

<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize]]


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[[pl:Pokojowa Nagroda Nobla]]
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[[uk:Нобелівська премія миру]]
[[zh:诺贝尔和平奖]]

Revision as of 11:40, 11 October 2008

A Wednesday
Promotional poster for the film
Directed byNeeraj Pandey
Produced byRonnie Screwvala
Shital Bhatia
Anjum Rizvi
StarringAnupam Kher
Naseeruddin Shah
Music bySanjoy Chowdhury
Distributed byUTV Motion Pictures
Release date
September 5 2008
CountryIndia India
LanguageHindi

A Wednesday is a Hindi Bollywood film released on 5 September 2008. It was directed by Neeraj Pandey, and produced by Ronnie Screwvala, and UTV Spotboy Productions. The movie stars Anupam Kher and Naseeruddin Shah in leading roles. The music score is by Sanjoy Chowdhury. The movie tells the story of events that unfold between 2 pm and 6 pm on a particular Wednesday—events which do not exist in any record but which deeply affects the lives of those involved. This movie marks the return of Kher and Shah together on screen after a gap of 12 years.

Synopsis

The Mumbai Police Commissioner, Prakash Rathod (played by Anupam Kher) is going to retire the next day and he recalls a certain event when he got a call from an anonymous caller (played by Naseeruddin Shah) demanding the release of four militants in lieu of information on bombs that the man had planted in various parts of the city. At first, Prakash suspects it to be a prank call but his doubts are dispelled once he actually finds a bomb planted in the police station right opposite his Police Headquarters. He gets a team of his best men together and taps all his resources to track down the man.

Meanwhile, he comes across Naina Roy (Deepal Shaw), a wannabe TV news reporter who also has been tipped off by the anonymous caller. Time passes without any concrete results on the identity of the caller. Ultimately, Prakash Rathore gives in to caller's demand and puts two of his best men, Arif (Jimmy Shergill) and Jai (Amir Bashir) to hand over the four militants at the Juhu Aviation Base Strip as demanded by the caller.

Arif decides to not hand over one of the militants so as to ensure that all the bomb information can be forced out of the caller. But as soon as they leave the rest of the militants by a bench, they find that the bench is blown up by powerful explosives killing all three militants. The anonymous caller then forces them to kill the fourth (and last) militant and reveals that he (the caller) is a common man who was sick of living in terror and decided to act. They eventually trace him to an abandoned building but everybody in the department is reluctant to catch him as they are pretty moved by the common man's narration about his life and the motive behind all the happenings. But Prakash Rathod goes to the location to find the man coming out of the building. They shake hands and depart. Prakash Rathod spares the common man. Prakash Rathod discusses the issue with the Chief Minister of the state and decide to bury the matter and destroy all records of the episode.

Cast

References

Reviews

  • Subhash K. Jha, newkerals.com, August 27 2008, "Anupam Kher impresses Narendra Modi with 'A Wednesday'"
  • Elvis D'Silva, Rediff India Abroad, September 5 2008, "Watch Wednesday"
  • Nikhat Kazmi, The Times of India, September 5 2008, "A Wednesday - Best shot by Anupam Kher and Naseeruddin Shah"
  • Gaurav Malani, The Economic Times, September 5 2008, "A Wednesday: Movie Review"
  • Rajeev Masand, IBN Live, September 6 2008, "Masand's Verdict: Any day, watch A Wednesday"
  • Nikhat Kazmi, The Times of India, September 5 2008, "A Wednesday"
  • Nikhil Kumar, ApunkaChoice.com, "'A Wednesday' -Could make your day"
  • A Common Man, [1], "'A Wednesday' - A Story of an Aaam Aadmi that gives you the feel of Freedom!. A must watch movie!"

External links

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