Hindi movie

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Hindi film productions
year number
1931-1935 434
1936-1940 490
1941-1945 435
1946-1950 758
1951-1955 541
1956-1960 584
1961-1965 481
1966-1970 459
1971-1975 634
1976-1980 612
1981-1985 784
1986-1990 867
1991-1995 899

The Hindi film is produced in Mumbai (formerly Bombay ). In addition to Tamil film and Telugu film , most films in the Indian film industry are made in this language . As a synonym for Hindi - film industry the colloquial term Bollywood ( Hindi बॉलीवुड ) widespread. This term originated in the 1970s and referred exclusively to Hindi entertainment films , which, due to their commercial nature, were given the title by an Indian film critic based on the US American film studios in Hollywood . The word cross Bollywood therefore contains the components Bo mbay and Hollywood . The term Bollywood has met with criticism from Indian citizens and filmmakers because they do not want their studios to be compared to the western Hollywood studios.

Well-known studios are Filmalaya and Film City in the north of the city. Around 200 to 250 Hindi films are currently produced annually.

backgrounds

Although the film industry started in the 1930s, the 1960s and 1970s are considered to be its heyday. Many epic films were made in the 1980s and early 1990s. At the turn of the millennium, the Indian film industry was in crisis, suffering from video piracy and the emergence of satellite television, among other things. With the emergence of multiplex centers in cities, different types of genres are emerging.

There is no such thing as a typical Bollywood film, but there are schemes in the narrative style. In general, it can be said that the films usually last two and a half to four hours, contain an interruption and the action is usually interrupted and narrated by several musical dance scenes , similar to the western musical . The film songs are often played as music videos on MTV or B4U Music for advertising purposes before they even open in theaters .

A successful production should contain all nine rasas , the traditionally handed down components of Indian art: love, heroism, disgust, comedy, horror, wondrous, anger, pathos and peacefulness.

Many films are made in pure Hindi , but most of them are made in Hindustani . In addition, up to 80 percent Urdu vocabulary is used in Bollywood films . However, public broadcasting of Bollywood films in Pakistan , where Urdu is spoken, is strictly censored.

Time-related fashions can be recognized in the content: In the 1970s, films with lots of action elements were often in vogue, for example Indo-Westerns like Sholay . Since the mid-1990s, especially since the great success of Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge in 1995, love films have dominated, which often revolve around lavish weddings.

State censorship in India is less of a problem for filmmakers than the self-censorship of producers trying to sell the film. In order for films to be profitable, visitors have to go to the cinema several times, preferably with the whole family. Therefore, most of the Indian hits are extremely family-friendly.

Indian films have always found their distribution area in Asia and Africa , where they are a serious competitor to Hollywood. Bollywood films become hits especially in areas of foreign Indian people like London or New York . In recent years these productions have also become more and more popular among non-Indians.

Bollywood cinema is supported by a strongly developed star system , with directors repeatedly making a name for themselves. Stars are omnipresent in India and are featured on most advertising posters.

criticism

On the part of the critics, Bollywood producers are often accused of saying that a high proportion of films are merely bad remakes of foreign and Indian productions. This is the only way to manage the huge output of films every year.

Furthermore, the studios are subject to a discriminatory hiring policy, since dark-skinned Indians are systematically disadvantaged. The film business is serving and promoting an Indian ideal of beauty, and in this way it reinforces the racist prejudices that are latent in the population. While fair-skinned people are considered “western” and sublime, dark-skinned people are viewed as inferior and marginalized, which leads them to consume expensive skin-lightening products (“Fair & Lovely” scandal).

It is striking that, far from reality, poor Indians practically do not appear at all in the Bollywood films of the past three decades. Almost without exception, the characters belong to the upper middle or upper class.

Most successful films

Highest box office earnings (adjusted for inflation)

Longest running time

Lagaan was nominated for an Oscar for best foreign language film in 2002. He was after Mother India and Salaam Bombay! the third Indian film to be nominated for this award.

Film awards and festivals

The largest award shows for Bollywood films are the Filmfare Awards , Star Screen Awards , the Zee Cine Awards, and the International Indian Film Academy Awards . In Germany this has Indian Film Festival Stuttgart established. Further film festivals related to Bollywood can be found in Florence and Prague, among others.

Bollywood in Germany

In recent years, commercial Indian films have also become more popular in Germany. A broad evaluation in various media was responsible for this. The trigger for the real Bollywood boom was the DVD release of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham - In good and bad days and the following TV broadcast of the film on RTL2.

In the cinema

As early as the 1950s, commercial Hindi films such as The Vagabond , Shambhu , Drive across Three Seas , The Prince of Piplinagar and Under the Mantle of Night were shown in the GDR cinema. In the 1990s, Bollywood films were shown sporadically in Germany. However, these presentations were mostly reserved for NRIs (Indians living in Germany). In the end, it was the Friends of the German Kinemathek (now Arsenal Berlin) who had a selection of Bollywood films toured through Germany through specially initiated film series in 2001 and 2002 and specifically addressed non-Indian viewers. On June 20, 2002, Columbia Tristar brought the Oscar-nominated historical epic Lagaan to German cinemas, but only as a cinema tour with English subtitles. A year later the film label Rapid Eye Movies dared an official theatrical release with the Indian blockbuster Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham . The film was shown with German subtitles and the press coverage was considerable. Since then, Bollywood films have been shown in German cinemas at regular intervals, including Kal Ho Naa Ho , Main Hoon Na , Veer-Zaara , Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna . Dhoom: 3 had the second highest earnings over the weekend at € 78,677, beating My Name Is Khan's € 75,466 . Over the course of the weekend, Happy New Year - Herzensdiebe raised € 260,918, making it the highest grossing result for a Hindi film in Germany.

On DVD

In addition to many black copies , there have also been official German DVD releases for several years. Columbia Tristar published Mission Kashmir - The Bloody Way of Freedom (dubbed German) in 2002 and Lagaan - Once Upon a Time in India . But only the release of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham - In good as in difficult days (dubbed in German), coupled with a broadcast of the film on RTL2 brought real success. Numerous other DVDs of great Indian blockbusters followed. Some titles made it into the top ten of the German DVD charts.

On TV

Bollywood films were shown on the DFF in the 1950s and 1960s ; Only in the last few years have Bollywood productions been shown more and more on Arte (including Dil Se - From Whole Heart ) and VOX (since 2003, Hindi with German subtitles) and, since 2004, most successfully on RTL 2 (dubbed). In autumn 2004, RTL2 reached over a million viewers with the broadcast of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham .

Most of the time, the films on RTL 2 are not broadcast in full, but are slightly shortened. For a long film like Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, the cuts were around half an hour. On the other hand, some films were shown as “Special Editions” with “Deleted Scenes” ( Veer and Zaara - The legend of a love , Kaal - The secret of the jungle , Swades - home ).

The German-language broadcaster Zee.One , which specializes in Bollywood films, series and music videos, has existed since the end of July 2016 .

Bollywood on stage

In Germany and the rest of Europe, two major stage shows in the style of films, fashion and music from India have been touring since 2007.

  • Bollywood - The Show , originally English. Title Merchants of Bollywood . The biography of the Vaibhavi Merchant , known in India, provides the framework for the show. In 2004 alone, 16 films by this award-winning choreographer were at least partly dance-rehearsed.
  • Bharati , produced by Gashash Deshe. The premiere took place in January 2006 in Paris. This show, which is even more elaborate with 100 actors, puts songs from Léo Delibes ' India opera Lakmé and from Indian film classics on stage. The title of this show alludes to the Hindi name of India (Bharat) and the religious meaning of the deity (Bharati Brahman, search for light). The narrator links the songs and associated dances to a love story, which is intended to provide information about the Indian way of life. 3 female and 2 male singers perform with a 15-piece orchestra in which rhythm instruments dominate (the dancer Bhavna Pani is the protagonist; the prince charming is not called Siddharta by chance - danced by Gagan Malik).

literature

Novels

Web links

Commons : Bollywood  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen: Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema . Revised edition. Oxford University Press, New Delhi 1999, pp. 30-32
  2. ↑ Is Bollywood an imitation of Hollywood? ( Memento from December 23, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ jump-cut.de
  4. ↑ jump-cut.de
  5. ↑ npr.org
  6. ↑ timesonline.co.uk
  7. ↑ dreamink.blogspot.com
  8. ^ Website about Bollywood plagiarism ( Memento from July 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Daniele Muscionico: A smile tears the heavens open. ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: NZZ Folio , October 2005. Retrieved on November 25, 2013.
  10. ↑ Sharukh Khan dances without end (title of the print edition of February 9, page 61) , NZZ, February 9, 2018
  11. ↑ Peter Zander: Asterix against the Romans in India . In: Die Welt , July 19, 2002
  12. ^ Rüdiger Sturm: Emotional overwhelm à la Bollywood . In: Spiegel Online , December 11, 2003