Interstate Cadet: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Variants: The L-6 did not have a suffix letter
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name=Interstate Cadet
| name=Interstate Cadet
| image=Interstate L-6 Cadet USAF Museum.jpg
| image=Interstate L-6 Cadet USAF Museum.jpg
| caption=An L-6 of the USAF Museum
| caption=An L-6 of the USAF Museum
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type=Utility monoplane
| type=Utility monoplane
| national origin=United States
| national origin=United States
Line 18: Line 18:
}}
}}
|}
|}
The '''Interstate Cadet''' is an [[United States|American]] two-seat tandem, high wing, single engine [[monoplane]] light aircraft. Around 320 of these aircraft were produced between the years of 1941 and 1942 by the [[Interstate Aircraft|Interstate Aircraft and Engineering Corporation]] based in El Segundo, [[California]]. The construction techniques employed were a welded steel tube [[fuselage]], wood (spruce) wing structure with metal ribs, and fabric covering, all of which were fairly standard in the 1940s.
The '''Interstate Cadet''' was an American two-seat tandem, high wing, single-engine [[monoplane]] light aircraft. Around 320 of these aircraft were produced between the years 1941 and 1942 by the [[Interstate Aircraft|Interstate Aircraft and Engineering Corporation]] based in El Segundo, [[California]]. The construction techniques employed were a welded steel tube [[fuselage]], wood (spruce) wing structure with metal ribs, and fabric covering, all of which were fairly standard in the 1940s.

An Interstate Cadet, flown by aviator [[Cornelia Fort]] and an unknown student, was one of the first aircraft (if not the first) to be attacked by [[IJNAS]] Japanese naval planes en route to the [[Pearl Harbor]] attack on December 7, 1941.


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The aircraft in its original version (the S1 prototype) was powered by the 50hp [[Continental A50]] [[Piston engine|engine]], but was soon upgraded (the S1-A-65F variant) to the [[Continental A65]] engine. This was the mainstay used in most small two-seat aircraft of the time. This aircraft was also used in WW2, being named the L-6A.
The original version, the S1 prototype, was powered by the 50 hp [[Continental A50]] [[Piston engine|engine]], but was soon upgraded to the [[Continental A65]] engine and redesignated as the S1-A-65F. This was a common engine used in many small American two-seat aircraft of the time. This aircraft would be used during [[World War II]] under the L-6A designation.


In 1945 the rights to the aircraft were sold to [[Harlow Aircraft Company]] which in turn resold the tooling and parts to [[Call Aircraft Company]] of Afton Wyoming in 1946 for $5000. Callair had rebuilt a number of S-1, S-1A and L6 aircraft with and without engine upgrades for local ranchers and bush pilots as well as two examples of their own serial numbered '''CallAir S-1A-90C''' before stopping production.<ref>{{cite journal|magazine=Air Progress Sport Aircraft|title=The Quiet Professor|date=Winter 1969}}, {Anelon interviews with former Callair employees}</ref>
In 1945 the rights to the aircraft were sold to [[Harlow Aircraft Company]], which in turn resold the tooling and parts to the [[Call Aircraft Company]] of [[Afton, Wyoming]] in 1946 for $5,000 (${{Inflation|US|5000|1946|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}).<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-10-18 |title=Alhambra Airport |url=http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry/alhambra.htm |url-status=dead |work=[[Occidental College]] |location=[[Los Angeles]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528003939/http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry/alhambra.htm |archive-date=2007-05-28 |access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> Callair rebuilt a number of S-1, S-1A and L-6s, some with engine upgrades, for local ranchers and bush pilots as well as two examples of their own serial numbered '''CallAir S-1A-90C''' before stopping production, focusing instead on variations of its original [[CallAir Model A]] (which also sold in small numbers, fewer than 200 total units).<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Air Progress Sport Aircraft|title=The Quiet Professor|date=Winter 1969}}, {Anelon interviews with former Callair employees}</ref>


Some have wondered why the S1 did not become successful during early 40's. One reason is that this aircraft cost almost three times the amount of the comparable [[Piper J-3 Cub]]. However, a close look at the two aircraft reveals that the Cadet is far superior. It is faster, stronger, and can be operated in a more rugged environment with its Oleo strut/Compression spring suspension system. Popular upgrades for this airframe include: larger engines(75/85/90/100hp), better brakes, and a different tailwheel system.
One reason the Cadet may not have sold well was that this aircraft cost almost three times the amount of the comparable [[Piper J-3 Cub]]. However, a close look at the two aircraft reveals that the Cadet was faster, stronger, and could be operated in a more rugged environment with its Oleo strut/Compression spring suspension system. Popular upgrades for this airframe included larger engines(75/85/90/100&nbsp;hp), better brakes, and a different [[conventional undercarriage|tailwheel]] system.


In the late 1960s the [[type certificate]]s and tooling were bought by the newly formed [[Arctic Aircraft]] Company. Arctic Aircraft transformed the S-1B1 into a bush plane by upgrading structural elements of the fuselage, landing gear, and wings. This new aircraft, designated the S-1B2, was reconfigured with a [[Lycoming O-320]] 160 HP engine and 82” [[McCauley Propeller Systems|McCauley]] propeller for increased performance.
In the late 1960s the [[type certificate]]s and tooling were bought by the newly formed [[Arctic Aircraft]] Company who transformed the S-1B1 into a bush plane by upgrading structural elements of the fuselage, landing gear and wings. This aircraft was designated the S-1B2, was used a [[Lycoming O-320]] 160&nbsp;HP engine and a [[McCauley Propeller Systems|McCauley]] propeller for increased performance and was certified in 1975 as the [[Arctic Aircraft Arctic Tern|Arctic Tern]]. The new Type certification also covered installing the same engine in otherwise standard Interstate Cadets.

In 1975, the revived and modernised Model S-1B2 was certified as the [[Arctic Aircraft Arctic Tern|Arctic Tern]].

Type certification was also obtained for some of the original Interstate Cadets to use the 160 hp Lycoming O-320 engine but without the full complement of modifications and upgrades provided in the Arctic Tern.


==Variants==
==Variants==
[[File:Arctictern.jpg|250px|thumb|A later S-1B2 Arctic Tern]]
[[File:Arctictern.jpg|250px|thumb|A later S-1B2 Arctic Tern]]
[[File:AeroCaptureImages-InterstateCadet0055.jpg|thumb|Interstate Cadet S-1A]]
;S-1
;S-1
:Certified in 1940 and powered by a [[Continental A50-8]] engine.<ref name="ATC2-758" />
:Certified in 1940 and powered by a [[Continental A50-8]] engine.<ref name="ATC2-758" />
;S-1A
;S-1A
:Certified in 1941 and powered by a [[Continental A65-8]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
:Certified in 1941 and powered by a [[Continental A65-8]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
[[Image:Interstate S-1A-65F Cadet.jpg|thumb|right|Interstate S-1A-65F Cadet rooftop landing]]
;S-1A-65F
;S-1A-65F
:1941 variant powered by a 65hp [[Franklin 4AC-176-B2]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
:1941 variant powered by a 65hp [[Franklin 4AC-176-B2]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
;S-1A-85F
;S-1A-85F
:1942 variant powered by a 85hp [[Franklin 4AC-199-D2]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
:1942 variant powered by an 85hp [[Franklin 4AC-199-D2]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
;S-1A-90C
;S-1A-90C
:1952 Callair variant powered by a 90hp [[Continental C90-8]] engine. 2 only built. <ref name="ATC737"/>
:1952 Callair variant powered by a 90hp [[Continental C90-8]] engine.only two built.<ref name="ATC737"/>
;S-1A-90F
;S-1A-90F
:1942 variant powered by 90hp [[Franklin 4AC-199-E2]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
:1942 variant powered by 90hp [[Franklin 4AC-199-E2]] engine.<ref name="ATC737" />
Line 54: Line 52:
;XO-63 Grasshopper
;XO-63 Grasshopper
:United States Army designation for one S-1B for evaluation, later designated the XL-6.<ref name="Andrade" />
:United States Army designation for one S-1B for evaluation, later designated the XL-6.<ref name="Andrade" />
;L-6A Grasshopper
;L-6 Grasshopper
:United States Army designation for the S-1B1, 250 built.<ref name="Andrade" />
:United States Army designation for the S-1B1, 250 built.<ref name="Andrade" />
;L-8A Cadet
;L-8A Cadet
:United States Army designation for eight S-1As ordered on behalf of the Bolivian Air Force.<ref name="Andrade" />
:United States Army designation for eight S-1As ordered on behalf of the Bolivian Air Force.<ref name="Andrade" />


== Specifications (S-1A) ==
== Specifications (S-1B1) ==
[[File:Interstate L-6 3-view line drawing.png|frameless|right|3-view line drawing of the Interstate L-6]]

{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=<!-- reference -->
|ref=<!-- reference -->
Line 68: Line 68:
|genhide=
|genhide=


|crew=2
|crew=two
|capacity=
|capacity=
|length m=7.15
|length m=7.15
Line 235: Line 235:
|sink rate note=
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|wing loading note=
|disk loading kg/m2
|disk loading kg/m2=
|disk loading lb/sqft=
|disk loading lb/sqft=
|disk loading note=
|disk loading note=
Line 269: Line 269:


<ref name="ATC737">
<ref name="ATC737">
{{cite web | title=Type Certificate Data Sheet #A-737| url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/f5f8d40ce0a21b66862574c6005f05e1/$FILE/A-737.pdf| date=31 October 2007|publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]| accessdate=2009-12-20}}
{{cite web | title=Type Certificate Data Sheet #A-737| url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/f5f8d40ce0a21b66862574c6005f05e1/$FILE/A-737.pdf| date=31 October 2007|publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]| access-date=2009-12-20}}
</ref>
</ref>


⚫
<ref name="ATC754">{{cite web| title=Type Certificate Data Sheet #A-754| url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/dd29e4b6c44bcd20862574c600611bea/$FILE/A-754.pdf| date=31 October 2007| publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]| access-date=2009-12-20| archive-date=2019-08-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807154252/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/dd29e4b6c44bcd20862574c600611bea/$FILE/A-754.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="ATC754">
⚫
{{cite web | title=Type Certificate Data Sheet #A-754| url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/dd29e4b6c44bcd20862574c600611bea/$FILE/A-754.pdf| date=31 October 2007|publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]| accessdate=2009-12-20}}
</ref>


⚫
<ref name="ATC2-758">{{cite web| title=Type Certificate Data Sheet #2-558| url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/a0210d5c3cf8e2df862574c600616d3e/$FILE/2-558.pdf| date=31 October 2007| publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]| access-date=2009-12-20| archive-date=2019-08-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807154252/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/a0210d5c3cf8e2df862574c600616d3e/$FILE/2-558.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="ATC2-758">
⚫
{{cite web | title=Type Certificate Data Sheet #2-558| url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/a0210d5c3cf8e2df862574c600616d3e/$FILE/2-558.pdf| date=31 October 2007|publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]| accessdate=2009-12-20}}
</ref>
}}
}}
;Bibliography
;Bibliography
{{commonscat|Interstate Cadet}}
{{commons category|Interstate Cadet}}


{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
Line 288: Line 284:


<!-- ==External links== -->
<!-- ==External links== -->
⚫
{{Interstate aircraft}}

{{USAF liaison aircraft}}
{{USAF liaison aircraft}}
{{USAAF observation aircraft}}
{{USAAF observation aircraft}}
⚫
{{Interstate aircraft}}
{{aviation lists}}


[[Category:Interstate aircraft]]
[[Category:Interstate aircraft]]
[[Category:United States civil utility aircraft 1940–1949]]
[[Category:1940s United States civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1940]]

Latest revision as of 02:29, 19 May 2023

Interstate Cadet
An L-6 of the USAF Museum
Role Utility monoplane
National origin United States
Manufacturer Interstate Aircraft and Engineering Corporation
First flight 1940
Primary user United States Army
Number built 574
Variants Arctic Tern

The Interstate Cadet was an American two-seat tandem, high wing, single-engine monoplane light aircraft. Around 320 of these aircraft were produced between the years 1941 and 1942 by the Interstate Aircraft and Engineering Corporation based in El Segundo, California. The construction techniques employed were a welded steel tube fuselage, wood (spruce) wing structure with metal ribs, and fabric covering, all of which were fairly standard in the 1940s.

An Interstate Cadet, flown by aviator Cornelia Fort and an unknown student, was one of the first aircraft (if not the first) to be attacked by IJNAS Japanese naval planes en route to the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7, 1941.

Design and development[edit]

The original version, the S1 prototype, was powered by the 50 hp Continental A50 engine, but was soon upgraded to the Continental A65 engine and redesignated as the S1-A-65F. This was a common engine used in many small American two-seat aircraft of the time. This aircraft would be used during World War II under the L-6A designation.

In 1945 the rights to the aircraft were sold to Harlow Aircraft Company, which in turn resold the tooling and parts to the Call Aircraft Company of Afton, Wyoming in 1946 for $5,000 ($78,000 in 2023).[1] Callair rebuilt a number of S-1, S-1A and L-6s, some with engine upgrades, for local ranchers and bush pilots as well as two examples of their own serial numbered CallAir S-1A-90C before stopping production, focusing instead on variations of its original CallAir Model A (which also sold in small numbers, fewer than 200 total units).[2]

One reason the Cadet may not have sold well was that this aircraft cost almost three times the amount of the comparable Piper J-3 Cub. However, a close look at the two aircraft reveals that the Cadet was faster, stronger, and could be operated in a more rugged environment with its Oleo strut/Compression spring suspension system. Popular upgrades for this airframe included larger engines(75/85/90/100 hp), better brakes, and a different tailwheel system.

In the late 1960s the type certificates and tooling were bought by the newly formed Arctic Aircraft Company who transformed the S-1B1 into a bush plane by upgrading structural elements of the fuselage, landing gear and wings. This aircraft was designated the S-1B2, was used a Lycoming O-320 160 HP engine and a McCauley propeller for increased performance and was certified in 1975 as the Arctic Tern. The new Type certification also covered installing the same engine in otherwise standard Interstate Cadets.

Variants[edit]

A later S-1B2 Arctic Tern
Interstate Cadet S-1A
S-1
Certified in 1940 and powered by a Continental A50-8 engine.[3]
S-1A
Certified in 1941 and powered by a Continental A65-8 engine.[4]
S-1A-65F
1941 variant powered by a 65hp Franklin 4AC-176-B2 engine.[4]
S-1A-85F
1942 variant powered by an 85hp Franklin 4AC-199-D2 engine.[4]
S-1A-90C
1952 Callair variant powered by a 90hp Continental C90-8 engine.only two built.[4]
S-1A-90F
1942 variant powered by 90hp Franklin 4AC-199-E2 engine.[4]
S-1B1
1942 variant with a Franklin 4ACG-199-H3 engine. Military production as the L-6 Grasshopper.[5]
S-1B2 (Arctic Tern)
1975 improved variant of the S-1B1 powered by a Lycoming O-320-A2B or B2B engine.[5]
XO-63 Grasshopper
United States Army designation for one S-1B for evaluation, later designated the XL-6.[6]
L-6 Grasshopper
United States Army designation for the S-1B1, 250 built.[6]
L-8A Cadet
United States Army designation for eight S-1As ordered on behalf of the Bolivian Air Force.[6]

Specifications (S-1B1)[edit]

3-view line drawing of the Interstate L-6
3-view line drawing of the Interstate L-6

General characteristics

  • Crew: two
  • Length: 23 ft 5 in (7.15 m)
  • Wingspan: 35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)
  • Height: 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
  • Empty weight: 1,103 lb (500 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 1,650 lb (748 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Continental A65-8 , 65 hp (48 kW)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 114 mph (183 km/h, 99 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 105 mph (169 km/h, 91 kn)
  • Range: 540 mi (869 km, 470 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 16,500 ft (1,530 m)

See also[edit]

Related development

Related lists

References[edit]

Notes
  1. ^ "Alhambra Airport". Occidental College. Los Angeles. 2013-10-18. Archived from the original on 2007-05-28. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  2. ^ "The Quiet Professor". Air Progress Sport Aircraft. Winter 1969., {Anelon interviews with former Callair employees}
  3. ^ "Type Certificate Data Sheet #2-558" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 31 October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Type Certificate Data Sheet #A-737" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
  5. ^ a b "Type Certificate Data Sheet #A-754" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 31 October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
  6. ^ a b c Andrade 1979, p. 130
Bibliography
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Interstate Cadet.
  • Andrade, John (1979). U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Midland Counties Publications. ISBN 0-904597-22-9.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interstate_Cadet&oldid=1155640813"