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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Unreferenced stub|type =plant|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{Taxobox
|name = ''Isatis''
|image = Isatis tinctoria02.JPG
|image = Isatis tinctoria02.JPG
|image_caption = ''Isatis tinctoria''
|image_caption = ''Isatis tinctoria''
|taxon = Isatis
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Brassicales]]
|familia = [[Brassicaceae]]
|genus = '''''Isatis'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = About 30 species, including:<br/>
|subdivision = About 30 species, including:<br/>
''Isatis boissieriana<br/>
''Isatis boissieriana''<br/>
''Isatis glauca''<br/>
''Isatis glauca''<br/>
''[[Isatis tinctoria]]''<br/>
''[[Isatis tinctoria]]''<br/>
others (see text)
others (see text)
| synonyms = {{collapsible list |
|}}
*''Boreava'' <small>Jaub. & Spach</small>
'''''Isatis''''' is a genus of about 30 species of [[angiosperms|flowering plant]]s in the family [[Brassicaceae]], native to the [[Mediterranean]] region east to central [[Asia]]. The genus includes [[woad]] (''Isatis tinctoria'').
*''Martinsia'' <small>Godr.</small>
*''Pachypteris'' <small>Kar. & Kir.</small>
*''Pachypterygium'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''Sameraria'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''Tauscheria'' <small>Fisch. ex DC.</small>
*''Tetrapterygium'' <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small>
}}
|synonyms_ref =<ref name = "30287110-2" >{{cite web |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30287110-2 |title=''Isatis'' Tourn. ex L. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=13 August 2020 }}</ref>
}}


'''''Isatis''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Brassicaceae]], native to the [[Mediterranean]] region east to [[central Asia]]. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes [[woad]] (''Isatis tinctoria''). Due to their extremely variable morphology, the Asian species in particular are difficult to determine; the only reliable diagnostic feature is the ripe fruit. They are (usually) [[biennial plant|biennial]] or perennial [[herbaceous plant]]s, often bluish and hairless or downy hairy with the upright stem branched.<ref>H. Moazzeni et al .: Phylogeny of Isatis (Brassicaceae) and allied genera based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphological characters. In: Flora (Elsevier), Volume 205, 2010, pp. 337–343.</ref>
In China, the root is made into a medicinal tea commonly called [bǎn lán gēn (Pinyin) (Traditional Chinese 板藍根) (Simplified Chinese 板蓝根)]. Isatis is a very uncommon plant that is made into tea.


==Description==
"It Clears Heat, Expels Toxins, Benefits the Throat, Reduces Swelling, Invigorates the Blood and is used for conditions such as wind-heat, epidemic toxins and seasonal toxic pathogens presenting with swollen, painful, sore throat, ulcerated throat, high fever, mumps, red and swollen eyes and ears, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, abscesses, boils, carbuncles, furuncles."
They are annual, biennial or perennial, branched herbs, usually [[Glabrousness (botany)|glabrous]] and [[glaucous]] except [[silique]]. Basal leaves generally elliptic-oblong, [[sessility (botany)|sessile]]; sessile caulinary, rounded to oval-oblong.


The [[hermaphrodite]] flowers are fourfold double [[perianth]]. The four [[sepal]]s are ascending to upright. The four yellow to [[off-white]] or [[Lilac (color)|lilac]]-white petals are at least as long as the sepals. They have six [[stamen]]s with very small, egg-shaped or elongated-round anthers. There are [[nectar]] glands. [[Racemose]] is branched or paniculated, ebracted, inflorescence, often reaching lax and elongated in the fruit.
Ingredients: Radix Isatidix ( bǎn lán gēn )


The fruit is a generally linear silique, oblong-cuneate to suborbicular, indehiscent, flattened laterally, unilocular, little to conspicuously winged, glabrous or with tiny hairs.<ref>Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2010. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Fl. N. Amer. 7: i – xxii, 1–797.</ref>
Dosage & Usage: Mix the contents of 1 packet in hot water, take as needed.


==Species==
Caution: Use with caution in hemorrhagic disorders or with patients on anti-coagulant therapy.
Currently accepted species include:<ref name = "30287110-2" />
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
*''[[Isatis afghanica]]'' <small>Hadac & Chrtek</small>
*''[[Isatis amani]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis apennina]]'' <small>Ten. ex Grande</small>
*''[[Isatis apscheronica]]'' <small>N.Busch</small>
*''[[Isatis aptera]]'' <small>(Boiss. & Heldr.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.</small>
*''[[Isatis arenaria]]'' <small>Azn.</small>
*''[[Isatis armena]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Isatis arnoldiana]]'' <small>N.Busch</small>
*''[[Isatis aucheri]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis biscutellifolia]]'' <small>Boiss. & Buhse</small>
*''[[Isatis bitlisica]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis boissieriana]]'' <small>Rchb.f.</small>
*''[[Isatis brachycarpa]]'' <small>C.A.Mey.</small>
*''[[Isatis brevipes]]'' <small>(Bunge) Jafri</small>
*''[[Isatis bullata]]'' <small>Aitch. & Hemsl.</small>
*''[[Isatis bungeana]]'' <small>Seidlitz</small>
*''[[Isatis buschiana]]'' <small>Schischk.</small>
*''[[Isatis callifera]]'' <small>Boiss. & Balansa</small>
*''[[Isatis campylocarpa]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis canaliculata]]'' <small>(Vassilcz.) V.V.Botschantz.</small>
*''[[Isatis candolleana]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis cappadocica]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''[[Isatis cardiocarpa]]'' <small>(Trautv.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.</small>
*''[[Isatis caucasica]]'' <small>N.Busch</small>
*''[[Isatis cochlearis]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis constricta]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis costata]]'' <small>C.A.Mey.</small>
*''[[Isatis davisiana]]'' <small>H.Misirdali ex P.H.Davis, R.R.Mill & Kit Tan</small>
*''[[Isatis demiriziana]]'' <small>H.Misirdali ex P.H.Davis, R.R.Mill & Kit Tan</small>
*''[[Isatis densiflora]]'' <small>(Bunge ex Boiss.) D.A.German</small>
*''[[Isatis deserti]]'' <small>(N.Busch) V.V.Botschantz.</small>
*''[[Isatis djurjaedae]]'' <small>Coss. & Durieu</small>
*''[[Isatis elegans]]'' <small>(Boiss.) Hadac & Chrtek</small>
*''[[Isatis emarginata]]'' <small>Kar. & Kir.</small>
*''[[Isatis erzurumica]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis floribunda]]'' <small>Boiss. ex Bornm.</small>
*''[[Isatis frigida]]'' <small>Boiss. & Kotschy</small>
*''[[Isatis frutescens]]'' <small>Kar. & Kir.</small>
*''[[Isatis gaubae]]'' <small>Bornm.</small>
*''[[Isatis glastifolia]]'' <small>(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.</small>
*''[[Isatis glauca]]'' <small>Aucher ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis grammotis]]'' <small>Kit Tan</small>
*''[[Isatis gymnocarpa]]'' <small>(Fisch. ex DC.) Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.</small>
*''[[Isatis harsukhii]]'' <small>O.E.Schulz</small>
*''[[Isatis hirtocalyx]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
*''[[Isatis huber-morathii]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis iberica]]'' <small>Steven</small>
*''[[Isatis jacutensis]]'' <small>(N.Busch) N.Busch</small>
*''[[Isatis karjaginii]]'' <small>Schischk.</small>
*''[[Isatis kotschyana]]'' <small>Boiss. & Hohen.</small>
*''[[Isatis kozlovskyi]]'' <small>Grossh.</small>
*''[[Isatis laevigata]]'' <small>Trautv.</small>
*''[[Isatis latisiliqua]]'' <small>Steven</small>
*''[[Isatis leuconeura]]'' <small>Boiss. & Buhse</small>
*''[[Isatis littoralis]]'' <small>Steven</small>
*''[[Isatis lockmanniana]]'' <small>Kotschy ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis lusitanica]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Isatis mardinensis]]'' <small>P.H.Davis & H.Misirdali</small>
*''[[Isatis maxima]]'' <small>Pavlov</small>
*''[[Isatis microcarpa]]'' <small>J.Gay ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis minima]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''[[Isatis multicaulis]]'' <small>(Kar. & Kir.) Jafri</small>
*''[[Isatis oblongata]]'' <small>DC.</small>
*''[[Isatis odontogera]]'' <small>(Bordz.) D.A.German</small>
*''[[Isatis ornithorhynchus]]'' <small>N.Busch</small>
*''[[Isatis pachycarpa]]'' <small>Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.</small>
*''[[Isatis pinnatiloba]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis platyloba]]'' <small>Link ex Steud.</small>
*''[[Isatis praecox]]'' <small>Kit. ex Tratt.</small>
*''[[Isatis raimondoi]]'' <small>Di Grist., Scafidi & Domina</small>
*''[[Isatis raphanifolia]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis rugulosa]]'' <small>Bunge ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis sabulosa]]'' <small>Steven ex Ledeb.</small>
*''[[Isatis sevangensis]]'' <small>N.Busch</small>
*''[[Isatis sivasica]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis spatella]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis spectabilis]]'' <small>P.H.Davis</small>
*''[[Isatis steveniana]]'' <small>Trautv.</small>
*''[[Isatis stocksii]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis subdidyma]]'' <small>(N.Busch) [[Vandika Ervandovna Avetisyan|V.E.Avet.]]</small>
*''[[Isatis takhtajanii]]'' <small>Avet.</small>
*''[[Isatis tinctoria]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Isatis tomentella]]'' <small>Boiss. & Balansa</small>
*''[[Isatis trachycarpa]]'' <small>Trautv.</small>
*''[[Isatis turcomanica]]'' <small>Korsh.</small>
*''[[Isatis undulata]]'' <small>Aucher ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Isatis violascens]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''[[Isatis zarrei]]'' <small>Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mumm.</small>
{{div col end}}


==References==
It is also an ingredient in [[Gan mao ling]] [gǎn mào líng (Pinyin) (Traditional Chinese 感冒靈) (Simplified Chinese 感冒灵)]
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q157382}}
{{Authority control}}


== References ==
{{reflist}}
Amunts, Katrin; Schleicher, Axel; Zilles, Karl: "Outstanding armpit in peoples knees with sensual kisses in Broca’s speech region", Brain and Language 89.2 (June 2004):346-353.
[[Category:Brassicaceae]]
[[Category:Brassicaceae]]
[[Category:Brassicaceae genera]]
[[Category:Brassicaceae genera]]

Latest revision as of 18:06, 15 October 2023

Isatis
Isatis tinctoria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Isatis
L.
Species

About 30 species, including:
Isatis boissieriana
Isatis glauca
Isatis tinctoria
others (see text)

Synonyms[1]
List
    • Boreava Jaub. & Spach
    • Martinsia Godr.
    • Pachypteris Kar. & Kir.
    • Pachypterygium Bunge
    • Sameraria Desv.
    • Tauscheria Fisch. ex DC.
    • Tetrapterygium Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Isatis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad (Isatis tinctoria). Due to their extremely variable morphology, the Asian species in particular are difficult to determine; the only reliable diagnostic feature is the ripe fruit. They are (usually) biennial or perennial herbaceous plants, often bluish and hairless or downy hairy with the upright stem branched.[2]

Description[edit]

They are annual, biennial or perennial, branched herbs, usually glabrous and glaucous except silique. Basal leaves generally elliptic-oblong, sessile; sessile caulinary, rounded to oval-oblong.

The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold double perianth. The four sepals are ascending to upright. The four yellow to off-white or lilac-white petals are at least as long as the sepals. They have six stamens with very small, egg-shaped or elongated-round anthers. There are nectar glands. Racemose is branched or paniculated, ebracted, inflorescence, often reaching lax and elongated in the fruit.

The fruit is a generally linear silique, oblong-cuneate to suborbicular, indehiscent, flattened laterally, unilocular, little to conspicuously winged, glabrous or with tiny hairs.[3]

Species[edit]

Currently accepted species include:[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Isatis Tourn. ex L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  2. ^ H. Moazzeni et al .: Phylogeny of Isatis (Brassicaceae) and allied genera based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphological characters. In: Flora (Elsevier), Volume 205, 2010, pp. 337–343.
  3. ^ Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2010. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Fl. N. Amer. 7: i – xxii, 1–797.


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