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{{Infobox Military Person
{{Infobox military person
| name = Jean-Baptiste Broussier
| name = Jean-Baptiste Broussier
| image = [[Image:Général Jean Broussier.jpg|250px]]
| image = Général Jean Broussier.jpg
| born = 10 March 1766
| birth_date = 10 March 1766
| placeofbirth = [[Ville-sur-Saulx]]
| birth_place = [[Ville-sur-Saulx]]
| died = 13 December 1814
| death_date = 13 December 1814
| placeofdeath = [[Bar-le-Duc]]
| death_place = [[Bar-le-Duc]]
| allegiance =[[First French Republic]], <br>[[First French Empire]]
| allegiance =[[First French Republic]], <br>[[First French Empire]]
| rank = [[Divisional General|général de division]]
| rank = [[Divisional General|général de division]]
| branch = [[French Army|Army]]
| branch = [[French Army|Army]]
|serviceyears = 1791–1814
| years = 1791&ndash;1814
| serviceyears_label = Active
| battles = [[French Revolutionary Wars]]<br />[[Napoleonic Wars]], Capture of [[La Spezia]]<br />[[battle of Wagram|Wagram]]
| battles = [[French Revolutionary Wars]]<br />[[Napoleonic Wars]], Capture of [[La Spezia]]<br />[[battle of Wagram|Wagram]]
| commands =
| commands =
| awards= Grand Officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]]<br />[[Comte de l'Empire]]
| awards= Grand Officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]]<br />[[Comte de l'Empire]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Jean-Baptiste Broussier''' (10 March 1766 – 13 December 1814) was a French [[Divisional General]] of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and [[Napoleonic Wars]].


⚫
==Life==
:''Not to be confused with Broussier, a French Foreign Legion captain present at [[Siege of Tuyen Quang|Tuyen Quang]], [[Battle of Yu Oc|Yu Oc]] and {{battle|Hoa Moc}} during the [[Son Tay Campaign]].''
⚫
Broussier was born in [[Ville-sur-Saulx]].
⚫
'''Jean-Baptiste Broussier''', (10 March 1766, [[Ville-sur-Saulx]] - 13 December 1814, [[Bar-le-Duc]]) was a French [[Divisional General|général de division]] of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and [[Napoleonic Wars]].


⚫
Meant by his parents for a church career, in 1791 he instead enrolled in the 3rd battalion of [[Meurthe Department|Meurthe]] and was made a captain of the [[Meuse]] volunteers in September of that year.<ref name=HistEmp>{{harvnb|Fierro|Palluel-Guillard|Tulard |1995|p=571}}.</ref> He fought his first battles under [[Pierre de Ruel, Marquis de Beurnonville|Beurnonville]] in the northern campaigns and was severely wounded in the Vavrin affair in year II. Shortly afterwards he was made head of the battalion and was sent with them to [[armée de Sambre-et-Meuse]], charged with the defence of an important post, where he was hit in the head by a musket ball.
⚫
==Life ==
⚫
Meant by his parents for a church career, in 1791 he instead enrolled in the 3rd battalion of [[Meurthe]] and was made a captain of the [[Meuse]] volunteers in September that year<ref name=HistEmp>"Broussier Jean-Baptiste", in Alfred Fierro, André Palluel-Guillard and Jean Tulard, ''Histoire et dictionnaire du Consulat et de l'Empire'', ed. Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins », Paris, 1995, page 571 (ISBN 2-221-05858-5)</ref>. He fought his first battles under [[Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville|Beurnonville]] in the northern campaigns and was severely wounded in the Vavrin affair in year II. Shortly afterwards he was made head of the battalion and was sent with them to [[armée de Sambre-et-Meuse]], charged with the defence of an important post, where he was hit in the head by a musket ball.


In 1797 he moved to the [[armée d'Italie]], where he was made [[chef de brigade]] to the [[43e régiment d'infanterie de ligne]]<ref>Tradition Magazine hors série N°26</ref>. He fought with distinction at the capture of [[La Spezia]], being one of the first to break into the fort at Chiusa, and took the Austrian general prisoner with his own hands. He was made chef de brigade in March 1797<ref name=HistEmp /> following these actions and sent to the [[armée de Naples]], before being charged with an expedition into the [[Apennines]]. He ambushed 12,000 peasant troops that had closed off the defile and a major carnage ensued in the [[Caudine Forks]], the same place where the Samnites had caught the Romans. Promoted to [[général de brigade]] by [[Jean Étienne Championnet|Championnet]] for this action on the same day, he was then put in charge of the conquest of [[Naples]], wholly destroying cardinal [[Fabrizio Ruffo]]'s army, submitting the whole of [[Apulia]] after it rose against the French and (after deadly attacks) captured and burned down the towns of [[Trani]] and [[Andria]].
In 1797 he moved to the [[armée d'Italie]], where he was made [[chef de brigade]] to the [[43e régiment d'infanterie de ligne]].<ref>Tradition Magazine hors série N°26</ref> He fought with distinction at the capture of [[La Spezia]], being one of the first to break into the fort at Chiusa, and took the Austrian general prisoner with his own hands. He was made chef de brigade in March 1797<ref name=HistEmp /> following these actions and sent to the [[armée de Naples]], before being charged with an expedition into the [[Apennines]]. He ambushed 12,000 peasant troops that had closed off the defile and a major carnage ensued in the [[Caudine Forks]], the same place where the Samnites had caught the Romans. Promoted to [[brigadier general]] by [[Jean Étienne Championnet|Championnet]] for this action on the same day, he was then put in charge of the conquest of [[Naples]], wholly destroying cardinal [[Fabrizio Ruffo]]'s army, submitting the whole of [[Apulia]] after it rose against the French and captured and burned down the towns of [[Trani, Apulia|Trani]] and [[Andria]].


In 1799, the [[French Directory]] had him and Championnet dismissed and tried for extortion before a council of war, but after the [[coup d'état]] of [[30 Prairial]] year VI the charges against Broussier were waived and he was returned him to his rank. With his cousin [[Nicolas Broussier]] as his aide de camp, he continued to serve with distinction in [[Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars#Second Coalition (1799-1800)|Italy]] until 1803, during which time he was made commander of the place de Paris. In 1805 he was promoted to [[Divisional General|général de division]], before being made Grand Officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]] on 21 July 1809, then [[comte de l'Empire]] the following October. He returned to [[Lombardy]] that same year, taking a large part at {{battle|Wagram}}. He then served with equal brilliance in the [[French invasion of Russia]] and the 1813 Germany campaign. He was at {{Battle|Ostrovno}}, {{battle|Borodino}} and {{battle|Maloyaroslavets}}. Straight after the disasters of 1813 he was put in command of the 3rd division of the observation corps at [[Mainz]] before being put in command of [[Strasbourg]] by Napoleon, where he was promptly besieged. In 1814 he took on command of the Meuse before dying of an [[apoplexy]]. His name is [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe#Northern pillar|engraved on the north side]] of the [[Arc de Triomphe]], in column 7.
In 1799, the [[French Directory]] had him and Championnet dismissed and tried for extortion before a council of war, but after the [[coup d'état]] of [[30 Prairial]] year VI the charges against Broussier were waived and he was returned him to his rank. With his cousin [[Nicolas Broussier]] as his aide-de-camp, he continued to serve with distinction in [[Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars#Second Coalition (1799–1800)|Italy]] until 1803, during which time he was made commander of the place de Paris. In 1805 he was promoted to [[Divisional General|divisional general]], before being made Grand Officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]] on 21 July 1809, then [[comte de l'Empire]] the following October. He returned to [[Lombardy]] that same year, taking a large part at [[Battle of Wagram|Wagram]]. He then served with equal brilliance in the [[French invasion of Russia]] and the 1813 Germany campaign. He took part in the battles of [[Battle of Ostrovno|Ostrovno]], [[Battle of Borodino|Borodino]], [[Battle of Maloyaroslavets|Maloyaroslavets]] and the [[Battle of Krasnoi|Krasny]]. Straight after the disasters of 1813, he was put in command of the 3rd division of the observation corps at [[Mainz]] before being put in command of [[Strasbourg]] by Napoleon, where he was promptly besieged. In 1814 he took on command of the Meuse before dying of an [[apoplexy]] at [[Bar-le-Duc]]. His name is [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe#Northern pillar|engraved on the north side]] of the [[Arc de Triomphe]], in column 7.
[[File:Arc de Triomphe mg 6818.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Broussier's name is [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe#Northern pillar|inscribed]] on the [[Arc de Triomphe]] (1st from the top on the left).]]
[[File:Arc de Triomphe mg 6818.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Broussier's name is [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe#Northern pillar|inscribed]] on the [[Arc de Triomphe]] (1st from the top on the left).]]
==Sources and references==
<references />
* {{Mullié|Jean-Baptiste Broussier}} ;
⚫
* Archives nationales (CARAN) – Service Historique de l’Armée de Terre – Fort de Vincennes – Dossier [[S.H.A.T.]] Côte : 7 Yd 401.
⚫
** Côte [[S.H.A.T.]], services, awards on [http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_militaires/Les_militaires.htm web.genealogie.free.fr : ''Les militaires'']


==Notes==
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
{{more footnotes|date=May 2017}}
| NAME = Broussier
{{reflist}}
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =

| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
==References==
| DATE OF BIRTH = 10 March 1766
*{{cite book|last1=Fierro |first1=Alfred |last2=Palluel-Guillard |first2=André |last3=Tulard |first3=Jean |chapter=Broussier Jean-Baptiste |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Laffont |title=Histoire et dictionnaire du Consulat et de l'Empire |publisher=Bouquins |location=Paris |year=1995 |page=571 |isbn= 2-221-05858-5 |language=fr}}
⚫
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Ville-sur-Saulx]]
* {{Cite Mullié |wstitle=BROUSSIER (JEAN-BAPTISTE, comte) |display=Broussier (Jean-Baptiste)}}
| DATE OF DEATH = 13 December 1814
⚫
* Archives nationales (CARAN) – Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre – Fort de Vincennes – Dossier [[S.H.A.T.]] Côte : 7 Yd 401.
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Bar-le-Duc]]
⚫
** Côte [[S.H.A.T.]], services, awards on [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211132621/http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_militaires/Les_militaires.htm web.genealogie.free.fr : ''Les militaires'']
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Broussier}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Broussier}}
[[Category:1766 births]]
[[Category:1766 births]]
[[Category:1814 deaths]]
[[Category:1814 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Meuse]]
[[Category:People from Meuse (department)]]
[[Category:Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Counts of the First French Empire]]
[[Category:Counts of the First French Empire]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
[[Category:French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]]

[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Broussier]]
[[ru:Бруссье, Жан-Батист]]

Latest revision as of 15:42, 31 December 2023

Jean-Baptiste Broussier
Born10 March 1766
Ville-sur-Saulx
Died13 December 1814
Bar-le-Duc
AllegianceFirst French Republic,
First French Empire
Service/branchArmy
Active1791–1814
Rankgénéral de division
Battles/warsFrench Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars, Capture of La Spezia
Wagram
AwardsGrand Officer of the Légion d'honneur
Comte de l'Empire

Jean-Baptiste Broussier (10 March 1766 – 13 December 1814) was a French Divisional General of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars.

Life[edit]

Broussier was born in Ville-sur-Saulx.

Meant by his parents for a church career, in 1791 he instead enrolled in the 3rd battalion of Meurthe and was made a captain of the Meuse volunteers in September of that year.[1] He fought his first battles under Beurnonville in the northern campaigns and was severely wounded in the Vavrin affair in year II. Shortly afterwards he was made head of the battalion and was sent with them to armée de Sambre-et-Meuse, charged with the defence of an important post, where he was hit in the head by a musket ball.

In 1797 he moved to the armée d'Italie, where he was made chef de brigade to the 43e régiment d'infanterie de ligne.[2] He fought with distinction at the capture of La Spezia, being one of the first to break into the fort at Chiusa, and took the Austrian general prisoner with his own hands. He was made chef de brigade in March 1797[1] following these actions and sent to the armée de Naples, before being charged with an expedition into the Apennines. He ambushed 12,000 peasant troops that had closed off the defile and a major carnage ensued in the Caudine Forks, the same place where the Samnites had caught the Romans. Promoted to brigadier general by Championnet for this action on the same day, he was then put in charge of the conquest of Naples, wholly destroying cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo's army, submitting the whole of Apulia after it rose against the French and captured and burned down the towns of Trani and Andria.

In 1799, the French Directory had him and Championnet dismissed and tried for extortion before a council of war, but after the coup d'état of 30 Prairial year VI the charges against Broussier were waived and he was returned him to his rank. With his cousin Nicolas Broussier as his aide-de-camp, he continued to serve with distinction in Italy until 1803, during which time he was made commander of the place de Paris. In 1805 he was promoted to divisional general, before being made Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur on 21 July 1809, then comte de l'Empire the following October. He returned to Lombardy that same year, taking a large part at Wagram. He then served with equal brilliance in the French invasion of Russia and the 1813 Germany campaign. He took part in the battles of Ostrovno, Borodino, Maloyaroslavets and the Krasny. Straight after the disasters of 1813, he was put in command of the 3rd division of the observation corps at Mainz before being put in command of Strasbourg by Napoleon, where he was promptly besieged. In 1814 he took on command of the Meuse before dying of an apoplexy at Bar-le-Duc. His name is engraved on the north side of the Arc de Triomphe, in column 7.

Broussier's name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe (1st from the top on the left).

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Fierro, Palluel-Guillard & Tulard 1995, p. 571.
  2. ^ Tradition Magazine hors série N°26

References[edit]

  • Fierro, Alfred; Palluel-Guillard, André; Tulard, Jean (1995). "Broussier Jean-Baptiste". In Laffont, Robert (ed.). Histoire et dictionnaire du Consulat et de l'Empire (in French). Paris: Bouquins. p. 571. ISBN 2-221-05858-5.
  • Mullié, Charles (1852). "Broussier (Jean-Baptiste)" . Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850  (in French). Paris: Poignavant et Compagnie.
  • Archives nationales (CARAN) – Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre – Fort de Vincennes – Dossier S.H.A.T. Côte : 7 Yd 401.
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