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John R. Koza is a computer scientist and a former adjunct professor at Stanford University, most notable for his work in pioneering the use of genetic programming for the optimization of complex problems. Koza co-founded Scientific Games Corporation, a company which builds computer systems to run state lotteries in the United States. John Koza is also credited with being the creator of the 'scratch card' with the help of retail promotions specialist Daniel Bower.^[1]

Koza was born in 1944 and earned a bachelor's degree in computer science from the University of Michigan, being the second person to ever earn a bachelor's degree in computer science. He earned a doctoral degree in computer science from the University of Michigan in 1972.^[2]

Koza was featured in Popular Science for his work on evolutionary programming that alters its own code to find far more complex solutions. The machine, which he calls the "invention machine", has created antennae, circuits, and lenses, and has received a patent from the US Patent Office.^{[citation needed]}

In the political space, Koza advocates for a plan to revamp the way states choose their electors for the Electoral College in the United States, such that candidates who win the majority of the popular vote would then win a majority of the electors through an interstate compact.^[3] He established the organization National Popular Vote Inc. to advocate for state adoption of the policy and the election of supportive candidates.^[4]

References

^ Kennedy, Pagan (2013-07-05). "Who Made That Scratch-Off Lottery Ticket?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
^ Keats, Jonathon (2006-04-19). "John Koza Has Built an Invention Machine". Popular Science.
^ Yi, Matthew (2006-07-24). "Stanford professor stumps for electoral alternative". San Francisco Chronicle.
^ "Out-of-state group seeks to oust Peter Courtney, president of Oregon Senate". OregonLive.com. Retrieved 2018-03-02.

Works by Koza

Koza, J.R. (1990). Genetic Programming: A Paradigm for Genetically Breeding Populations of Computer Programs to Solve Problems, Stanford University Computer Science Department technical report STAN-CS-90-1314. A thorough report, possibly used as a draft to his 1992 book.
Koza, J.R. (1992). Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection, MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-11170-5
Koza, J.R. (1994). Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs, MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-11189-6
Koza, J.R.; Goldberg, David; Fogel, David; & Riolo, Rick, (Eds.) (1996). Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference (Complex Adaptive Systems), MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-61127-9
Koza, J.R.; Deb, K.; Dorigo, M.; Fogel, D.; Garzon, M.; Iba, H.; & Riolo, R., (Eds.) (1997). Genetic Programming 1997: Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference, Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-483-9
Koza, J.R.; & Others (Eds.)(1998). Genetic Programming 1998, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. ISBN 1-55860-548-7
Koza, J.R.; Bennett, F.H.; Andre, D.; & Keane, M.A. (1999). Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention and Problem Solving, Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-543-6
Koza, J.R.; Keane, M.A.; Streeter, M.J.; Mydlowec, W.; Yu, J.; & Lanza, G. (2003). Genetic Programming IV: Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence, Springer. ISBN 1-4020-7446-8
Koza, John R.; Fadem, Barry; Grueskin, Mark; Mandell, Michael S.; Richie, Robert; Zimmerman, Joseph F. (2013). Every Vote Equal: A State-Based Plan for Electing the President by National Popular Vote (Fourth ed.). Los Altos, California: National Popular Vote Press. ISBN 978-0-9790107-3-6.

External links

Official website
"List of papers published by John R. Koza". BibnetWiki.org. Archived from the original on 2012-02-08.
Interview with John Koza about creating scratch cards
Jonathon Keats (April 19, 2006). "John Koza Has Built an Invention Machine". Popular Science.

[1] Kennedy, Pagan (2013-07-05). "Who Made That Scratch-Off Lottery Ticket?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-02.

[2] Keats, Jonathon (2006-04-19). "John Koza Has Built an Invention Machine". Popular Science.

[3] Yi, Matthew (2006-07-24). "Stanford professor stumps for electoral alternative". San Francisco Chronicle.

[4] "Out-of-state group seeks to oust Peter Courtney, president of Oregon Senate". OregonLive.com. Retrieved 2018-03-02.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|American computer scientist}}
-'''John R. Koza''' is a [[computer scientist]] and a former consulting professor at [[Stanford University]], most notable for his work in pioneering the use of [[genetic programming]]  for the optimization of complex problems. He was a cofounder of [[Scientific Games Corporation]], a company which built computer systems to run [[Lottery#Lottery in the United States|state lotteries in the United States]]. John Koza is also credited with being the creator of the '[[scratch card]]' with the help of retail promotions specialist Daniel Bower.
+'''John R. Koza''' is a [[computer scientist]] and a former adjunct professor at [[Stanford University]], most notable for his work in pioneering the use of [[genetic programming]] for the optimization of complex problems. Koza co-founded [[Scientific Games Corporation]], a company which builds computer systems to run [[Lotteries in the United States|state lotteries in the United States]]. John Koza is also credited with being the creator of the '[[scratch card]]' with the help of retail promotions specialist Daniel Bower.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/magazine/who-made-that-scratch-off-lottery-ticket.html|title=Who Made That Scratch-Off Lottery Ticket?|last=Kennedy|first=Pagan|date=2013-07-05|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-Koza has a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in [[computer science]] from the [[University of Michigan]] (1972). His thesis was titled ''On Inducing a Non-Trivial, Parsimonious Grammar for a Given Sample of Sentences''.
+Koza was born in 1944 and earned a bachelor's degree in computer science from the [[University of Michigan]], being the second person to ever earn a bachelor's degree in computer science.  He earned a doctoral degree in computer science from the University of Michigan in 1972.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keats |first=Jonathon |date=2006-04-19 |title=John Koza Has Built an Invention Machine |url=http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2006-04/john-koza-has-built-invention-machine |magazine=Popular Science |language=en}}</ref>
-John Koza has his own company'' Genetic Programming Inc.'', and uses a 1000 node [[Beowulf cluster]], composed of [[Pentium II]] and [[Digital Equipment Corporation#Alpha|DEC Alpha]] processors, to do his research.
-Koza was featured in [[Popular Science]] for his work on evolutionary programming that alters its own code to find far more complex solutions.  The machine, which he calls the "invention machine", has created antennae, circuits, and lenses, and has received a patent from the [[US Patent Office]].
+Koza was featured in [[Popular Science]] for his work on evolutionary programming that alters its own code to find far more complex solutions.  The machine, which he calls the "invention machine", has created antennae, circuits, and lenses, and has received a patent from the [[US Patent Office]].{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
-In 2006 Koza suggested a plan to revamp the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] in the United States such that candidates would be elected by a [[National Popular Vote Interstate Compact|National Popular Vote]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/07/24/MNGIHK4CSQ1.DTL|title=Stanford professor stumps for electoral alternative|publisher=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=2006-07-24|first=Matthew|last=Yi}}</ref>
+In the political space, Koza advocates for a plan to revamp the way states choose their electors for the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] in the United States, such that candidates who win the majority of the popular vote would then win a majority of the electors [[National Popular Vote Interstate Compact|through an interstate compact]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/07/24/MNGIHK4CSQ1.DTL|title=Stanford professor stumps for electoral alternative|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=2006-07-24|first=Matthew|last=Yi}}</ref>  He established the organization [[National Popular Vote Inc.]] to advocate for state adoption of the policy and the election of supportive candidates.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2017/12/out-of-state_group_seeks_to_ou.html|title=Out-of-state group seeks to oust Peter Courtney, president of Oregon Senate|work=OregonLive.com|access-date=2018-03-02|language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==Works by Koza==
-# Koza, J.R. (1990). [http://www.genetic-programming.com/jkpdf/tr1314.pdf ''Genetic Programming: A Paradigm for Genetically Breeding Populations of Computer Programs to Solve Problems''], Stanford University Computer Science Department technical report STAN-CS-90-1314. A thorough report, possibly used as a draft to his 1992 book.
+* Koza, J.R. (1990). [http://www.genetic-programming.com/jkpdf/tr1314.pdf ''Genetic Programming: A Paradigm for Genetically Breeding Populations of Computer Programs to Solve Problems''], Stanford University Computer Science Department technical report STAN-CS-90-1314. A thorough report, possibly used as a draft to his 1992 book.
-# Koza, J.R. (1992). ''Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection'', [[MIT Press]]. ISBN 0-262-11170-5
+* Koza, J.R. (1992). ''Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection'', [[MIT Press]]. {{ISBN|0-262-11170-5}}
-# Koza, J.R. (1994). ''Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs'', MIT Press.  ISBN 0-262-11189-6
+* Koza, J.R. (1994). ''Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs'', MIT Press.  {{ISBN|0-262-11189-6}}
-# Koza, J.R.; Goldberg, David; Fogel, David; & Riolo, Rick, (Eds.) (1996). ''Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference (Complex Adaptive Systems)'', MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-61127-9
+* Koza, J.R.; Goldberg, David; Fogel, David; & Riolo, Rick, (Eds.) (1996). ''Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference (Complex Adaptive Systems)'', MIT Press. {{ISBN|0-262-61127-9}}
-# Koza, J.R.; Deb, K.; Dorigo, M.; Fogel, D.; Garzon, M.; Iba, H.; & Riolo, R., (Eds.) (1997). ''Genetic Programming 1997: Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference'', Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-483-9
+* Koza, J.R.; Deb, K.; Dorigo, M.; Fogel, D.; Garzon, M.; Iba, H.; & Riolo, R., (Eds.) (1997). ''Genetic Programming 1997: Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference'', Morgan Kaufmann. {{ISBN|1-55860-483-9}}
-# Koza, J.R.; & Others (Eds.)(1998). ''Genetic Programming 1998'', Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. ISBN 1-55860-548-7
+* Koza, J.R.; & Others (Eds.)(1998). ''Genetic Programming 1998'', Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. {{ISBN|1-55860-548-7}}
-# Koza, J.R.; Bennett, F.H.; Andre, D.; & Keane, M.A. (1999). ''Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention and Problem Solving'', Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-543-6
+* Koza, J.R.; Bennett, F.H.; Andre, D.; & Keane, M.A. (1999). ''Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention and Problem Solving'', Morgan Kaufmann. {{ISBN|1-55860-543-6}}
-# Koza, J.R.; Keane, M.A.; Streeter, M.J.; Mydlowec, W.; Yu, J.; & Lanza, G. (2003). ''Genetic Programming IV: Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence'', Springer.  ISBN 1-4020-7446-8
+* Koza, J.R.; Keane, M.A.; Streeter, M.J.; Mydlowec, W.; Yu, J.; & Lanza, G. (2003). ''Genetic Programming IV: Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence'', Springer.  {{ISBN|1-4020-7446-8}}
-# Koza, J.R.; Fadem,B.; Grueskin, M.; Mandell, M.S.; Richi, R.; & Zimmerman, J. F. (2011, third edition) [Every Vote Equal: A State-Based Plan For Electing The President By National Popular Vote] National Popular Vote Press. ISBN 978-0-9790107-2-9
+* {{cite book| last1=Koza| first1=John R.| last2=Fadem| first2=Barry| last3=Grueskin| first3=Mark| last4=Mandell| first4=Michael S.| last5=Richie| first5=Robert| last6=Zimmerman| first6=Joseph F.| title=Every Vote Equal: A State-Based Plan for Electing the President by National Popular Vote| url=http://www.every-vote-equal.com/| location=Los Altos, California| publisher=National Popular Vote Press| edition=Fourth| year=2013| isbn=978-0-9790107-3-6}}
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.genetic-programming.com/johnkoza.html Homepage]
+* {{official website|http://www.genetic-programming.com/johnkoza.html}}
-* [http://bibnetwiki.org/wiki/Category:John_R._Koza_Paper An extensive list of Koza's works]
+* {{cite web|url=http://bibnetwiki.org/wiki/Category:John_R._Koza_Paper |title=List of papers published by John R. Koza |website=BibnetWiki.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208103808/http://bibnetwiki.org/wiki/Category%3AJohn_R._Koza_Paper |archive-date=2012-02-08 |url-status=dead }}
 * [http://www.scratchcards.org/articles/57117/john-koza-interview Interview with John Koza about creating scratch cards]
+* {{cite web |title = John Koza Has Built an Invention Machine |author = Jonathon Keats |date = April 19, 2006 |website = [[Popular Science]] |url = http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2006-04/john-koza-has-built-invention-machine }}
-* [http://www.popsci.com/popsci/science/0e13af26862ba010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html Popular Science article about John Koza's Invention Machine]
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Koza, John
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
-| DATE OF BIRTH     =
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     =
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Koza, John}}
 [[Category:Living people]]
 [[Category:Theoretical computer scientists]]
-[[Category:American computer scientists]]
+[[Category:University of Michigan alumni]]
 [[Category:Polish computer scientists]]
+[[Category:Stanford University School of Engineering faculty]]
+[[Category:American computer scientists]]
 [[Category:American people of Polish descent]]
-[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
+[[Category:1944 births]]
-[[da:John Koza]]
-[[it:John Koza]]
-[[pt:John Koza]]

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