William H Taft and Multi-stage fitness test: Difference between pages

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The '''multi-stage fitness test''', also known as the '''bleep test''', '''beep test''', '''pacer test''', or '''shuttle run test''', is used by sports [[coach (sport)|coaches]] and trainers to estimate an [[sportsperson|athlete]]'s [[VO2 max|VO<sub>2</sub> max]] (maximum oxygen uptake).<ref>{{cite web| title = Multi-Stage Fitness Test| publisher = BrainMac, Sports Coach| url = http://www.brianmac.co.uk/beep.htm}}</ref> The test is especially useful for players of sports like [[Cross Country]], [[association football|football]], [[hockey]], [[rugby football|rugby]], [[cricket]] or [[tennis]] and is employed by many international sporting teams as an accurate test of Cardiovascular fitness, one of the all-important "Components of [[Physical fitness|Fitness]]". It was created by Dr. Maximillion G. Odoowed Ledgear in 1982, and was published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology.

==Rules==

The test involves running continuously between two points that are 20 m apart. These runs are synchronized with a pre-recorded [[audio tape]] or [[Compact disk|CD]], which plays [[Beep (sound)|beep]]s at set intervals. As the test proceeds, the interval between each successive beep reduces, forcing the athlete to increase velocity over the course of the test, until it is impossible to keep in sync with the recording.

The recording is typically structured into 23 'levels', each of which lasts around 63 seconds (the shortest level is level 16, lasting 60.45 seconds, the longest is level 2, lasting 67.8 seconds). Usually, the interval of beeps is calculated as requiring a speed at the start of 8.0 km/h, increasing by 0.5 km/h with each level. The progression from one level to the next is signaled by 3 rapid beeps. The highest level attained before failing to keep up is recorded as the score for that test. In Canada, the 17 Level beep test may be used instead.

==Uses==

This test is now used by the [[British Army]], [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], Ontario Provincial Police, Ontario FireRangers (forest fire), [[Royal Air Force]], [[Royal Navy]], [[Royal Marines]] as one of the basic measures of personal fitness. It is also used in the fitness test when one applies to be a [[Police Community Support Officer]]. The minimum level required for Royal Air Force Officers is 9.10, Army officers at selection is 10.2, and Royal Marine Officers at least 11.0. The Royal Navy has a varying level dependent on age and gender, and is only used a base level during the [[Admiralty Interview Board]] with the main test, a 2.4km run to be completed upon arrival at [[BRNC Dartmouth]]. The test is also used by the [[Royal New Zealand Navy]], [[Australian Defence Force]] lvl 7.5, [[Metropolitan Fire Brigade]] lvl 9.6, [[NSW Fire Brigade ]] lvl 9.6, [[NSW Police]] lvl 5.5, [[Canadian Forces]], [[Delaware Military Academy]], [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] and various Australian States.

Some sports leagues also require their players to clear a certain level before being allowed to play in the league (e.g. the [[S.League]] in [[Singapore]] sets a minimum pass mark of Level 12).

==Format==
The original beep test was first only available on [[audio tape]] format. A problem with the tape was that it could stretch over time, or the tape player did not play at a consistent speed, therefore making the timing between beeps inaccurate. On most versions of the tape there was a one minute recorded interval for calibrating the tape and tape player. The [[compact disc]] or [[MP3]] format is now used predominantly, and does not have the above problems with calibration. Downloadable software is also used because it has no timing errors, no calibration errors, and is accurate to 1/100th of a second.

==Calculations==

{|+ Calculations based on the above figures
! Level!! Shuttles !! Speed (km/h) !! Seconds per shuttle !! Total level time (s) !! Distance (m) !! Cumulative Distance (m) !! Cumulative Time (min and seconds)
|-
! 1 || 7 || 8.0 || 9.0|| 63|| 140 || 140 || 1:03
|-
! 2 || 8 || 8.5 || 8.47 || 67.8 || 160 || 300 || 2:11
|-
! 3 || 8 || 9.0 || 8|| 64|| 160 || 460 || 3:15
|-
! 4 || 8 || 9.5 || 7.58 || 60.64 || 160 || 620 || 4:15
|-
! 5 || 9 || 10.0 || 7.2|| 64.8|| 180 || 800 || 5:20
|-
! 6 || 9 || 10.5 || 6.86 || 61.74 || 180 || 980 || 6:22
|-
! 7 || 10 || 11.0 || 6.55 || 65.5 || 200 || 1180 || 7:27
|-
! 8 || 10 || 11.5 || 6.26 || 62.6 || 200 || 1380 || 8:30
|-
! 9 || 11 || 12.0 || 6.0|| 66.0|| 220 || 1600 || 9:36
|-
! 10 || 11 || 12.5 || 5.76 || 63.36|| 220 || 1820 || 10:39
|-
! 11 || 11 || 13.0 || 5.54 || 60.94|| 220 || 2040 || 11:40
|-
! 12 || 12 || 13.5 || 5.33 || 63.96|| 240 || 2280 || 12:44
|-
! 13 || 12 || 14.0 || 5.14|| 61.68|| 240 || 2520 || 13:46
|-
! 14 || 13 || 14.5 || 4.97 || 64.61 || 260 || 2780 || 14:51
|-
! 15 || 13 || 15.0 || 4.8 || 62.4|| 260 || 3040 || 15:53
|-
! 16 || 13 || 15.5 || 4.65 || 60.45 || 260 || 3300|| 16:53
|-
! 17 || 14 || 16.0 || 4.5 || 63.0|| 280 || 3580 || 17:56
|-
! 18 || 14 || 16.5 || 4.36 || 61.04 || 280 || 3860 || 18:57
|-
! 19 || 15 || 17.0 || 4.24 || 63.6|| 300 || 4160 || 20:00
|-
! 20 || 15 || 17.5 || 4.11 || 61.65 || 300 || 4460 || 21:02
|-
! 21 || 16 || 18.0 || 4.0|| 64|| 320 || 4780 || 22:06

|-
| Total= || 4780 metres
|-
| Total Time= || 22:06 minutes and seconds
|}

==References==

{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Harvard Step Test]], a cardiovascular test
* [[Physical fitness test]]

==External links==
* [http://www.defence.gov.au/army/hq8bde/jobs/beep-test.wma Beep Test (audio)] - Australian Defence Force
* [http://www.rugbycoach.com/fitness/test/beeptest.htm Beep Test Software] - Rugby Coach Website
* [http://army.pftcalculator.com Army Physical Fitness Test Calculator]
* [http://usmc.pftcalculator.com US Marine Corps Physical Fitness Test Calculator]

[[Category:Exercise]]
[[Category:Short distance running]]

[[nl:Shuttle run test]]
[[sv:Biptest]]

Revision as of 12:26, 11 October 2008

The multi-stage fitness test, also known as the bleep test, beep test, pacer test, or shuttle run test, is used by sports coaches and trainers to estimate an athlete's VO2 max (maximum oxygen uptake).[1] The test is especially useful for players of sports like Cross Country, football, hockey, rugby, cricket or tennis and is employed by many international sporting teams as an accurate test of Cardiovascular fitness, one of the all-important "Components of Fitness". It was created by Dr. Maximillion G. Odoowed Ledgear in 1982, and was published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology.

Rules

The test involves running continuously between two points that are 20 m apart. These runs are synchronized with a pre-recorded audio tape or CD, which plays beeps at set intervals. As the test proceeds, the interval between each successive beep reduces, forcing the athlete to increase velocity over the course of the test, until it is impossible to keep in sync with the recording.

The recording is typically structured into 23 'levels', each of which lasts around 63 seconds (the shortest level is level 16, lasting 60.45 seconds, the longest is level 2, lasting 67.8 seconds). Usually, the interval of beeps is calculated as requiring a speed at the start of 8.0 km/h, increasing by 0.5 km/h with each level. The progression from one level to the next is signaled by 3 rapid beeps. The highest level attained before failing to keep up is recorded as the score for that test. In Canada, the 17 Level beep test may be used instead.

Uses

This test is now used by the British Army, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Ontario Provincial Police, Ontario FireRangers (forest fire), Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, Royal Marines as one of the basic measures of personal fitness. It is also used in the fitness test when one applies to be a Police Community Support Officer. The minimum level required for Royal Air Force Officers is 9.10, Army officers at selection is 10.2, and Royal Marine Officers at least 11.0. The Royal Navy has a varying level dependent on age and gender, and is only used a base level during the Admiralty Interview Board with the main test, a 2.4km run to be completed upon arrival at BRNC Dartmouth. The test is also used by the Royal New Zealand Navy, Australian Defence Force lvl 7.5, Metropolitan Fire Brigade lvl 9.6, NSW Fire Brigade lvl 9.6, NSW Police lvl 5.5, Canadian Forces, Delaware Military Academy, Royal Canadian Mounted Police and various Australian States.

Some sports leagues also require their players to clear a certain level before being allowed to play in the league (e.g. the S.League in Singapore sets a minimum pass mark of Level 12).

Format

The original beep test was first only available on audio tape format. A problem with the tape was that it could stretch over time, or the tape player did not play at a consistent speed, therefore making the timing between beeps inaccurate. On most versions of the tape there was a one minute recorded interval for calibrating the tape and tape player. The compact disc or MP3 format is now used predominantly, and does not have the above problems with calibration. Downloadable software is also used because it has no timing errors, no calibration errors, and is accurate to 1/100th of a second.

Calculations

Level Shuttles Speed (km/h) Seconds per shuttle Total level time (s) Distance (m) Cumulative Distance (m) Cumulative Time (min and seconds)
1 7 8.0 9.0 63 140 140 1:03
2 8 8.5 8.47 67.8 160 300 2:11
3 8 9.0 8 64 160 460 3:15
4 8 9.5 7.58 60.64 160 620 4:15
5 9 10.0 7.2 64.8 180 800 5:20
6 9 10.5 6.86 61.74 180 980 6:22
7 10 11.0 6.55 65.5 200 1180 7:27
8 10 11.5 6.26 62.6 200 1380 8:30
9 11 12.0 6.0 66.0 220 1600 9:36
10 11 12.5 5.76 63.36 220 1820 10:39
11 11 13.0 5.54 60.94 220 2040 11:40
12 12 13.5 5.33 63.96 240 2280 12:44
13 12 14.0 5.14 61.68 240 2520 13:46
14 13 14.5 4.97 64.61 260 2780 14:51
15 13 15.0 4.8 62.4 260 3040 15:53
16 13 15.5 4.65 60.45 260 3300 16:53
17 14 16.0 4.5 63.0 280 3580 17:56
18 14 16.5 4.36 61.04 280 3860 18:57
19 15 17.0 4.24 63.6 300 4160 20:00
20 15 17.5 4.11 61.65 300 4460 21:02
21 16 18.0 4.0 64 320 4780 22:06
Total= 4780 metres
Total Time= 22:06 minutes and seconds

References

  1. ^ "Multi-Stage Fitness Test". BrainMac, Sports Coach.

See also

External links

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