Neocinnamomum: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of shrubs}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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|image = Neocinnamomum delavayi - Kunming Botanical Garden - DSC02912.JPG |
|image = Neocinnamomum delavayi - Kunming Botanical Garden - DSC02912.JPG |
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|image_caption = ''Neocinnamomum delavayi'' |
|image_caption = ''Neocinnamomum delavayi'' |
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|taxon = Neocinnamomum |
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|authority = [[H.Liu]] |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s |
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|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s |
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|ordo = [[Laurales]] |
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|familia = [[Lauraceae]] |
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|genus = '''''Neocinnamomum''''' |
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|genus_authority = [[H.Liu]] |
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|subdivision_ranks = Species |
|subdivision_ranks = Species |
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|subdivision = See text |
|subdivision = See text |
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'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]]. They are [[evergreen]] shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. |
'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]]. They are [[evergreen]] shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. |
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<ref>http:// |
<ref name=FOC1>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=121914 Flora of China online database]</ref><ref name=FOC2>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/pdf/pdf07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China ''Neocinnamomum'' treatment (pdf)]</ref> |
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⚫ | ''Neocinnamomum'' require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold. They occupy mid to high elevations and montane [[laurel forests]].<ref name=newsletter>[http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume1number2/Neocinnamomum.html Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden]</ref> |
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==Overview== |
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They require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> from southern China, to Thailand, and Vietnam, sparsely in Sumatra, not in Malaya. They require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> |
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''Neocinnamomum'' leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (''[[Cinnamomum]]'') in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely. |
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⚫ | The flowers are very small and bisexual.<ref name=FOC2/><ref name=Wang/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum|year=1939|author=Caroline K. Allen|title=Studies in ''Cinnamomum'' and ''Neocinnamomum''|volume=20|pages=44–63|url=https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_35196_studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939/studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939#page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal|author1=Wang, Z.-h. |author2=Li, J. |author3=Conran, J. |author4=Li, H.-w. |year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus ''Neocinnamomum'' H. Liu (Lauraceae)|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=290|issue=1|pages=173–184|doi=10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1}}</ref> Pollination is by insects.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Susan S. Renner|year=2004|title=Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present|journal=Biologiske Skrifter|volume=55|pages=441–458|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Laurales%20clocks2005.pdf}}</ref> The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like [[drupes]].<ref name=FOC2/> The red fruits of ''N. caudatum'' are eaten by humans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf|title=Wild edible plants used by the ''Garo'' tribes of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Mechalaya, India|journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge}}</ref> The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.<ref name=FOC2/> |
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⚫ | ''Neocinnamomum mekongense'' is a species that grows in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from [[Extrafloral nectary|extrafloral nectaries]].<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Plantae/Neocinnamomum_Genus.asp Zipcode Zoo]</ref> |
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These trees and shrubs are characteristic of the lower strata of the tropical rainforest but some species are at 20 m tall. Although there can be months in which there is less rain, no prolonged dry season should occur and rain received on about 150 days per year.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} Present from rocky and stony ground to waterlogged and marshy areas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} |
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It has been suggested that fossil flowers from the late [[Cretaceous]] of North America known as ''Neusenia tetrasporangi'' are a close match to ''Neocinnamomum'',<ref name=Chanderbali>{{cite journal|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf|title=Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes|author= Andre S. Chanderbali|author2= Henk van der Werff|author3= Susanne S. Renner|name-list-style= amp|journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|volume=88|issue=1|year=2001|pages=104–134|doi=10.2307/2666133}}</ref> and phylogenetic analysis from living plants might also indicate that ''Neocinnamomum'' is one of the earliest surviving lineages of the Lauraceae.<ref name=Chanderbali/> |
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With their strongly three-nerved blades, these genus look like a cinnamon with alternately arranged leaves.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> |
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==Species.<ref name=FOC1/>== |
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Neocinnamomum is known only from tropical Asia, and with the closely related genus [[Caryodaphnopsis]] represent the only early lineages in Lauraceae that are present in Asia but are not also known to occur in Africa, Madagascar, and Australia, in contrast to widespread genera in [[Cryptocaryeae]] and [[Cassytha]]. The fossil record suggests that both Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum have an ancient [[Laurasia|Laurasian]] origen. The fossil wood taxon [[Caryodaphnopsoxylon]] richteri Gottwald (1992) places the unique xylem anatomy of Caryodaphnopsis in Late Eocene Germany. The fossil flower [[Neusenia]] tetrasporangiata Eklund from Late Cretaceous North America compares favorably with Neocinnamomum, and flowers and fruits from the same locality can be compared to Caryodaphnopsis.<ref>http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf</ref> |
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==Species{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}== |
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* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill |
* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill |
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* ''[[Neocinnamomum delavayi]]'' (Lecomte) H.Liou |
* ''[[Neocinnamomum delavayi]]'' (Lecomte) H.Liou |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China 7: 187–189. 2008.] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q856257}} |
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[[Category:Indomalayan realm flora]] |
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[[Category:Lauraceae]] |
[[Category:Lauraceae]] |
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{{Laurales-stub}} |
{{Laurales-stub}} |
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[[es:Neocinnamomum]] |
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[[pt:Neocinnamomum]] |
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[[zh:新樟属]] |
Latest revision as of 20:17, 26 October 2022
Neocinnamomum | |
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Neocinnamomum delavayi | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Magnoliids |
Order: | Laurales |
Family: | Lauraceae |
Genus: | Neocinnamomum H.Liu |
Species | |
See text |
Neocinnamomum (新樟属, xin zhang shu) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. [1][2]
Neocinnamomum require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold. They occupy mid to high elevations and montane laurel forests.[3]
Neocinnamomum leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (Cinnamomum) in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely. The flowers are very small and bisexual.[2][4][5] The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".[4] Pollination is by insects.[6] The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like drupes.[2] The red fruits of N. caudatum are eaten by humans.[7] The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.[2]
Neocinnamomum mekongense is a species that grows in the mountains north of Dali, China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.[8]
It has been suggested that fossil flowers from the late Cretaceous of North America known as Neusenia tetrasporangi are a close match to Neocinnamomum,[9] and phylogenetic analysis from living plants might also indicate that Neocinnamomum is one of the earliest surviving lineages of the Lauraceae.[9]
Species.[1][edit]
- Neocinnamomum caudatum (Nees) Merrill
- Neocinnamomum delavayi (Lecomte) H.Liou
- Neocinnamomum fargesii (Lecomte) Kosterm.
- Neocinnamomum lecomtei H.Liou
- Neocinnamomum mekongense (Hand.-Mazz.) Kosterm.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Flora of China online database
- ^ a b c d Flora of China Neocinnamomum treatment (pdf)
- ^ a b Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w. (2010). "Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu (Lauraceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 290 (1): 173–184. doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1.
- ^ Caroline K. Allen (1939). "Studies in Cinnamomum and Neocinnamomum". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 44–63.
- ^ Susan S. Renner (2004). "Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present" (PDF). Biologiske Skrifter. 55: 441–458.
- ^ "Wild edible plants used by the Garo tribes of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Mechalaya, India" (PDF). Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge.
- ^ Zipcode Zoo
- ^ a b Andre S. Chanderbali; Henk van der Werff & Susanne S. Renner (2001). "Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 88 (1): 104–134. doi:10.2307/2666133.