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{{Short description|Genus of shrubs}}
{{italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
|image = Neocinnamomum delavayi - Kunming Botanical Garden - DSC02912.JPG
|image = Neocinnamomum delavayi - Kunming Botanical Garden - DSC02912.JPG
|image_caption = ''Neocinnamomum delavayi''
|image_caption = ''Neocinnamomum delavayi''
|name = ''Neocinnamomum''
|taxon = Neocinnamomum
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|authority = [[H.Liu]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s
|ordo = [[Laurales]]
|familia = [[Lauraceae]]
|genus = '''''Neocinnamomum'''''
|genus_authority = [[H.Liu]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|subdivision = See text
|}}
}}
⚫
{{Commons category}}


'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]].
'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]]. They are [[evergreen]] shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
<ref name=FOC1>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=121914 Flora of China online database]</ref><ref name=FOC2>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/pdf/pdf07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China ''Neocinnamomum'' treatment (pdf)]</ref>
The genus Neocinnamomum includes about 7 species of [[evergreen]], semi-evergreen or [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s, which includes several plants of commercial importance. They are indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/viewTrees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref><ref name=FOC2>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/pdf/pdf07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China]</ref><ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
The ''Neocinnamomum'' species grow in habitats of lowlands the lower and the middle mountain zones, semi evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, and Cloud Forest as South [[Orissa]] (Kalahandi, Koraput, Gajapati and Raygada) <ref>http://www.vasundharaorissa.org/Research%20Reports/Report%20of%20Biodiversity%20of%20South%20Orissa.pdf</ref> The species are important and conspicuous trees in many of their native [[ecosystem]]s known only from tropical Asia. They are equipped with [[Mycorrhiza]] establishing a [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] a mycorrhizal fungi relationship and receiving from determinated fungus species mainly mineral nutrients and water.
The leaves are shiny and leathery.
The [[flower]]s are small and fragrant and borne in [[panicle]]s. The tree ''Neocinnamomum mekongense'' is a species that grows in the Butterfly Spring in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. Masses of [[butterflies]] congregate on its branches in the springtime making it a popular tourist destination.
In favorable growing conditions, shrubs may produce thousands of fruits, most of which are eaten by birds. The fruits are berries mostly striking narrow and ellipsoid, sometimes [[crateriform]] as in Neocinnamomum fargesii, sometimes red when ripe sometimes with a cup and an [[acorn]] shape as in Neocinnamomum caudatum.
The fossil record suggests that both ''Neocinnamomum'' and the related genus ''[[Caryodaphnopsis]]'' have an ancient [[Laurasia|Laurasian]] origin.<ref>http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf</ref>


''Neocinnamomum'' require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> They occupy mid to high elevations<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> and montane [[laurel forests]].<ref name=newsletter>[http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume1number2/Neocinnamomum.html Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden]</ref>
''Neocinnamomum'' require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold. They occupy mid to high elevations and montane [[laurel forests]].<ref name=newsletter>[http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume1number2/Neocinnamomum.html Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden]</ref>


''Neocinnamomum'' leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (''[[Cinnamomum]]'') in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
''Neocinnamomum'' leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (''[[Cinnamomum]]'') in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.
The flowers are very small and bisexual.<ref name=FOC2/><ref name=Wang/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum|year=1939|author=Caroline K. Allen|title=Studies in ''Cinnamomum'' and ''Neocinnamomum''|volume=20|pages=44–63|url=http://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_35196_studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939/studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939#page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal|author=Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w.|year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus ''Neocinnamomum'' H. Liu (Lauraceae)|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=290|issue=1|pages=173–184|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1}}</ref> Pollination is by insects.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Susan S. Renner|year=2004|title=Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present|journal=Biologiske Skrifter|volume=55|pages=441–458|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Laurales%20clocks2005.pdf}}</ref> The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> which are berry-like [[drupes]].<ref name=FOC2/> The red fruits of N.caudatum are eaten by human Garo tribes in India.<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.<ref name=FOC2/>
The flowers are very small and bisexual.<ref name=FOC2/><ref name=Wang/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum|year=1939|author=Caroline K. Allen|title=Studies in ''Cinnamomum'' and ''Neocinnamomum''|volume=20|pages=44–63|url=https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_35196_studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939/studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939#page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal|author1=Wang, Z.-h. |author2=Li, J. |author3=Conran, J. |author4=Li, H.-w. |year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus ''Neocinnamomum'' H. Liu (Lauraceae)|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=290|issue=1|pages=173–184|doi=10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1}}</ref> Pollination is by insects.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Susan S. Renner|year=2004|title=Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present|journal=Biologiske Skrifter|volume=55|pages=441–458|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Laurales%20clocks2005.pdf}}</ref> The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like [[drupes]].<ref name=FOC2/> The red fruits of ''N. caudatum'' are eaten by humans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf|title=Wild edible plants used by the ''Garo'' tribes of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Mechalaya, India|journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge}}</ref> The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.<ref name=FOC2/>


''N. mekongense'' is a species that grows in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Plantae/Neocinnamomum_Genus.asp Zipcode Zoo]</ref>
''Neocinnamomum mekongense'' is a species that grows in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from [[Extrafloral nectary|extrafloral nectaries]].<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Plantae/Neocinnamomum_Genus.asp Zipcode Zoo]</ref>


It has been suggested that fossil flowers from the late [[Cretaceous]] of North America known as ''Neusenia tetrasporangi'' are a close match to ''Neocinnamomum'',<ref name=Chanderbali>{{cite journal|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf|title=Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes|author= Andre S. Chanderbali|author2= Henk van der Werff|author3= Susanne S. Renner|name-list-style= amp|journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|volume=88|issue=1|year=2001|pages=104–134|doi=10.2307/2666133}}</ref> and phylogenetic analysis from living plants might also indicate that ''Neocinnamomum'' is one of the earliest surviving lineages of the Lauraceae.<ref name=Chanderbali/>
==Species{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}==

==Species.<ref name=FOC1/>==
* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill
* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill
* ''[[Neocinnamomum delavayi]]'' (Lecomte) H.Liou
* ''[[Neocinnamomum delavayi]]'' (Lecomte) H.Liou
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==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China 7: 187–189. 2008.]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q856257}}

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[[Category:Lauraceae genera]]
[[Category:Indomalayan realm flora]]
[[Category:Lauraceae]]
[[Category:Lauraceae]]
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[[Category:Laurales genera]]




{{Laurales-stub}}
{{Laurales-stub}}

[[es:Neocinnamomum]]
[[pt:Neocinnamomum]]
[[zh:新樟属]]

Latest revision as of 20:17, 26 October 2022

Neocinnamomum
Neocinnamomum delavayi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Neocinnamomum
H.Liu
Species

See text

Neocinnamomum (新樟属, xin zhang shu) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. [1][2]

Neocinnamomum require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold. They occupy mid to high elevations and montane laurel forests.[3]

Neocinnamomum leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (Cinnamomum) in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely. The flowers are very small and bisexual.[2][4][5] The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".[4] Pollination is by insects.[6] The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like drupes.[2] The red fruits of N. caudatum are eaten by humans.[7] The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.[2]

Neocinnamomum mekongense is a species that grows in the mountains north of Dali, China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.[8]

It has been suggested that fossil flowers from the late Cretaceous of North America known as Neusenia tetrasporangi are a close match to Neocinnamomum,[9] and phylogenetic analysis from living plants might also indicate that Neocinnamomum is one of the earliest surviving lineages of the Lauraceae.[9]

Species.[1][edit]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neocinnamomum.
  1. ^ a b Flora of China online database
  2. ^ a b c d Flora of China Neocinnamomum treatment (pdf)
  3. ^ Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden
  4. ^ a b Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w. (2010). "Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu (Lauraceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 290 (1): 173–184. doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1.
  5. ^ Caroline K. Allen (1939). "Studies in Cinnamomum and Neocinnamomum". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 44–63.
  6. ^ Susan S. Renner (2004). "Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present" (PDF). Biologiske Skrifter. 55: 441–458.
  7. ^ "Wild edible plants used by the Garo tribes of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Mechalaya, India" (PDF). Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge.
  8. ^ Zipcode Zoo
  9. ^ a b Andre S. Chanderbali; Henk van der Werff & Susanne S. Renner (2001). "Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 88 (1): 104–134. doi:10.2307/2666133.


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