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{{Short description|Genus of shrubs}}
{{italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
|image = Neocinnamomum delavayi - Kunming Botanical Garden - DSC02912.JPG
|image = Neocinnamomum delavayi - Kunming Botanical Garden - DSC02912.JPG
|image_caption = ''Neocinnamomum delavayi''
|image_caption = ''Neocinnamomum delavayi''
|name = ''Neocinnamomum''
|taxon = Neocinnamomum
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|authority = [[H.Liu]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s
|ordo = [[Laurales]]
|familia = [[Lauraceae]]
|genus = '''''Neocinnamomum'''''
|genus_authority = [[H.Liu]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|subdivision = See text
|}}
}}
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{{Commons category}}


'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]].
'''''Neocinnamomum''''' (新樟属, ''xin zhang shu'') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]]. They are [[evergreen]] shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
<ref name=FOC1>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=121914 Flora of China online database]</ref><ref name=FOC2>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/pdf/pdf07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China ''Neocinnamomum'' treatment (pdf)]</ref>
The genus Neocinnamomum includes about 7 species of [[evergreen]], semi-evergreen or [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s, which includes several plants of commercial importance. They are indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/viewTrees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref><ref name=FOC2>[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/pdf/pdf07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China]</ref><ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
The ''Neocinnamomum'' species grow in habitats of lowlands, from the lower to the middle mountain zone, semi evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, and [[Cloud Forest]] as South [[Orissa]] (Kalahandi, Koraput, Gajapati and Raygada) <ref>http://www.vasundharaorissa.org/Research%20Reports/Report%20of%20Biodiversity%20of%20South%20Orissa.pdf</ref> The species are important and conspicuous trees in many of their native [[ecosystem]]s and they are know only from tropical Asia. ''Neocinnamomum'' species are equipped with [[Mycorrhiza]], establishing a [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] relationship with mycorrhizal fungi and receiving from determinated fungus species, mainly mineral nutrients and water.
The fossil record suggests that both ''Neocinnamomum'' and the related genus ''[[Caryodaphnopsis]]'' have an ancient [[Laurasia|Laurasian]] origin.<ref>http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf</ref>


''Neocinnamomum'' require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> They occupy mid to high elevations<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref> and montane [[laurel forests]].<ref name=newsletter>[http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume1number2/Neocinnamomum.html Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden]</ref> The leaves are shiny and leathery. Some species have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus is indifferent to soil type growing in rocky grounds, waterlogged and marshy areas even.
''Neocinnamomum'' require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold. They occupy mid to high elevations and montane [[laurel forests]].<ref name=newsletter>[http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume1number2/Neocinnamomum.html Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden]</ref>


''Neocinnamomum'' leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (''[[Cinnamomum]]'') in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.<ref>http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf</ref>
''Neocinnamomum'' leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (''[[Cinnamomum]]'') in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.
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The flowers are very small and bisexual.<ref name=FOC2/><ref name=Wang/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum|year=1939|author=Caroline K. Allen|title=Studies in ''Cinnamomum'' and ''Neocinnamomum''|volume=20|pages=44–63|url=https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_35196_studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939/studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939#page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal|author1=Wang, Z.-h. |author2=Li, J. |author3=Conran, J. |author4=Li, H.-w. |year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus ''Neocinnamomum'' H. Liu (Lauraceae)|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=290|issue=1|pages=173–184|doi=10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1}}</ref> Pollination is by insects.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Susan S. Renner|year=2004|title=Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present|journal=Biologiske Skrifter|volume=55|pages=441–458|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Laurales%20clocks2005.pdf}}</ref> The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like [[drupes]].<ref name=FOC2/> The red fruits of ''N. caudatum'' are eaten by humans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf|title=Wild edible plants used by the ''Garo'' tribes of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Mechalaya, India|journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge}}</ref> The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.<ref name=FOC2/>
The [[flower]]s are small and fragrant and borne in [[panicle]]s. The tree ''Neocinnamomum mekongense'' is a species that grows in the Butterfly Spring in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. Masses of [[butterflies]] congregate on its branches in the springtime making it a popular tourist destination.
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The flowers are very small and bisexual.<ref name=FOC2/><ref name=Wang/><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum|year=1939|author=Caroline K. Allen|title=Studies in ''Cinnamomum'' and ''Neocinnamomum''|volume=20|pages=44–63|url=http://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_35196_studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939/studiesincinnamomumandneocinna1939#page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal|author=Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w.|year=2010|title=Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus ''Neocinnamomum'' H. Liu (Lauraceae)|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=290|issue=1|pages=173–184|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1}}</ref> Pollination is by insects.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Susan S. Renner|year=2004|title=Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present|journal=Biologiske Skrifter|volume=55|pages=441–458|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Laurales%20clocks2005.pdf}}</ref> The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> which are berry-like [[drupes]]. In favorable growing conditions, a plant may produce thousands of fruits, most of which are eaten by birds. The fruits are berries mostly striking narrow and ellipsoid, sometimes crateriform as in Neocinnamomum fargesii, sometimes red when ripe, sometimes with a cup and an [[acorn]] shape as in Neocinnamomum caudatum.<ref name=FOC2/> The red fruits of N.caudatum are eaten by human Garo tribes in India.<ref>http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf</ref> The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.<ref name=FOC2/>


''N. mekongense'' is a species that grows in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Plantae/Neocinnamomum_Genus.asp Zipcode Zoo]</ref>
''Neocinnamomum mekongense'' is a species that grows in the mountains north of [[Dali, Yunnan|Dali]], China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from [[Extrafloral nectary|extrafloral nectaries]].<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Plantae/Neocinnamomum_Genus.asp Zipcode Zoo]</ref>


It has been suggested that fossil flowers from the late [[Cretaceous]] of North America known as ''Neusenia tetrasporangi'' are a close match to ''Neocinnamomum'',<ref name=Chanderbali>{{cite journal|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf|title=Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes|author= Andre S. Chanderbali|author2= Henk van der Werff|author3= Susanne S. Renner|name-list-style= amp|journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|volume=88|issue=1|year=2001|pages=104–134|doi=10.2307/2666133}}</ref> and phylogenetic analysis from living plants might also indicate that ''Neocinnamomum'' is one of the earliest surviving lineages of the Lauraceae.<ref name=Chanderbali/>
==Species{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}==

==Species.<ref name=FOC1/>==
* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill
* ''[[Neocinnamomum caudatum]]'' (Nees) Merrill
* ''[[Neocinnamomum delavayi]]'' (Lecomte) H.Liou
* ''[[Neocinnamomum delavayi]]'' (Lecomte) H.Liou
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==References==
==References==
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{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF07/Neocinnamomum.pdf Flora of China 7: 187–189. 2008.]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q856257}}

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[[Category:Lauraceae genera]]
[[Category:Indomalayan realm flora]]
[[Category:Lauraceae]]
[[Category:Lauraceae]]
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[[Category:Laurales genera]]




{{Laurales-stub}}
{{Laurales-stub}}

[[es:Neocinnamomum]]
[[pt:Neocinnamomum]]
[[zh:新樟属]]

Latest revision as of 20:17, 26 October 2022

Neocinnamomum
Neocinnamomum delavayi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Neocinnamomum
H.Liu
Species

See text

Neocinnamomum (新樟属, xin zhang shu) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. [1][2]

Neocinnamomum require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold. They occupy mid to high elevations and montane laurel forests.[3]

Neocinnamomum leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (Cinnamomum) in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely. The flowers are very small and bisexual.[2][4][5] The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".[4] Pollination is by insects.[6] The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit which are berry-like drupes.[2] The red fruits of N. caudatum are eaten by humans.[7] The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.[2]

Neocinnamomum mekongense is a species that grows in the mountains north of Dali, China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.[8]

It has been suggested that fossil flowers from the late Cretaceous of North America known as Neusenia tetrasporangi are a close match to Neocinnamomum,[9] and phylogenetic analysis from living plants might also indicate that Neocinnamomum is one of the earliest surviving lineages of the Lauraceae.[9]

Species.[1][edit]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neocinnamomum.
  1. ^ a b Flora of China online database
  2. ^ a b c d Flora of China Neocinnamomum treatment (pdf)
  3. ^ Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden
  4. ^ a b Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w. (2010). "Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu (Lauraceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 290 (1): 173–184. doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0359-1.
  5. ^ Caroline K. Allen (1939). "Studies in Cinnamomum and Neocinnamomum". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 44–63.
  6. ^ Susan S. Renner (2004). "Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present" (PDF). Biologiske Skrifter. 55: 441–458.
  7. ^ "Wild edible plants used by the Garo tribes of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Mechalaya, India" (PDF). Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge.
  8. ^ Zipcode Zoo
  9. ^ a b Andre S. Chanderbali; Henk van der Werff & Susanne S. Renner (2001). "Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 88 (1): 104–134. doi:10.2307/2666133.


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