Osbornodon: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Genus of canid}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Oligocene|Early Miocene}} |
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Oligocene|Early Miocene}} |
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'''''Osbornodon''''' ("[[Henry Fairfield Osborn|Osborn]]'s tooth") is an extinct genus of |
'''''Osbornodon''''' ("[[Henry Fairfield Osborn|Osborn]]'s tooth") is an extinct genus of [[Canidae|canid]] that were endemic to [[North America]] and which lived from the [[Oligocene]] to the [[Early Miocene]], 33.9—15.97 [[Annum|Ma]] ([[Appearance Event Ordination|AEO]]), existing for approximately {{Mya|34-16|million years}}. |
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<ref>[http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=41226 Paleobiology Database: ''Osbornodon''].</ref> |
<ref>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=41226 Paleobiology Database: ''Osbornodon''].</ref> It was the last surviving genus of the [[Hesperocyoninae|hesperocyonine]] subfamily, the oldest subfamily of canids.<ref name=Wang2008/> |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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*''Osbornodon wangi'' <small>Hayes 2000</small> |
*''Osbornodon wangi'' <small>Hayes 2000</small> |
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The earlier species were about the size of a small fox, and had teeth suggesting an omnivorous or [[hypocarnivore|hypocarnivorous]] diet. Later species were larger and more actively predaceous. The last species, ''O. fricki'', was about the size of a large wolf.<ref name=Wang2008>{{cite book |last1= Wang |first1= Xiaoming | last2= Tedford | first2= Richard H. | date= 2008 |title= Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History |publisher= Columbia |page= 31 |isbn= 978-0-231-13528-3}}</ref> |
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''Osbornodon scitulus'' appears to be a transitional species that partially fills a large morphological and stratigraphical gap within the genus ''Osbornodon''. Compared to ''Osbornodon renjiei'' and ''Osbornodon sesnoni'', ''Osbornodon scitulus'' possesses derived characters such as a large [[frontal sinus]], high [[sagittal crest]], narrow infraorbital canal, short [[Auditory bulla|bulla]], and broad premolars. ''O. scitulus'' differs from ''Osbornodon wangi'' in larger size and relatively wider P3 and shorter P4. ''O. scitulus'' is distinguishable from ''[[Osbornodon iamonensis]]'' and later species in its primitive characters such as a non-elongated [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]], a paroccipital process that is not expanded posteriorly, a [[mastoid]] process that is not reduced, and p4 not differentially enlarged relative to p3.<ref>*Wang, X. 2003. [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/447/19/B279a08.pdf New Material of ''Osbornodon'' from the Early Hemingfordian of Nebraska and Florida]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 279:163-176. |
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</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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*R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II |
*R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II |
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{{Canidae extinct nav}} |
{{Canidae extinct nav}} |
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[[Category:Hesperocyonines]] |
[[Category:Hesperocyonines]] |
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[[Category:Oligocene |
[[Category:Oligocene canids]] |
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[[Category:Miocene carnivorans]] |
[[Category:Miocene carnivorans]] |
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[[Category:Prehistoric |
[[Category:Prehistoric carnivoran genera]] |
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[[Category:Burdigalian genus extinctions]] |
[[Category:Burdigalian genus extinctions]] |
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[[Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America]] |
[[Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:26, 1 September 2023
| Osbornodon Temporal range:
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|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Canidae |
| Subfamily: | †Hesperocyoninae |
| Genus: | †Osbornodon Wang, 1994 |
| Type species | |
| †Osbornodon fricki | |
| Species | |
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See text | |
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| Approximate range of Osbornodon based on fossil distribution | |
Osbornodon ("Osborn's tooth") is an extinct genus of canid that were endemic to North America and which lived from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene, 33.9—15.97 Ma (AEO), existing for approximately 18 million years. [1] It was the last surviving genus of the hesperocyonine subfamily, the oldest subfamily of canids.[2]
Species[edit]
Seven known species of Osbornodon existed:
- Osbornodon brachypus Cope 1881
- Osbornodon fricki Wang 1994 (18 Ma)
- Osbornodon iamonensis Sellards 1916 (21 Ma)
- Osbornodon renjiei Wang 1994 (33 Ma)
- Osbornodon sesnoni Macdonald 1967 (32 Ma)
- Osbornodon scitulus Hay 1924
- Osbornodon wangi Hayes 2000
The earlier species were about the size of a small fox, and had teeth suggesting an omnivorous or hypocarnivorous diet. Later species were larger and more actively predaceous. The last species, O. fricki, was about the size of a large wolf.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ Paleobiology Database: Osbornodon.
- ^ a b Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.
- R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II
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