Partenavia P.68: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 1023010429 by Marc Lacoste (talk) previous image is better angle, main variant or not is irrelevant unless it's a highly modified one-off or something like that
Tag: Reverted
standard specs
Tag: Reverted
Line 145: Line 145:
September 11, 1983: A P.68C, N29561, performing an aerobatic display broke up in flight during an airshow in [[Plainview, Texas]]. The NTSB report revealed that analysis of the video showed the aircraft performed a fly-by over the runway, exceeding its Vne (Velocity, never-exceed) speed by 27 knots. The pilot then executed a sharp nose-up pitch change of about 8 degrees, which spiked the aircraft's dynamic load factor to 8.3Gs and caused both wings to fail in the main spar just outside both engine nacelles then separate from the aircraft, which then began rotating, causing the rear fuselage to twist along its length between its cabin and [[empennage]]. The aircraft then plummeted 250 feet down just beyond the group of spectators.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/40417 |title= ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 40417 |publisher= [[Aviation Safety Network]] |date= 24 January 2020}}</ref>
September 11, 1983: A P.68C, N29561, performing an aerobatic display broke up in flight during an airshow in [[Plainview, Texas]]. The NTSB report revealed that analysis of the video showed the aircraft performed a fly-by over the runway, exceeding its Vne (Velocity, never-exceed) speed by 27 knots. The pilot then executed a sharp nose-up pitch change of about 8 degrees, which spiked the aircraft's dynamic load factor to 8.3Gs and caused both wings to fail in the main spar just outside both engine nacelles then separate from the aircraft, which then began rotating, causing the rear fuselage to twist along its length between its cabin and [[empennage]]. The aircraft then plummeted 250 feet down just beyond the group of spectators.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/40417 |title= ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 40417 |publisher= [[Aviation Safety Network]] |date= 24 January 2020}}</ref>


==Specifications==
==Specifications (P.68C)==
[[File:WP Landtagsprojekt Hessen - Polizeifliegerstaffel Egelsbach - IBIS 7 - 010.jpg|thumb|The Observer cockpit with an [[EFIS]] flight deck]]
[[File:WP Landtagsprojekt Hessen - Polizeifliegerstaffel Egelsbach - IBIS 7 - 010.jpg|thumb|The Observer cockpit with an [[EFIS]] flight deck]]
[[File:WP Landtagsprojekt Hessen - Polizeifliegerstaffel Egelsbach - IBIS 7 - 013.jpg|thumb|The P.68 cabin]]
[[File:WP Landtagsprojekt Hessen - Polizeifliegerstaffel Egelsbach - IBIS 7 - 013.jpg|thumb|The P.68 cabin]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Vulcanair brochure<ref name=brochure>{{cite web |url= http://www.vulcanair.com/files/files/Brochure%20Vulcanair%2008-10-18.pdf |title= Brochure |publisher= Vulcanair|date= 17 March 2015}}</ref>
|prime units?=kts<!-- "imp", "kts" or "met" to display the units in a given order.
Without an entry here, no specifications will show -->
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|crew=one
|capacity=plus five passengers
|length m=9.55
|length ft=31
|length in=
|span m=33
|span ft=
|span in=
|height m=3.40
|height ft=11
|height in=15
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=1420
|empty weight lb=3130
|max takeoff weight kg=2084
|max takeoff weight lb=4594
|fuel capacity={{convert|177|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on}}
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Lycoming IO-360]]-A1B6{{efn|P.68C-TC: 2 × {{cvt|210|hp|kW}} [[List of Lycoming O-360 variants#TIO-360|TIO-360]]-C1A6D}}
|eng1 type=air-cooled horizontally-opposed engine
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=100<!-- prop engines -->


|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|prop name=
|+ Vulcanair brochure<ref name=brochure>{{cite web |url= http://www.vulcanair.com/files/files/Brochure%20Vulcanair%2008-10-18.pdf |title= Brochure |publisher= Vulcanair|date= 17 March 2015}}</ref>
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|-
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
! Variant
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
! P.68C

! AP.68TP-600
|-
<!--
Performance
! Seats
-->
| 6
|perfhide=
| 10/11
|max speed kmh=
|-
|max speed mph=
! Luggage volume
|max speed kts=
| 0,66 cu.m / 23 cu ft
|max speed note=at sea level
| 0,48 cu.m / 17 cu ft
|cruise speed kmh=301
|-
|cruise speed mph=
! Wing
|cruise speed kts=160
| colspan=2 | 12.00 m / 39.37 ft span; 18.60 m² / 200.23 ft² area
|cruise speed note=at {{convert|10000|ft|m|-1|abbr=on}} (econ cruise)
|-
|stall speed kmh=106
! Length
|stall speed mph=
| 9.55 m / 31.33 ft{{efn|Observer: 9.15 m / 30.02 ft}}
|stall speed kts=57
| 11.27 m / 36.97 ft
|stall speed note=(flaps down, power off)
|-
|never exceed speed kmh=
! Height
|never exceed speed mph=
| 3.40 m / 11.15 ft
|never exceed speed kts=
| 3.63 m / 11.91 ft
|never exceed speed note=
|-
|range km=2043
! [[Maximum Take-Off Weight|MTOW]]
|range miles=
| 2084 kg / 4594 lb
|range nmi=1103
| 3000 kg / 6613 lb
|range note=(econ cruise, standard fuel)
|-
|ceiling m=5490
! Empty weight
|ceiling ft=18,000
| 1420 kg / 3130 lb
|climb rate ms=6
| 1750 kg / 3858 lb
|climb rate ftmin=1100
|-
|more performance=
! Max payload{{efn|Max zero-fuel weight minus empty Weight}}
|avionics=
| {{#expr:1967-1420}} kg / {{#expr:4336-3130}} lb
}}
| {{#expr:2550-1750}} kg / {{#expr:5621-3858}} lb
|-
! Max fuel
| 670 L / 177 US gal
| 840 L / 222 US gal<br/>675 kg / 1488 lb
|-
! Engines
| 2 × [[Lycoming IO-360]]-A1B6{{efn|P.68C-TC: 2 × {{cvt|210|hp|kW}} [[List of Lycoming O-360 variants#TIO-360|TIO-360]]-C1A6D}}
| 2 × [[Rolls-Royce 250]]-B17C
|-
! Power
| 2 × {{cvt|200|hp|kW|0}}
| 2 × {{cvt|328|hp|kW|0}}
|-
! Cruise speed
| 301 km/h / 160 kn{{efn|TAS, 75%, ISA FL 80; Best Economy: 277 km/h / 150 kn @ 60%, FL 90}}
| 396 km/h / 214 kn{{efn|TAS, 100%, ISA FL 100, MTOW; Long Range 92%: 313 km/h / 169 kn}}
|-
! Climb rate
| 6 m/s / 1100 fpm{{efn|SL, MTOW; 1 engine: 1 m/s / 200 fpm}}
| 8,4 m/s / 1650 fpm{{efn|1 engine: 1,4 m/s / 270 fpm}}
|-
! Stall speed
| 106 km/h / 57 kn{{efn|CAS, 35 deg. Flaps, MTOW}}
| 128 km/h / 69 kn{{efn|CAS, full flaps; no flaps: 139 km/h / 75 kn}}
|-
! Ceiling
| 5490 m / 18000 ft{{efn|1 engine: 1520 m / 5000 ft}}
| 7620 m / 25000 ft{{efn|1 engine: 2438 m / 8000 ft}}
|-
! Range
| 2043 km / 1103 nmi{{efn|4 × 77 kg persons : 55% Long Range Cruise, FL 100, 45’ Res}}
| 1740 km / 939 nmi{{efn|6 × 77 kg persons, 95% Cruise, FL 100, 30' res}}
|-
! Fuel burn
| {{cvt|{{#expr:(159*1.151<!--1.151 mi per nmi-->)/(18.3*6.7)<!--6.7lb/USgal-->round1}}|nmi/lb|km/kg|order=flip}}{{efn|{{cvt|18.3|USgal|L}}/h at {{cvt|159|kn|km/h}} TAS, FL90, 65% power, ISA<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.alfako.be/FlightPrep/new_P68B-FM%20NOR10.707-21%20updated%20rev_9.pdf |title= P.68B Victor flight manual |publisher= Partenavia |date= 24 May 1974}}</ref>}}
| {{cvt|0.66|nmi/lb|km/kg|1|order=flip}}{{efn|{{cvt|185|kn|km/h}}, FL120<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.vulcanair.com/files/files/special_mission_aircraft/a-viator.pdf |title= A-Viator (AP68TP–600) presentation |date= 23 June 2011 |publisher= Vulcanair}}</ref>}}
|-
! Take-off
| 400 m / 1312 ft{{efn|over 50ft, MTOW, ISA; 240 m / 787 ft Ground Run}}
| 640 m / 2100 ft{{efn|over 50ft, MTOW, ISA; 400 m / 1312 ft Ground Run}}
|-
! Landing
| 600 m / 1969 ft{{efn|over 50ft, MLW; 200 m / 656 ft Ground Run}}
| 700 m / 2296 ft{{efn|over 50ft, MLW; 330 m / 1083 ft Ground Run}}
|-
! Endurance
| 7,2 h{{efn|4 × 77 kg persons, 55% Cruise, FL 100, 30' Res.}}
| 4,6 h{{efn|6 × 77 kg persons, 95% Cruise, FL 100, 30' res}}
|}
{{notelist}}


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 04:36, 14 May 2021

P.68
Partenavia P.68B
Role Light transport
Manufacturer Partenavia
Vulcanair
Designer Luigi Pascale
First flight 25 May 1970[1]
Produced 1970-present
Number built 431+[citation needed]

The Partenavia P.68, now Vulcanair P68, is a light aircraft designed by Luigi Pascale and initially built by Italian Partenavia. It made its first flight on 25 May 1970, its type certification was granted on 17 November 1971 and was transferred to Vulcanair in 1998. The original six-seat high-wing monoplane is powered by twin piston engines and is used for light transport and training. The P.68 Observer is an observation aircraft variant, and it was developed in a stretched, 10/11-seat twin turboprop derivative.

Development

Partenavia P.68 Victor

The type certification for the P.68 "Victor", a twin piston engine, high wing monoplane with fixed tricycle landing gear was applied for on 22 January 1969.[2] The Partenavia P.68 was designed as a six-seat light transport and trainer powered by two 200 hp (149 kW) Lycoming IO-360 engines, it made its first flight on 25 May 1970 at Naples.[1] The type certification for the 9.20 m (30.18 ft) long P.68 was granted by the Italian Civil Aviation Authority on 17 November 1971 for an 1860kg (4100 lb) MTOW.[2] It was approved by the FAA on 7 December 1971.[3] After a 300 h of flight tests, production was to start in May 1972 in a new plant at Naples Capodichino Airport at a rate of three aircraft per month.[4] The prototype was built at Arzano, Italy, production began with 14 pre-production aircraft at new facilities in Casoria, Italy.

The longer, 9.35 m (30.68 ft) P.68B "Victor" certification was applied for on 18 October 1973 and granted on 24 May 1974 for a 1960 kg (4321 lb) MTOW.[2] Its fuselage was lengthened to create more space in the cockpit.

Both derived from the P.68B and 9.55 m (31.33 ft) long, the P.68R "Victor" has a retractable landing gear and was certified on 31 July 1978 while the P.68C has a nose allowing a weather radar, larger fuel tanks and increased weights, and was certified on 23 July 1979 with a 1990 kg (4387 lb) MTOW. The P.68C-TC, certified on 29 April 1980, has turbocharged, 210 hp (157 kW) Lycoming TIO-360-C1A6D engines.

Partenavia P.68 Observer

P.68R with retractable undercarriage

The 9.43 m (30.94 ft) long P. 68 "Observer", derived from the P.68B with a transparent fuselage nose, adapted systems and larger fuel tanks, was certified on 12 June 1980.[2] The observation aircraft for law enforcement were initially conversions of existing aircraft by German Sportavia-Putzer.

The 9.15 m (30.02 ft) long P.68TC "Observer", a P.68 "Observer" with turbocharged engines, was certified on 18 June 1985.

The 9.54 m (31.30 ft) long P.68 "Observer 2" is a P.68 "Observer", with increased weights, upturned wing tips and modified systems, and was certified on 30 November 1989 for a 2084 kg (4594 lb) MTOW.[2]

Partenavia AP68TP-600 Viator

The 10.89-11.27 m (35.73-36.97 ft) long, retractable gearAP68TP-600 "Viator", with two 328 hp (245 kW) Allison 250-B17C turboprops, has a 2850-3000 kg (6283-6614 lb) MTOW and was certified on 16 October 1986.

Partenavia AP68TP-300 Spartacus

The 9.90 m (32.48 ft) long, fixed gear AP68TP-300 "Spartacus" was certified on 10 December 1983 with two 328 hp (245 kW) Allison 250-B17C turboprops and a 2600 kg (5732 lb) MTOW.[2] the nine-seater development was helped by Aeritalia, the prototype first flew in 1978 with a retractable undercarriage.

Based in Casoria, Naples, and already manufacturing Partenavia spares, Vulcanair (then Air Samanta) acquired the type certificate, aircraft spares and the former production plant in Milan for L1.4 billion ($780,000) in April 1998.[5] The type certificate was transferred on 25 November.[2] Vulcanair offers the P.68R, P68C, P.68C-TC, P.68TC Observer, P.68 Observer 2 and AP68TP-600 Viator.[6]

Variants

Type certificate data sheet[2]
Variant Certified MTOW Engines Length Built[citation needed]
P.68 Victor 17 Nov 1971 1860 (4100 lb) 200 hp (149 kW)
IO-360-A1B6		 9.20 m (30.18 ft) 14
P.68B Victor 24 May 1974 1960 kg (4321 lb) 9.35 m (30.68 ft) >190
P. 68 Observer 12 Jun 1980 9.43 m (30.94 ft) >21
P.68R Victor 31 Jul 1978 9.55 m (31.33 ft) 1
P.68 Observer 2 30 Nov 1989 2084 kg (4594 lb)
P.68C 23 Jul 1979 1990 kg (4387 lb) >114
P.68C-TC 29 Apr 1980 210 hp (157 kW)
TIO-360-C1A6D
P.68TC Observer 18 Jun 1985 9.15 m (30.02 ft)
AP68TP-300 Spartacus 10 Dec 1983 2600 kg (5732 lb) 328 hp (245 kW)
Allison 250-B17C 		9.90 m (32.48 ft) >13
AP68TP-600 Viator 16 Oct 1986 2850-3000 kg
(6283-6614 lb) 		10.89-11.27 m
(35.73-36.97 ft)		 >6

Operators

Military and government operators

Hesse State Police P.68 Observer 2
 Bahamas
 Chile
 Germany
 Italy
 United Kingdom
Italian State Police P.68 Observer
 United States

Former

 Bophuthatswana

Incidents and accidents

The P.68 was involved in 86 accidents and incidents worldwise as reported in the Aviation Safety Network wiki database, including 58 hull losses.[15]

September 11, 1983: A P.68C, N29561, performing an aerobatic display broke up in flight during an airshow in Plainview, Texas. The NTSB report revealed that analysis of the video showed the aircraft performed a fly-by over the runway, exceeding its Vne (Velocity, never-exceed) speed by 27 knots. The pilot then executed a sharp nose-up pitch change of about 8 degrees, which spiked the aircraft's dynamic load factor to 8.3Gs and caused both wings to fail in the main spar just outside both engine nacelles then separate from the aircraft, which then began rotating, causing the rear fuselage to twist along its length between its cabin and empennage. The aircraft then plummeted 250 feet down just beyond the group of spectators.[16]

Specifications (P.68C)

The Observer cockpit with an EFIS flight deck
The P.68 cabin

Data from Vulcanair brochure[6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one
  • Capacity: plus five passengers
  • Length: 31 ft 0 in (9.55 m)
  • Wingspan: 108 ft 3 in (33 m)
  • Height: 12 ft 3 in (3.40 m)
  • Empty weight: 3,130 lb (1,420 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 4,594 lb (2,084 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 177 US gal (147 imp gal; 670 L)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Lycoming IO-360-A1B6[a] air-cooled horizontally-opposed engine, 100 hp (75 kW) each
  • Propellers: 2-bladed

Performanceat sea level

  • Cruise speed: 160 kn (187 mph, 301 km/h) at 10,000 ft (3,050 m) (econ cruise)
  • Stall speed: 57 kn (66 mph, 106 km/h) (flaps down, power off)
  • Range: 1,103 nmi (1,269 mi, 2,043 km) (econ cruise, standard fuel)
  • Service ceiling: 18,000 ft (5,490 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,100 ft/min (6.0 m/s)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Italian Twin". FLIGHT International. 11 June 1970.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Type certificate data sheet A.385 Vulcanair P.68" (PDF). EASA. 18 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Type Certificate data sheet A31EU" (PDF). FAA. 13 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Partenavia Victor certificated". FLIGHT International. 30 December 1971.
  5. ^ "Vulcan Air resurrects Partenavia P.68 line". Flightglobal. 15 April 1998.
  6. ^ a b "Brochure" (PDF). Vulcanair. 17 March 2015.
  7. ^ a b "World Air Forces 2021". Flightglobal Insight. 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Flight history for aircraft - D-GHEA". flightradar24.com. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  9. ^ "Special Mission P68 Observer". vulcanair.com. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  10. ^ Craig, Peter (20 August 2019). "New police planes to patrol skies over North East Lincolnshire". Grimsby Live. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  11. ^ "DFG and Partners use Aircraft and Submersible Camera to Count Pacific Sardine". cdfgnews.wordpress.com. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  12. ^ "New York State Police Aviation Unit". troopers.ny.gov. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  13. ^ https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/Search/NNumberResult?NNumbertxt=357PN
  14. ^ * Hatch, Paul F. (July 1985). "Air Forces of the World: Bophuthatswana Air Force". Air Pictorial. Vol. 47, no. 7. p. 249.
  15. ^ "Wiki Database - Type = P.68". Aviation Safety Network. 1 July 2019.
  16. ^ "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 40417". Aviation Safety Network. 24 January 2020.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Partenavia P.68


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Partenavia_P.68&oldid=1023065830"