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{{Short description|Species of gastropod}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| image = Pomacea diffusa shell.jpg
| image = Pomacea diffusa 01.JPG
| image_caption = shell of ''Pomacea diffusa''
| image2 = Pomacea diffusa 02.JPG
| image2_caption = ''Pomacea diffusa'' shell
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| classis = [[Gastropoda]]
| classis = [[Gastropoda]]
| unranked_familia = clade [[Caenogastropoda]]<br/>
| unranked_superfamilia = clade [[Caenogastropoda]]<br/>
informal group [[Architaenioglossa]]
informal group [[Architaenioglossa]]
| superfamilia = [[Ampullarioidea]]
| superfamilia = [[Ampullarioidea]]
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| species = '''''P. diffusa'''''
| species = '''''P. diffusa'''''
| binomial = ''Pomacea diffusa''
| binomial = ''Pomacea diffusa''
| binomial_authority = Blume, 1957
| binomial_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
}}
}}


[[File:Apple snail.jpg|thumb|Apple snail]]
⚫
'''''Pomacea diffusa''''', common name '''spike-topped apple snail''', is a species of [[freshwater gastropod]] in the family Ampullariidae.

⚫
'''''Pomacea diffusa''''', [[common name]] the '''spike-topped apple snail''', is a [[species]] of [[freshwater snail]], an aquatic [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the family [[Ampullariidae]], the apple snails.


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
''Pomacea diffusa'' was originally described as a subspecies of ''[[Pomacea bridgesii]]''.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Pain (1960)<ref>Pain T. (1960). "''Pomacea'' (Ampullariidae) of the Amazon River system". ''Journal of Conchology'' '''24''': 421-432.</ref> argued that ''Pomacea bridgesii bridgesii'' was a larger form with a restricted range, with the smaller ''Pomacea bridgesii diffusa'' being the common form throughout the [[Amazon Basin]] (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia).<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Cowie and Thiengo (2003)<ref>Cowie R. H & Thiengo S. C. (2003). "The apple snails of the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: ''Asolene'', ''Felipponea'', ''Marisa'', ''Pomacea'', ''Pomella''): a nomenclatural and type catalog". ''[[Malacologia]]'' '''45''': 41-100.</ref> suggested that the latter might deserve full species status, and the two taxa have been confirmed as distinct species by genetic analyses.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>
''Pomacea diffusa'' was originally described as a subspecies of ''[[Pomacea bridgesii]]''.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Pain (1960)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pain|first=T.|year=1960|title=Pomacea (Ampullariidae) of the Amazon River system|journal=Journal of Conchology|volume=24|pages=421–443}}</ref> argued that ''Pomacea bridgesii bridgesii'' was a larger form with a restricted range, with the smaller ''Pomacea bridgesii diffusa'' being the common form throughout the [[Amazon Basin]] (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia).<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Cowie and Thiengo (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cowie|first1=R. H.|last2=Thiengo|first2=S. C.|year=2003|title=The apple snails of the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Asolene, Felipponea, Marisa, Pomacea, Pomella): a nomenclatural and type catalog|journal=[[Malacologia]]|volume=45|pages=41–100}}</ref> suggested that the latter might deserve full species status, and the two taxa have been confirmed as distinct species by genetic analyses.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>


== Distribution ==
== Distribution ==
Line 29: Line 33:
Non-indigenous distribution of ''Pomacea diffusa'' include:
Non-indigenous distribution of ''Pomacea diffusa'' include:


* Thompson<ref>Thompson F. G. (1984). ''Freshwater snails of Florida: A manual for identification''. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.</ref> recorded this species (as ''Pomacea bridgesii'') in Florida in [[Monroe County, Florida|Monroe]], [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade]], [[Broward County, Florida|Broward]], [[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach]], and [[Pinellas County, Florida|Pinellas Counties]].<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> The FLMNH electronic database also lists samples from [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]], but records cited from the FLMNH database for [[Brevard County, Florida|Brevard County]] are in fact from [[Broward County, Florida|Broward County]].<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Rawlings et al. (2007)<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> also collected this species in [[Hillsborough County, Florida|Hillsborough]] and [[Collier County, Florida|Collier Counties]].
* Thompson<ref>{{Cite book|title=Freshwater snails of Florida: A manual for identification|last=Thompson|first=F. G.|publisher=[[University of Florida Press]]|year=1984|location=Gainesville}}</ref> recorded this species (as ''Pomacea bridgesii'') in Florida in [[Monroe County, Florida|Monroe]], [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade]], [[Broward County, Florida|Broward]], [[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach]], and [[Pinellas County, Florida|Pinellas Counties]].<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> The FLMNH electronic database also lists samples from [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]], but records cited from the FLMNH database for [[Brevard County, Florida|Brevard County]] are in fact from [[Broward County, Florida|Broward County]].<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Rawlings et al. (2007)<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> also collected this species in [[Hillsborough County, Florida|Hillsborough]] and [[Collier County, Florida|Collier Counties]].
* ''Pomacea diffusa'' was first recorded in Florida (as ''Pomacea bridgesii'') by [[William J. Clench]].<ref>[[William J. Clench|Clench W. J.]] (1966). "''Pomacea bridgesi'' (Reeve) in Florida". ''Nautilus'' '''79''': 105.</ref><ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> The FLMNH has specimens collected in [[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach County]] in 1967 (FLMNH 20295) and [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade]] and [[Broward County, Florida|Broward Counties]] in the early 1970s (FLMNH 22175, 222247).<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Howells et al. (2006)<ref>Howells R. G., Burlakova L. F., Karatayev A. Y., Marfurt R. K. & Burks R. L. (2006). "Native and introduced Ampullariidae in North America: History, status, and ecology. In Global Advances in the Ecology and Management of Golden Apple Snails". In: Joshi R. C., Sebastian L. S., Muñoz N. E. (2006). Philippine Rice Research Institute. '''2006''': 73-112.</ref> reported its establishment in [[Mobile, Alabama]] in 2003.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>
* ''Pomacea diffusa'' was first recorded in Florida (as ''Pomacea bridgesii'') by [[William J. Clench]].<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clench|first=W. J.|author-link=William J. Clench|year=1966|title=Pomacea bridgesi (Reeve) in Florida|journal=Nautilus|volume=79|pages=105}}</ref> The FLMNH has specimens collected in [[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach County]] in 1967 (FLMNH 20295) and [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade]] and [[Broward County, Florida|Broward Counties]] in the early 1970s (FLMNH 22175, 222247).<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> Howells et al. (2006)<ref>Howells R. G., Burlakova L. F., Karatayev A. Y., Marfurt R. K. & Burks R. L. (2006). "Native and introduced Ampullariidae in North America: History, status, and ecology. In Global Advances in the Ecology and Management of Golden Apple Snails". In: Joshi R. C., Sebastian L. S., Muñoz N. E. (2006). Philippine Rice Research Institute. '''2006''': 73-112.</ref> reported its establishment in [[Mobile, Alabama]] in 2003.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>
* [[List of non-marine molluscs of Cuba|Cuba]]<ref name="Vázquez 2010">Vázquez A. A. & Perera S. (2010). "Endemic Freshwater molluscs of Cuba and their conservation status". ''[[Tropical Conservation Science]]'' '''3'''(2): 190-199. [http://tropicalconservationscience.mongabay.com/content/v3/10-06-28_190-199_Perera&Valderrama.html HTM], [http://tropicalconservationscience.mongabay.com/content/v3/10-06-28_190-199_Perera&Valderrama.pdf PDF].</ref>
* [[List of non-marine molluscs of Cuba|Cuba]]<ref name="Vázquez 2010">{{Cite journal|last1=Perera|first1=Antonio Alejandro Vázquez|last2=Valderrama|first2=Susana Perera|year=2010|title=Endemic Freshwater Molluscs of Cuba and Their Conservation Status|journal=Tropical Conservation Science|language=en|volume=3|issue=2|pages=190–199|doi=10.1177/194008291000300206|doi-access=free}}</ref>


== Description ==
== Description ==
[[File:Pomacea diffusa shell.jpg|left|thumb|Two views of a [[gastropod shell|shell]] of ''Pomacea diffusa'']]
''Pomacea diffusa'' is known as the spike-topped apple snail, because of its relatively raised [[spire (mollusc)|spire]].<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> It lacks a channeled [[suture (gastropod)|suture]], and overlaps in size with the ''[[Pomacea paludosa]]''.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>
''Pomacea diffusa'' is known as the spike-topped apple snail, because of its relatively raised [[spire (mollusc)|spire]].<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/> It lacks a channeled [[suture (gastropod)|suture]], and overlaps in size with the ''[[Pomacea paludosa]]''.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>


[[File:Pomacea diffusa eggs.jpg|thumb|eggs of ''Pomacea diffusa'']]
[[File:Pomacea diffusa eggs.jpg|thumb|An egg cluster of ''Pomacea diffusa'']]
The egg masses have an irregular honeycombed appearance, like those of ''[[Pomacea haustrum]]'', but are smaller and have a tan to salmon color, although the egg masses are white when freshly laid.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>
The egg masses have an irregular honeycombed appearance, like those of ''[[Pomacea haustrum]]'', but are smaller and have a tan to salmon color, although they are white when freshly laid.<ref name="Rawlings 2007"/>

==Human use==
It is a part of ornamental [[pet trade]] for [[Freshwater aquarium|freshwater aquaria]].<ref name="Ng 2016">Ng, T. H., Tan, S. K., Wong, W. H., Meier, R., Chan, S. Y., Tan, H. H., & Yeo, D. C. (2016). "Molluscs for sale: assessment of freshwater gastropods and bivalves in the ornamental pet trade". ''PLoS ONE'' '''11'''(8): e0161130. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0161130}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Algae eater]]


== References ==
== References ==
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference <ref name="Rawlings 2007">Rawlings T. A., Hayes K. A., Cowie R. H. & Collins T. M. (2007). "The identity, distribution, and impacts on non-native apple snails in the continental United States". ''[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]'' '''7''': 97 [[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-97]].</ref>.
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.<ref name="Rawlings 2007">{{Cite journal|last1=Rawlings|first1=Timothy A.|last2=Hayes|first2=Kenneth A.|last3=Cowie|first3=Robert H.|last4=Collins|first4=Timothy M.|year=2007|title=The identity, distribution, and impacts of non-native apple snails in the continental United States|journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]]|volume=7|pages=97|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-97|issn=1471-2148|pmc=1919357|pmid=17594487 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2007BMCEE...7...97R }}</ref>
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Pomacea diffusa}}
{{Commons category|Pomacea diffusa}}
*[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/gastro/apple_snails.htm Applesnails of Florida] on the [[University of Florida|UF]] / [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS]] Featured Creatures Web site
*[http://www.applesnail.net/content/species/pomacea_diffusa.htm] [The apple snail website species page]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1763205}}


[[Category:Ampullariidae]]
[[Category:Pomacea|diffusa]]
[[Category:Gastropods described in 1957]]

Latest revision as of 10:14, 27 February 2024

Pomacea diffusa
Pomacea diffusa shell
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda
informal group Architaenioglossa
Superfamily:
Ampullarioidea
Family:
Ampullariidae
Subfamily:
Ampullariinae
Tribe:
Ampullariini
Genus:
Pomacea
Species:
P. diffusa
Binomial name
Pomacea diffusa
Linnaeus, 1758
Apple snail

Pomacea diffusa, common name the spike-topped apple snail, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

Taxonomy[edit]

Pomacea diffusa was originally described as a subspecies of Pomacea bridgesii.[1] Pain (1960)[2] argued that Pomacea bridgesii bridgesii was a larger form with a restricted range, with the smaller Pomacea bridgesii diffusa being the common form throughout the Amazon Basin (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia).[1] Cowie and Thiengo (2003)[3] suggested that the latter might deserve full species status, and the two taxa have been confirmed as distinct species by genetic analyses.[1]

Distribution[edit]

The type locality of Pomacea diffusa is in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, although the species is widespread throughout the Amazon Basin.[1]

Non-indigenous distribution of Pomacea diffusa include:

Description[edit]

Two views of a shell of Pomacea diffusa

Pomacea diffusa is known as the spike-topped apple snail, because of its relatively raised spire.[1] It lacks a channeled suture, and overlaps in size with the Pomacea paludosa.[1]

An egg cluster of Pomacea diffusa

The egg masses have an irregular honeycombed appearance, like those of Pomacea haustrum, but are smaller and have a tan to salmon color, although they are white when freshly laid.[1]

Human use[edit]

It is a part of ornamental pet trade for freshwater aquaria.[8]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.[1]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Rawlings, Timothy A.; Hayes, Kenneth A.; Cowie, Robert H.; Collins, Timothy M. (2007). "The identity, distribution, and impacts of non-native apple snails in the continental United States". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 97. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7...97R. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-97. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 1919357. PMID 17594487.
  2. ^ Pain, T. (1960). "Pomacea (Ampullariidae) of the Amazon River system". Journal of Conchology. 24: 421–443.
  3. ^ Cowie, R. H.; Thiengo, S. C. (2003). "The apple snails of the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Asolene, Felipponea, Marisa, Pomacea, Pomella): a nomenclatural and type catalog". Malacologia. 45: 41–100.
  4. ^ Thompson, F. G. (1984). Freshwater snails of Florida: A manual for identification. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
  5. ^ Clench, W. J. (1966). "Pomacea bridgesi (Reeve) in Florida". Nautilus. 79: 105.
  6. ^ Howells R. G., Burlakova L. F., Karatayev A. Y., Marfurt R. K. & Burks R. L. (2006). "Native and introduced Ampullariidae in North America: History, status, and ecology. In Global Advances in the Ecology and Management of Golden Apple Snails". In: Joshi R. C., Sebastian L. S., Muñoz N. E. (2006). Philippine Rice Research Institute. 2006: 73-112.
  7. ^ Perera, Antonio Alejandro Vázquez; Valderrama, Susana Perera (2010). "Endemic Freshwater Molluscs of Cuba and Their Conservation Status". Tropical Conservation Science. 3 (2): 190–199. doi:10.1177/194008291000300206.
  8. ^ Ng, T. H., Tan, S. K., Wong, W. H., Meier, R., Chan, S. Y., Tan, H. H., & Yeo, D. C. (2016). "Molluscs for sale: assessment of freshwater gastropods and bivalves in the ornamental pet trade". PLoS ONE 11(8): e0161130. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161130

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pomacea diffusa.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomacea_diffusa&oldid=1210587665"