RWD 15: Difference between revisions
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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{{infobox Aircraft |
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|name =RWD-15 |
|name =RWD-15 |
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|image =RWD-15 1.png |
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|type =Touring plane |
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|manufacturer =[[RWD (aircraft manufacturer)|DWL]] |
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|image = |
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|caption = |
|caption = |
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}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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|type =Touring aircraft |
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|manufacturer =[[Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze|DWL]] |
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|designer = [[RWD (aircraft manufacturer)|RWD]] team |
|designer = [[RWD (aircraft manufacturer)|RWD]] team |
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|first flight = [[1937 in aviation|1937]] |
|first flight = [[1937 in aviation|1937]] |
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|status = |
|status = |
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|primary user = Poland |
|primary user = Poland |
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|more users = [[Romania]]<br/>[[British Mandate of Palestine]] |
|more users = [[Romania]]<br/>[[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]] |
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|produced = [[1939 in aviation|1939]] |
|produced = [[1939 in aviation|1939]] |
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|number built = |
|number built = 5+1 prototype |
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|unit cost = |
|unit cost = 70,000 [[złoty]]<ref name=sp/> |
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|developed from = [[RWD-13]] |
|developed from = [[RWD-13]] |
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|variants with their own articles = |
|variants with their own articles = |
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}} |
}} |
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|} |
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The '''RWD-15''' was a |
The '''RWD-15''' was a Polish touring aircraft of [[1937 in aviation|1937]], designed by the [[RWD (aircraft manufacturer)|RWD]] team and built by the [[Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze]] (DWL). |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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The '''RWD-15''' was an enlarged development of the [[RWD-13]] three-seat touring aircraft, designed by [[Stanisław Rogalski]] of the [[RWD (aircraft manufacturer)|RWD]] team, in the [[Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze|DWL]] workshops in Warsaw. The prototype first flew in spring [[1937 in aviation|1937]] (registration SP-BFX). It inherited RWD-13's advantages, like ease of flying, with good stability. In [[1939 in aviation|1939]], five aircraft were produced by the outbreak of [[World War II]]. A series of 10 RWD-15 was ordered by the Polish Air Force as [[liaison aircraft]] in 1939, but they were not completed before the war. Only one of five ordered [[air ambulance]]s RWD-15S, with two [[stretcher]]s, were built.<ref name=morg>{{cite book |last1=Morgała|first1=Andrzej|date= 2003|title=Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1924–1939|trans-title= Military aircraft in Poland 1924–1939|language= pl|location=Warsaw |publisher= Bellona|isbn=83-11-09319-9|pages=314–315}}</ref> There was proposed an aerial photography variant, but it was not built.<ref name=Glass/> |
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The '''RWD-15''' was an enlarged developed of a 3-seater [[RWD-13]] touring plane, designed by [[Stanisław Rogalski]] in the DWL workshops. |
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The prototype first flew in spring [[1937 in aviation|1937]] (registration SP-BFX). It inherited RWD-13's advantages, like ease of flying, with a good stability. In [[1939 in aviation|1939]], 5 serial aircraft were produced. A series of 10 RWD-15 was ordered by the Polish Air Force as [[liaison aircraft]] in 1939, but it has not been completed before the outbreak of [[World War II]]. Also planned variants of [[air ambulance]] for two [[stretcher]]s and of aerial photography plane has not been built by the war. |
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==Description== |
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Five-seater touring [[strut]]ted high-wing [[monoplane]] of mixed construction. Fuselage frame was metal, covered with [[canvas]], the engine section covered with [[aluminium]] sheets. A two-spar rectangular wing was of wooden construction, covered with canvas and plywood leading edges, supported by V-struts. Wings were rearwards folding, and were equipped with automatic [[Leading edge slats|slats]]. Cantilever wooden [[empennage|tail unit]], covered with plywood (stabilizers) and canvas (rudder and elevators). The cabin was enclosed, with two front seats fitted with dual controls, and behind them a bench with three seats.<ref name=Glass/><ref name=sp>''RWD-15''. "Skrzydlata Polska" June–July 1938, issue 6-7/1938 (164-165), p.204-206 (in Polish)</ref> The cabin had a single door on the left and a pair of doors on the right side, with two luggage compartments at the rear. Engine at the front - 205 hp [[de Havilland Gipsy Six]] II, with a two-blade metal tractor propeller (DH Hamilton 1000) of variable pitch, 2.28 m diameter. Conventional fixed [[landing gear]], with a tail-wheel. |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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RWD-15 were used |
All RWD-15 were initially used in Poland. Two aircraft were formally subordinated to the [[Polish Air Force]] (the 1st Aviation Regiment in Warsaw) - one bought by the Presidential Chancellory and belonging to the Staff Escadrille, and the other in air ambulance variants RWD-15S.<ref name=morg/> One aircraft (registration SP-KAT) was completed as a long-range variant, with fuel tanks in place of rear seats, owned by the [[LOPP]] paramilitary organization.<ref name=Glass/> It was planned to fly it to [[Australia]] in marketing goals, with Maj. Stanisław Karpiński, but the plans were suspended after the German invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.<ref name=Glass/> In some publications it is designated RWD-15bis.<ref name=morg/> Last RWD-15 was made in August 1939, with civil registration SP-ALA.<ref name=morg/> |
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In 1939, the prototype RWD-15 (registration SP-BFX) was sold to [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]], and used there by the [[Aviron Aviation Company]] (registration: VQ-PAE). From 1945, it was used as a passenger aircraft on routes from [[Lod]] to [[Tel Aviv]] and to [[Egypt]]. In December 1947, it had to be abandoned in [[Lod]] while undergoing repairs, and was burned on 6 April 1948 by Arabs.<ref name="Stefanicki">{{cite web |last1=Stefanicki|first1=Maciej |title=Samoloty RWD w Brazylii, Izraelu i USA |url=http://www.samoloty.ow.pl/str356.htm |accessdate=20 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709054823/http://www.samoloty.ow.pl/str356.htm |archivedate=9 July 2007|language=Polish}}</ref> |
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After the outbreak of |
After the outbreak of [[World War II]], in September 1939 two civilian RWD-14 (SP-ALA, SP-KAT) were evacuated to [[Romania]]. After the fall of Poland, they were sold by the manufacturer for a fraction of value to Romanian government, and used by Romanian civil aviation (registration YR-FAN and YR-TIT respectively).<ref name=morg/> After Romania joined the war on [[Axis Powers|Axis]] side and took part in [[Operation Barbarossa|attack on the USSR]], RWD-15s were used as liaison aircraft on the eastern front by the [[Romanian Air Force]].<ref name=morg/> |
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One RWD-15 was reportedly sent to the [[1939 New York World's Fair]],<ref name=morg/> along with a [[RWD-13]], and then sold there, but there is no evidence of such aircraft in the US register.<ref name="Stefanicki"/> |
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==Operators== |
==Operators== |
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;{{ |
;{{flag|British Mandate for Palestine}} |
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*[[Aviron]] |
*[[Aviron (airline)|Aviron]] |
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;{{ISR}} |
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*[[Sherut Avir]] |
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;{{POL}} |
;{{POL}} |
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;{{flag|Romania|1867}} |
;{{flag|Romania|1867}} |
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*[[Romanian Air Force]] |
*[[Royal Romanian Air Force]] |
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==Specifications == |
==Specifications == |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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===Description=== |
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|ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937,<ref name=JAWA1937>{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1937 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |editor2-last=Bridgman|editor2-first=Leonard |page=249c}}</ref> Polish Aircraft 1893–1939,<ref name=Cynk>{{cite book |last=Cynk |first=Jerzy B. |title=Polish Aircraft 1893–1939 |year=1971 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=978-0-370-00085-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/552 552-555] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/552 }}</ref> Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939<ref name="Glass">{{cite book|last1=Glass|first1=Andrzej|title=Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939|date=1977|publisher=WKiŁ|location=Warsaw 1977|pages=320–322|language=Polish}}</ref> |
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Five-seater touring [[strut]]ted high-wing [[monoplane]] of a mixed construction. A fuselage of a metal frame, covered with [[canvas]], in engine section with [[aluminium]] sheets. Two-spar rectangular wing of wooden construction, canvas and plywood covered. Wings were folding rearwards, and were equipped with automatic [[slats]]. Closed cabin with two front places fitted with double controls, behind them a bench with three seats. The cabin had a single door on the left and a pair of doors on the right side. Two-blade metal propeller of variable pitch, 2.28 m diameter. Conventional [[landing gear]], with a rear wheel. Fuel tanks in wings - 240 l. |
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|prime units?=met |
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{{aircraft specifications| |
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General characteristics |
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--> |
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<!-- please answer the following questions --> |
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|crew=1 |
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|plane or copter?=plane |
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|capacity=4<ref name=Glass/> |
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|jet or prop?=prop |
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|length m=9 |
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<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For additional lines, end your alt units with )</li> and start a new, fully-formatted line with <li> --> |
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|span m=12.4 |
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|crew=1 |
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|height m=2.5 |
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|capacity=4 |
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|wing area sqm=20 |
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|length main=9.0 m |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|length alt=29 ft 6¼ in |
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|airfoil= |
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|span main=12.40 m |
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|empty weight kg=875 |
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|span alt=40 ft 8 in |
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|gross weight kg=1360 |
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|height main=2.5 m |
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|max takeoff weight kg= |
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|height alt= 8 ft 2 in |
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|fuel capacity={{cvt|240|L|USgal impgal}} |
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|area main=20 m² |
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|more general= |
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|area alt= 215 ft² |
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<!-- |
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|empty weight main= 875 kg |
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Powerplant |
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|empty weight alt= 1,925 lb |
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--> |
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|loaded weight main= 1,360 kg |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|loaded weight alt=2,992 lb |
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|eng1 name=[[de Havilland Gipsy Six II]] |
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|useful load main= 485 kg |
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|eng1 type=6-cyl inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine |
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|useful load alt= 1,067 lb |
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|eng1 hp=205 |
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|max takeoff weight main= |
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|max takeoff weight alt= |
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|engine (prop)=[[de Havilland Gipsy Six]] II |
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|type of prop= air-cooled 6-cylinder inline engine |
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|number of props=1 |
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|power main=153 kW |
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|power alt= 205 hp |
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|max speed main=240 km/h |
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|max speed alt= 130 knots, 149 mph |
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|cruise speed main=220 km/h |
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|cruise speed alt= 119 knots, 137 mph |
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|stall speed main= <75 km/h |
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|stall speed alt= 41 knots, 47 mph |
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|range main=465 km |
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|range alt= 251 nm, 289 mi |
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|ceiling main=5,000 m |
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|ceiling alt=16,400 ft |
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|climb rate main= 4.8 m/s |
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|climb rate alt= 950 ft/min |
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|loading main= 68 kg/m² |
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|loading alt= 13.9 lb/ft² |
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|power/mass main= 0.11 kW/kg |
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|power/mass alt= 0.067 hp/lb |
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|prop blade number=2 |
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|prop name=de Havilland 1000 (Hamilton) constant-speed metal propeller |
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|prop dia m=2.28 |
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<!-- |
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Performance |
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--> |
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|max speed kmh=240 |
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|max speed note=at sea level |
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|cruise speed kmh=210 |
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|cruise speed note=at {{cvt|1000|m}}<br> |
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:::::{{cvt|220|km/h|mph kn}} at {{cvt|3000|m}} |
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*'''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|75|km/h|mph kn}} |
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|stall speed kmh= |
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|never exceed speed kmh= |
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|range km=1000 |
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|range note=with two passengers<br> |
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:::::{{cvt|465|km|mi nmi}} with four passengers |
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|ferry range km= |
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|endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m=5000 |
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|ceiling note=service ceiling |
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|g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|climb rate ms=4.8 |
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|time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m}} in 5 minutes |
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|wing loading kg/m2=68 |
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|fuel consumption kg/km= |
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|power/mass={{cvt|0.0685|hp/lb|kW/kg|order=flip}} |
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|more performance=* '''Take-off distance to {{cvt|8|m}}:''' {{cvt|200|m}} |
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}} |
}} |
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== |
==See also== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" (''Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939''), WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 (Polish language, no ISBN) |
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==External links== |
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*[http://home.iprolink.ch/gujski/L/Samoloty/rwd/rwd-15pl1.html photo] |
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*[http://www.airwar.ru/enc/law1/rwd15.html Photos and drawing] at [http://www.airwar.ru Ugolok Neba] site (in Russian) |
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==Related content== |
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{{aircontent| |
{{aircontent| |
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|related= |
|related= |
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[[RWD-6]] - |
*[[RWD-6]] - [[RWD-9]] – [[RWD-13]] - [[RWD-20]] |
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[[RWD-9]] – |
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[[RWD-13]] - |
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[[RWD-20]] |
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|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |
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[[Stinson Reliant]] |
*[[Stinson Reliant]] |
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*[[Heston Phoenix]] |
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|sequence= |
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[[RWD-10]] - |
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[[RWD-11]] - |
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[[RWD-13]] - |
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[[RWD-14 Czapla|RWD-14]] – |
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'''RWD-15''' – |
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[[RWD-16]] - |
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[[RWD-17]] |
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[[RWD-18]] - |
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[[RWD-19]] |
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|lists=<!-- related lists --> |
|lists=<!-- related lists --> |
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|see also=<!-- other relevant information --> |
|see also=<!-- other relevant information --> |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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*[http://www.airwar.ru/enc/law1/rwd15.html Photos and drawing] at [http://www.airwar.ru Ugolok Neba] site (in Russian) |
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{{RWD aircraft}} |
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[[Category:Polish civil utility aircraft 1930-1939|RWD-15]] |
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[[Category:1930s Polish civil utility aircraft|RWD-15]] |
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[[pl:RWD-15]] |
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[[Category:RWD aircraft|RWD-15]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category:High-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1937]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:07, 26 December 2023
| RWD-15 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Touring aircraft |
| Manufacturer | DWL |
| Designer | RWD team |
| First flight | 1937 |
| Primary users | Poland Romania British Mandate of Palestine |
| Produced | 1939 |
| Number built | 5+1 prototype |
| Developed from | RWD-13 |
The RWD-15 was a Polish touring aircraft of 1937, designed by the RWD team and built by the Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze (DWL).
Design and development[edit]
The RWD-15 was an enlarged development of the RWD-13 three-seat touring aircraft, designed by Stanisław Rogalski of the RWD team, in the DWL workshops in Warsaw. The prototype first flew in spring 1937 (registration SP-BFX). It inherited RWD-13's advantages, like ease of flying, with good stability. In 1939, five aircraft were produced by the outbreak of World War II. A series of 10 RWD-15 was ordered by the Polish Air Force as liaison aircraft in 1939, but they were not completed before the war. Only one of five ordered air ambulances RWD-15S, with two stretchers, were built.[1] There was proposed an aerial photography variant, but it was not built.[2]
Description[edit]
Five-seater touring strutted high-wing monoplane of mixed construction. Fuselage frame was metal, covered with canvas, the engine section covered with aluminium sheets. A two-spar rectangular wing was of wooden construction, covered with canvas and plywood leading edges, supported by V-struts. Wings were rearwards folding, and were equipped with automatic slats. Cantilever wooden tail unit, covered with plywood (stabilizers) and canvas (rudder and elevators). The cabin was enclosed, with two front seats fitted with dual controls, and behind them a bench with three seats.[2][3] The cabin had a single door on the left and a pair of doors on the right side, with two luggage compartments at the rear. Engine at the front - 205 hp de Havilland Gipsy Six II, with a two-blade metal tractor propeller (DH Hamilton 1000) of variable pitch, 2.28 m diameter. Conventional fixed landing gear, with a tail-wheel.
Operational history[edit]
All RWD-15 were initially used in Poland. Two aircraft were formally subordinated to the Polish Air Force (the 1st Aviation Regiment in Warsaw) - one bought by the Presidential Chancellory and belonging to the Staff Escadrille, and the other in air ambulance variants RWD-15S.[1] One aircraft (registration SP-KAT) was completed as a long-range variant, with fuel tanks in place of rear seats, owned by the LOPP paramilitary organization.[2] It was planned to fly it to Australia in marketing goals, with Maj. Stanisław Karpiński, but the plans were suspended after the German invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.[2] In some publications it is designated RWD-15bis.[1] Last RWD-15 was made in August 1939, with civil registration SP-ALA.[1]
In 1939, the prototype RWD-15 (registration SP-BFX) was sold to Palestine, and used there by the Aviron Aviation Company (registration: VQ-PAE). From 1945, it was used as a passenger aircraft on routes from Lod to Tel Aviv and to Egypt. In December 1947, it had to be abandoned in Lod while undergoing repairs, and was burned on 6 April 1948 by Arabs.[4]
After the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939 two civilian RWD-14 (SP-ALA, SP-KAT) were evacuated to Romania. After the fall of Poland, they were sold by the manufacturer for a fraction of value to Romanian government, and used by Romanian civil aviation (registration YR-FAN and YR-TIT respectively).[1] After Romania joined the war on Axis side and took part in attack on the USSR, RWD-15s were used as liaison aircraft on the eastern front by the Romanian Air Force.[1]
One RWD-15 was reportedly sent to the 1939 New York World's Fair,[1] along with a RWD-13, and then sold there, but there is no evidence of such aircraft in the US register.[4]
Operators[edit]
Specifications[edit]
Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937,[5] Polish Aircraft 1893–1939,[6] Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939[2]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 4[2]
- Length: 9 m (29 ft 6 in)
- Wingspan: 12.4 m (40 ft 8 in)
- Height: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
- Wing area: 20 m2 (220 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 875 kg (1,929 lb)
- Gross weight: 1,360 kg (2,998 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 240 L (63 US gal; 53 imp gal)
- Powerplant: 1 × de Havilland Gipsy Six II 6-cyl inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine, 153 kW (205 hp)
- Propellers: 2-bladed de Havilland 1000 (Hamilton) constant-speed metal propeller, 2.28 m (7 ft 6 in) diameter
Performance
- Maximum speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn) at sea level
- Cruise speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn) at 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
- 220 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
- Landing speed: 75 km/h (47 mph; 40 kn)
- Range: 1,000 km (620 mi, 540 nmi) with two passengers
- 465 km (289 mi; 251 nmi) with four passengers
- Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft) service ceiling
- Rate of climb: 4.8 m/s (940 ft/min)
- Time to altitude: 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 5 minutes
- Wing loading: 68 kg/m2 (14 lb/sq ft)
- Power/mass: 0.1126 kW/kg (0.0685 hp/lb)
- Take-off distance to 8 m (26 ft): 200 m (660 ft)
See also[edit]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g Morgała, Andrzej (2003). Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1924–1939 [Military aircraft in Poland 1924–1939] (in Polish). Warsaw: Bellona. pp. 314–315. ISBN 83-11-09319-9.
- ^ a b c d e f Glass, Andrzej (1977). Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 (in Polish). Warsaw 1977: WKiŁ. pp. 320–322.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ RWD-15. "Skrzydlata Polska" June–July 1938, issue 6-7/1938 (164-165), p.204-206 (in Polish)
- ^ a b Stefanicki, Maciej. "Samoloty RWD w Brazylii, Izraelu i USA" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Grey, C.G.; Bridgman, Leonard, eds. (1937). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1937. London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. p. 249c.
- ^ Cynk, Jerzy B. (1971). Polish Aircraft 1893–1939. London: Putnam. pp. 552-555. ISBN 978-0-370-00085-5.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to RWD 15.
- Photos and drawing at Ugolok Neba site (in Russian)