Hasekura Tsunenaga and Vyacheslav Butsayev: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Ice Hockey Player
{{featured article}}
| image =
{{Japanese name|Hasekura}}
| image_size=
{| align=right style="border:1px solid; margin: 0 0 1em 1em" width=270px
| played_for = [[Philadelphia Flyers]]<br>[[San Jose Sharks]]<br>[[Mighty Ducks of Anaheim]]<br>[[Florida Panthers]]<br>[[Ottawa Senators]]<br>[[Tampa Bay Lightning]]
|colspan="3" align=center|'''Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga<br/>(1571–1622)'''<br/>[[Image:Hasekura in Rome.JPG|270px]]<br/><small>Hasekura's portrait during his mission in Rome in 1615, by [[Claude Deruet]], [[Galleria Borghese|Coll. Borghese]], [[Rome]]</small>
| league = [[Vysshaya Liga (ice hockey)|Vysshaya Liga]]
| position = [[centre (ice hockey)|Centre]]
| shoots = Left
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 0
| weight_lb = 198
| nickname =
| nationality = Russia
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|6|13|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Togliatti, Russia|Togliatti]], [[Soviet Union|USSR]]
| draft = 109th overall
| draft_year = 1990
| draft_team = [[Philadelphia Flyers]]
| career_start = 1989
| career_end = 2007
}}
'''Vyacheslav Butsayev''' (born [[June 13]], [[1970]] in [[Togliatti, Russia|Togliatti]], [[Soviet Union|U.S.S.R.]]) is a retired [[ice hockey]] [[Centre (ice hockey)|centre]]. He was drafted by the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] in the sixth round, 109th overall, of the [[1990 NHL Entry Draft]]. He last played for [[HC Dmitrov]] in Russia's [[Vysshaya Liga (ice hockey)|Vysshaya Liga]].

Butsayev played in the Soviet Union for several seasons before coming to [[North America]], including three seasons with [[HC CSKA Moscow]]. He joined the Flyers for the [[1992–93 NHL season|1992–93 season]], playing in 52 games and scoring 16 points.

Butsayev was a journeyman in the NHL, playing for the Flyers, [[San Jose Sharks]], [[Mighty Ducks of Anaheim]], [[Florida Panthers]], [[Ottawa Senators]], and [[Tampa Bay Lightning]]. He returned to [[Russia]] for the 2001–02 season and has played there since.

In his NHL career, Butsayev appeared in 132 games. He scored 17 goals and added 26 assists.

==Career statistics==
{| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="0" width="75%" style="text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;
! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;
! colspan="5" | Regular&nbsp;Season
! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;
! colspan="5" | Playoffs
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! ALIGN="center" | Season
! ALIGN="center" | Team
! ALIGN="center" | League
! ALIGN="center" | GP
! ALIGN="center" | [[Goal (ice hockey)|G]]
! ALIGN="center" | [[Assist (ice hockey)|A]]
! ALIGN="center" | [[Point (ice hockey)|Pts]]
! ALIGN="center" | [[Penalty (ice hockey)|PIM]]
! ALIGN="center" | GP
! ALIGN="center" | G
! ALIGN="center" | A
! ALIGN="center" | Pts
! ALIGN="center" | PIM
|-
|-
| 1987–88||[[Tolyatti Torpedo]]||Rus-1||37||8||4||12||14||--||--||--||--||--
!style="background:#ccffcc;" colspan=3|'''Names:'''
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1988–89||Tolyatti Torpedo||Rus-1||60||14||7||21||32||--||--||--||--||--
|-
|-
| 1989–90||[[CSKA Moscow]]||[[Russian Super League|Russia]]||48||13||4||17||30||--||--||--||--||--
|<small>[[Japanese name]]:</small> ||Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga<br/>({{lang|ja|支倉六右衛門常長}})
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1990–91||CSKA Moscow||Russia||46||14||9||23||32||--||--||--||--||--
|-
|-
| 1991–92||CSKA Moscow||Russia||28||12||9||21||18||--||--||--||--||--
|<small>[[Christian name]]:</small> || Don Felipe Francisco Hasekura
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1992–93 AHL season|1992–93]]||[[Hershey Bears]]||[[American Hockey League|AHL]]||24||8||10||18||51||--||--||--||--||--
|-
|-
| ALIGN="right" | [[1992–93 NHL season|1992–93]]||[[Philadelphia Flyers]]||[[National Hockey League|NHL]]||52||2||14||16||61||--||--||--||--||--
!style="background:#ccffcc;" colspan=3|'''Retainer of:'''
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| ALIGN="right" | 1992–93||CSKA Moscow||Russia||5||3||4||7||6||--||--||--||--||--
|-
|-
| [[1993–94 NHL season|1993–94]]||[[Philadelphia Flyers]]||NHL||47||12||9||21||58||--||--||--||--||--
|<small>[[Overlord]]:</small> || [[Date Masamune]]
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| ALIGN="right" | 1993–94||[[San Jose Sharks]]||NHL||12||0||2||2||10||--||--||--||--||--
|-
|-
| 1994–95||[[Kansas City Blades]]||[[International Hockey League (1945–2001)|IHL]]||13||4||3||7||12||3||0||0||0||2
|<small>[[Fief]]:</small> || [[Sendai Domain]] ({{lang|ja|仙台藩}})<br/>(Northeastern Japan)
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| ALIGN="right" | [[1994–95 NHL season|1994–95]]||San Jose Sharks||NHL||6||2||0||2||0||--||--||--||--||--
|-
|ALIGN="right" | 1994–95||[[Lada Togliatti]]||Russia||9||2||6||8||6||--||--||--||--||--
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1995–96 AHL season|1995–96]]||[[Baltimore Bandits]]||AHL||62||23||42||65||70||12||4||8||12||28
|-
| ALIGN="right" | [[1995–96 NHL season|1995–96]]||[[Mighty Ducks of Anaheim]]||NHL||7||1||0||1||0||--||--||--||--||--
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1996–97||[[Farjestads BK Karlstad]]||[[Swedish Elite League|SEL]]||40||6||7||13||108||8||3||4||7||41
|-
| 1997–98||[[Fort Wayne Komets]]||IHL||76||36||51||87||128||4||2||2||4||4
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1998–99||Fort Wayne Komets||IHL||71||28||44||72||123||2||1||0||1||4
|-
| ALIGN="right" | [[1998–99 NHL season|1998–99]]||[[Florida Panthers]]||NHL||1||0||0||0||2||--||--||--||--||--
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| ALIGN="right" | 1998–99||[[Ottawa Senators]]||NHL||2||0||1||1||2||--||--||--||--||--
|-
| 1999–00||[[Grand Rapids Griffins]]||IHL||68||28||35||63||85||17||4||12||16||24
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| ALIGN="right" | [[1999–00 NHL season|1999–00]]||[[Tampa Bay Lightning]]||NHL||2||0||0||0||0||--||--||--||--||--
|-
| ALIGN="right" | 1999–00||Ottawa Senators||NHL||3||0||0||0||0||--||--||--||--||--
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 2000–01||Grand Rapids Griffins||IHL||75||33||35||68||65||10||1||5||6||18
|-
| 2001–02||[[Lokomotiv Yaroslavl]]||Russia||27||8||16||24||22||--||--||--||--||--
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 2002–03||Lokomotiv Yaraslavl||Russia||43||14||15||29||34||9||3||6||9||10
|-
| 2003–04||Lokomotiv Yaroslavl||Russia||54||9||6||15||58||3||1||0||1||2
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 2004–05||Cherepovets Severstal||Russia||31||3||6||9||22||--||--||--||--||--
|-
| ALIGN="right" | 2004–05||CSKA Moscow||Russia||23||4||7||11||10||--||--||--||--||--
|-bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 2005–06||Tver MVD HC||Russia||49||11||14||25||68||--||--||--||--||--
|-
| 2006–07||Dmitrov HC||Rus-1||19||3||7||10||26||--||--||--||--||--
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
| ||'''NHL Totals'''||||'''132'''||'''17'''||'''26'''||'''43'''||'''133'''||'''--'''||'''--||'''--'''||'''--'''||'''--'''
|-
|
|}
|}
[[Image:Hasekura Travels.jpg|thumb|270px|Itinerary and dates of the travels of Hasekura Tsunenaga]]

'''Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga''' (1571 &ndash; 1622) ({{lang-ja|支倉六右衛門常長}}, also spelled '''Faxecura Rocuyemon''' in period European sources, reflecting the contemporary pronunciation of Japanese)<ref>In the Japanese of the era, the sound now transcribed as ''h'' was pronounced as an ''f'' before all vowels, not just ''u''. Likewise ''s'' was sometimes pronounced ''sh'' before /e/, not only before /i/, and the syllable [[we (kana)|ゑ]] (now read as ''e''), was pronounced ''ye''. On the other hand, the use of ''x'' to represent the ''sh'' sound is specific to the older pronunciations of Spanish and Portuguese.</ref> was a [[Japanese people|Japanese]] [[samurai]] and retainer of [[Date Masamune]], the [[daimyo]] of [[Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai]].

In the years 1613 through 1620, Hasekura headed a diplomatic mission to the [[Holy See|Vatican]] in Rome, traveling through [[New Spain]] (arriving in [[Acapulco]] and departing from [[Veracruz]]) and visiting various ports-of-call in [[Europe]]. This historic mission is called the ''[[Keichō]]'' Embassy, {{lang|ja|慶長使節}}).<ref>In the name "''[[Keichō]]'' Embassy," the noun "''Keichō''" refers to the ''[[nengō]]'' ([[Japanese era name]]) after "''[[Bunroku]]''" and before "''[[Genna]]''." In other words, the ''Keichō'' Embassy commenced during ''Keichō'', which was a time period spanning the years from 1596 through 1615.</ref> On the return trip, Hasekura and his companions re-traced their route across Mexico in 1619, sailing from Acapulco for Manilla, and then sailing north to Japan in 1620.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/mexico/index.html Japan-Mexico Relations''.]</ref> He is conventionally considered the first Japanese ambassador in the [[Americas]] and in Europe.<ref>The ''Keichō'' Embassy was, in fact, preceded by a [[Sengoku period]] mission headed by [[Mancio Ito]] with [[Alessandro Valignano]] in 1582–1590. Although less well-known and less well-documented, this historic mission is sometimes referred to as the "''[[Tenshō (Momoyama period)|]]'' Embassy" because it was initiated in the ''Tenshō'' era. This venture was organized by three ''[[daimyo]]'' of Western Japan -- [[Omura Sumitada]], [[Otomo Sorin]] and [[Arima Harunobu]].</ref>

Although Hasekura's embassy was cordially received in Europe, it happened at a time when Japan was moving toward the [[Kirishitan|suppression of Christianity]]. European monarchs such as the [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]] thus refused the trade agreements Hasekura had been seeking. Hasekura returned to Japan in 1620 and died of illness a year later, his embassy seemingly ending with few results in an increasingly isolationist Japan.

Japan's next embassy to Europe would only occur more than 200 years later, following [[sakoku|two centuries of isolation]], with the "[[First Japanese Embassy to Europe]]" in 1862.

==Early life==
Little is known of the early life of Hasekura Tsunenaga. He was a mid-level noble samurai in the [[Sendai Domain]] in northern Japan, who had the opportunity to directly serve the [[daimyo]] [[Date Masamune]]. They were of roughly the same age, and it is recorded that several important missions were given to Tsunenaga as his representative.

[[Image:HasekuraBlason.jpg|thumb|300px|Hasekura had an official [[coat of arms]], consisting of a [[Swastika#Buddhism|Buddhist swastika]] crossed by two arrows, within a shield and surmounted by a crown, on an orange background. It is depicted in Deruet's painting, the Roman citizenship certificate (top left), various engravings (middle), and was used as the flag on his ship (right).]]
It is also recorded that Hasekura served as [[samurai]] of the [[Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea|Japanese invasion of Korea]] under the [[Sessho and Kampaku|Taiko]] [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], during six months in 1597.

In 1612, Hasekura's father, Hasekura Tsunenari ({{lang|ja|支倉常成}}), was indicted for corruption, and he was put to death in 1613. His fief was confiscated, and his son should normally have been executed as well. Date however gave him the opportunity to redeem his honour by placing him in charge of the Embassy to Europe, and soon gave him back his territories as well.

==Background: early contacts between Japan and Spain==
The [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] started [[Pacific Ocean|trans-Pacific]] voyages between New Spain (Mexico) and the [[Philippines]] in 1565. The famous [[Manila galleon]]s carried [[silver]] from Mexican mines westward to the [[entrepôt]] of [[Manila]] in the Spanish possession of the Philippines. There, the silver was used to purchase spices and trade goods gathered from throughout [[Asia]], including (until 1638) goods from [[Japan]]. The return route of the Manila galleons, first charted by the [[Basque people|Basque]] navigator [[Andrés de Urdaneta]], took the ships northeast into the [[Kuroshio Current]] (also known as the Japan Current) off the coast of Japan, and then across the Pacific to the [[History of the west coast of North America|west coast of North America]], landing eventually in [[Acapulco]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Hayes | first = Derek | title = Historical atlas of the North Pacific Ocean: maps of discovery and scientific exploration, 1500–2000 | publisher = Sasquatch Books | year = 2001 | location = Seattle, WA | pages = pp. 17–19 }} </ref>

Spanish ships were periodically shipwrecked on the coasts of Japan due to bad weather, initiating contacts with the country. The Spanish wished to expand the [[Christianity|Christian]] faith in Japan. Efforts to expand influence in Japan were met by stiff resistance from the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]], who had started the [[evangelism|evangelizing]] of the country in 1549, as well as the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] and the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] who did not wish to see Spain participate in Japanese [[trade]]. However, some Japanese, such as [[Christopher and Cosmas]], are known to have crossed the Pacific onboard Spanish [[galleon]]s as early as 1587. It is known that gifts were exchanged between the governor of the Philippines and [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], who thanks him in a 1597 letter, writing "The black elephant in particular I found most unusual."<ref>[http://www.kufs.ac.jp/toshokan/50/zos.htm Source]</ref>

In 1609, the Spanish Manila galleon ''San Francisco'' encountered bad weather on its way from Manila to Acapulco, and was wrecked on the Japanese coast in [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], near [[Tokyo]]. The sailors were rescued and welcomed, and the ship's captain, [[Rodrigo de Vivero]], former interim governor of the Philippines, met with the retired shogun [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]. Rodrigo de Vivero drafted a treaty, signed on 29 November 1609, whereby the Spaniards could establish a [[factory]] in eastern Japan, [[mining]] specialists would be imported from New Spain, Spanish ships would be allowed to visit Japan in case of necessity, and a Japanese embassy would be sent to the Spanish court.

==First Japanese expeditions to the Americas==
====1610 ''San Buena Ventura''====
[[Image:LiefdeAlone.jpg|thumb|200px|The Japanese ship ''San Buena Ventura'' was built on the model of ''Liefde'' (depicted here), the ship on which [[William Adams (sailor)|William Adams]] originally reached Japan.]]
A [[Franciscan]] monk named [[Luis Sotelo]], who was [[proselytism|proselytizing]] in the area of Tokyo, convinced [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] and his son [[Tokugawa Hidetada]] to send him as a representative to New Spain (Mexico) on one of their ships, in order to advance the trade treaty. Rodrigo de Vivero offered to sail on the Japanese ship in order to guarantee the safety of their reception in New Spain, but insisted that another Franciscan, named Alonso Muños, be sent instead as the Shogun's representative. In 1610, the returning Rodrigo de Vivero, several Spanish sailors, the Franciscan father, and 22 Japanese representatives led by the trader [[Tanaka Shosuke]], sailed to Mexico aboard the [[Japanese warship San Buena Ventura|''San Buena Ventura'']], a ship built by the English adventurer [[William Adams (sailor)|William Adams]] for the Shogun. Once in New Spain, Alonso Muños met with the Viceroy [[Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas|Luis de Velasco]], who agreed to send an [[ambassador]] to Japan in the person of the famous explorer [[Sebastian Vizcaino]], with the added mission of exploring the "Gold and silver islands" ("{{lang|es|Isla de Plata}}") that were thought to be east of the Japanese isles.

Vizcaino arrived in Japan in 1611, and had many meetings with the Shogun and feudal lords. These encounters were tainted by his poor respect for Japanese customs, the mounting resistance of the Japanese towards [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] proselytism, and the intrigues of the Dutch against Spanish ambitions. Vizcaino finally left to search for the "Silver island", during which search he encountered bad weather, forcing him to return to Japan with heavy damage.

==1612 ''San Sebastian''==
Without waiting for Vizcaino, another ship &ndash; built in [[Izu]] by the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Bakufu]] under the [[Naval history of Japan|minister of the Navy]] [[Mukai Shogen]], and named ''San Sebastian'' &ndash; left for Mexico on 9 September 1612 with Luis Sotelo onboard as well as two representatives of Date Masamune, with the objective of advancing the trade agreement with New Spain. However, the ship foundered a few miles from [[Uraga]], and the expedition had to be abandoned.

==The 1613 embassy project==
[[Image:Sanjuanbautista.jpg|230px|thumb|A replica of the Japanese-built [[galleon]] [[Japanese warship San Juan Bautista|''San Juan Bautista'']], in [[Ishinomaki, Miyagi|Ishinomaki]], [[Japan]]]]
The Shogun decided to build a new galleon in Japan in order to bring Vizcaino back to Nueva España, together with a Japanese embassy accompanied by [[Luis Sotelo]]. The galleon, named ''Date Maru'' by the Japanese and later [[Japanese warship San Juan Bautista|''San Juan Bautista'']] by the Spanish, took 45 days work in building, with the participation of technical experts from the Bakufu (the Minister of the Navy [[Mukai Shogen]], an acquaintance of [[William Adams (sailor)|William Adams]] with whom he built several ships, dispatched his Chief Carpenter), 800 [[shipwright]]s, 700 [[smith (metalwork)|smith]]s, and 3,000 [[carpenter]]s. The daimyo of [[Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai]], [[Date Masamune]], was put in charge of the project. He named one of his retainers, Hasekura Tsunenaga (his fief was rated at around 600 [[koku]]), to lead the mission:
:"The Great Ship left [[Ishinomaki, Miyagi|Toshima-Tsukinoura]] for the Southern Barbarians on September 15th [Japanese calendar], with at its head Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga, and those called Imaizumi Sakan, Matsuki Shusaku, Nishi Kyusuke, Tanaka Taroemon, Naito Hanjuro, Sonohoka Kyuemon, Kuranojo, Tonomo, Kitsunai, Kyuji, as well as several others under Rokuemon, as well as 40 [[Nanban|Southern Barbarians]], 10 men of [[Mukai Shogen]], and also tradespeople, to a total 180" (Records of the Date House, Keichō-Genna {{lang|ja|伊達家慶長元和留控}}, Gonoi p. 56).
The objective of the Japanese embassy was both to discuss trade agreements with the Spanish crown in [[Madrid]], and to meet with the [[Pope Paul V|Pope]] in [[Rome]]. Date Masamune displayed a great will to welcome the Catholic religion in his domain: he invited Luis Sotelo and authorized the propagation of Christianity in 1611. In his letter to the Pope, brought by Hasekura, he wrote: "I'll offer my land for a base of your missionary work. Send us as many padres as possible."
Sotelo, in his own account of the travels, emphasizes the religious dimension of the mission, claiming that the main objective was to spread the Christian faith in northern Japan:
[[Image:HasekuraWithShipDetail.jpg|thumb|322px|The ''San Juan Bautista'' is represented in Deruet's painting as a galleon with Hasekura's flag (red swastika on orange background), on the top mast (right: detail of the ship).]]
:"I was formerly dispatched as ambassador of Idate Masamune, who holds the reins of the kingdom of Oxu [Japanese:{{lang|ja|奥州}}] (which is in the Eastern part of Japan) —who, while he has not yet been reborn through [[baptism]], ''has'' been [[catechism|catechized]], and was desirous that the Christian faith should be preached in his kingdom—together with another noble of his Court, Philippus Franciscus Faxecura Rocuyemon, to the Roman Senate<!--This is the Roman city council, not the ancient Senate--> & to the one who at that time was in charge of the Apostolic See, His Holiness Pope Paul V." (Luis Sotelo ''De Ecclesiae Iaponicae Statu Relatio'', 1634).<ref>{{lang|la|''Nempe fuisse me quondam Idate Masamune, qui regni Oxu (quod est in Orientali Iaponiæ parte) gubernacula tenet, nec dum quidem per baptismum regenerato, sed tamen Catechumeno, & qui Christianam fidem in suo regno prædicari cupiebat, simul cum alio suæ Curiæ optimate Philippo Francisco Faxecura Retuyemon ''}}[sic]{{{{lang|la|'' ad Romanam Curiam & qui tunc Apostolicæ sedis culmen tenebat SS. Papam Paulum V. qui ad cœlos evolavit, Legatum expeditum.''}} ([http://wwwopac.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/cgi-bin/limedio/limewwwopac/page?sessionId=20060301.0007;sessionSeq=3475;sessionLang=eng;sessionCode=jis;bookid=697422;tocid=0;pageseq=3;sessionId=20060301.0007 p. 1])</ref>
The embassy was probably, at that time, part of a plan to diversify and increase trade with foreign countries, before the participation of Christians in the [[Siege of Osaka|Osaka rebellion]] triggered a radical reaction from the Shogunate, with the interdiction of Christianity in the territories it directly controlled, in 1614.

==Trans-Pacific voyage==
Upon completion, the ship left on 28 October 1613 for Acapulco with around 180 people on board, including 10 samurai of the Shogun (provided by the Minister of the Navy [[Mukai Shogen Tadakatsu]]), 12 samurai from Sendai, 120 Japanese merchants, sailors, and servants, and around 40 Spaniards and Portuguese, including Sebastian Vizcaino who, in his own words, only had the quality of a passenger.<ref>Sebastian Vizcaino "Account of the search for the gold and silver islands", quoted by Gonoi</ref>

===New Spain (Acapulco)===
[[Image:JLNYCAcapulcoBay.jpg|thumb|The bay of [[Acapulco]], where Hasekura Tsunenaga landed]]
[[Image:NicolasCardona1632.jpg|thumb|[[Nicolas de Cardona]], in his 1632 edition of "World Exploration", published this view of the bay and city of [[Acapulco]], mentioning the presence of "a ship from Japan" (letter "D"), probably the ''San Juan Bautista'' (Gonoi, p53). Cardona was in Acapulco between end of 1614 and 21 March 1615. The full legend reads:<br/>
A. The ships of the expedition.<br/>
B. The castle of San Diego.<br/>
C. The town.<br/>
D. A ship that has come from Japan.<br/>
E. Los Manzanillos.<br/>
F. El Grifo.<ref>Cardona "Geographic Descriptions", by Michael Mathes, ISBN 0-87093-235-7 p75</ref>]]
The ship first reached [[Cape Mendocino]] in today's [[California]], and then continued along the coast to arrive in [[Acapulco]] on 25 January 1614 after three months at sea. The Japanese were received with great ceremony, but had to wait in Acapulco until orders were received regarding how to organize the rest of their travels.

Fights erupted between the Japanese and the Spaniards, especially Vizcaino, apparently due to some disputes on the handling of presents from the Japanese ruler. A contemporary journal, written by the historian [[Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin]], a noble Aztec born in [[Amecameca]] (ancient Chalco province) in 1579, whose formal name was Domingo Francisco de San Anton Muñon, relates Vizcaino was seriously wounded in the fight:
:"Senor Vizcaino is still coming slowly, coming hurt; the Japanese injured him when they beat and stabbed him in Acapulco, as became known here in Mexico, because of all the things coming along that had been made his responsibility in Japan"<ref>"Annals of his time", p275</ref>

Following these fights, orders were promulgated on March 4th and March 5th to bring peace back. The orders explained that:
:"The Japanese should not be submitted to attacks in this Land, but they should remit their weapons until their departure, except for Hasekura Tsunenaga and eight of his retinue... The Japanese will be free to go where they want, and should be treated properly. They should not be abused in words or actions. They will be free to sell their goods. These orders have been promulgated to the Spanish, the Indians, the [[Mulatto]]s, the [[Mestizo]]s, and the Blacks, and those who don't respect them will be punished".<ref>"5th document", quoted from "Hasekura Tsunanaga", Gonoi, p77</ref>

===New Spain (Mexico)===
The embassy remained two months in Acapulco and entered [[Mexico City]] on 24 March,<ref>"Annals of his time", p275</ref> where it was received with great ceremony. The ultimate mission for the embassy was to go on to Europe. The embassy spent some time in Mexico, and then went to [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]] to board the fleet of Don Antonio Oquendo.

Chimalpahin gives some account of the visit of Hasekura.

:"This is the second time that the Japanese have landed one of their ships on the shore at Acapulco. They are transporting here all things of iron, and writing desks, and some cloth that they are to sell here." (Chimalpahin, "Annals of His Time").<ref>Chimalpahin "Annals of his time", 4th March 1614, p275</ref>
:"It became known here in Mexico and was said that the reason their ruler the Emperor of Japan sent this said lordly emissary and ambassador here, is to go in Rome to see the Holy Father Paul V, and to give him their obedience concerning the holy church, so that all the Japanase want to become Christians" (Chimalpahin, "Annals of His Time").<ref>Chimalpahin "Annals of his time", 24th March 1614, p275</ref>

[[Image:Oldmexicocity.jpg|thumb|[[Mexico City]] around the time of Hasekura's visit. 1628 painting.]]
Hasekura was settled in a house next to the [[Church of San Francisco, Mexico City|Church of San Francisco]], and met with the Viceroy. He explained to him that he was also planning to meet [[Philip III of Spain|King Philip III]] to offer him peace and to obtain that the Japanese could come to Mexico for trade. On Wednesday 9 April, 20 Japanese were baptized, and 22 more on 20 April by the archbishop in Mexico, don [[Juan Pérez de la Serna]], at the Church of San Francisco.<ref>[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/art-17637 Image of the church]</ref> Altogether 63 of them received [[confirmation (Christian sacrament)|confirmation]] on 25 April. Hasekura waited for his travel to Europe to be baptized there:
:"But the lordly emissary, the ambassador, did not want to be baptized here; it was said that he will be baptized later in Spain" (Chimalpahin, "Annals of His Time").<ref>Chimalpahin "Annals of his time", 9th April 1614, p277</ref>

====Departure for Europe====
Chimalpahin explains that Hasekura left some of his compatriots behind before leaving for Europe:

:"The Ambassador of Japan set out and left for Spain. In going he divided his vassals; he took a certain number of Japanese, and he left an equal number here as merchants to trade and sell things." (Chimalpahin, "Annals of His Time").<ref>Chimalpahin "Annals of his time", 29th May 1614, p283</ref>

The fleet left for Europe on the ''San Jose'' on 10 June. Hasekura had to leave the largest parts of the Japanese group behind, who were to wait in Acapulco for the return of the embassy.

Some of them, as well as those from the previous travel of [[Tanaka Shosuke]], returned to Japan the same year, sailing back with the ''San Juan Bautista'':
:"Today, Tuesday the 14th of the month of October of the year 1614, was when some Japanese set out from Mexico here going home to Japan.; they lived here in Mexico for four years. Some still remained here; they earn a living trading and selling here the goods they brought with them from Japan." (Chimalpahin, "Annals of His Time").<ref>Chimalpahin "Annals of his time", 14th October 1614, p291</ref>

===Cuba===
The embassy stopped and changed ships in [[Havana]] in [[Cuba]] in July 1614. A bronze statue was erected on 26 April 2001 at the head of Havana Bay.<ref>[http://granmai.cubaweb.com/ingles/abri4/17japone-i.html Source]</ref>

==Mission to Europe==
===Spain===
[[Image:HasekuraPrayer.jpg|thumb|170px|Hasekura in prayer, following his conversion in Madrid in 1615]]
The fleet arrived in [[Sanlucar de Barrameda]] on 5 October 1614.

:"The fleet arrived safely finally, after some dangers and storms, to the port of Sanlúcar de Barrameda on the 5th of October, where the Duke of Medina Sidonia was advised of the arrival. He sent carriages to honor them and accommodate the Ambassador and his gentlemen" (Scipione Amati "History of the Kingdom of Voxu").<ref>{{lang|es|"Se llegó por fin a salvo, después de algunos peligros y tempestades al puerto de Sanlúcar de Barrameda el 5 de Octubre, donde residiendo el Duque de Medina Sidonia y avisado del arribo, envió carrozas para honrarlos, recibirlos y acomodar en ellas al Embajador y a sus gentiles hombres, habiéndoles preparado un suntuoso alojamiento; y después de haber cumplido con esta obligación como correspondía, y de regalarlos con toda liberalidad, a instancias de la ciudad de Sevilla hizo armar dos galeras, las cuales llevaron a los embajadores a CORIA, donde fueron hospedados por orden de la dicha Ciudad por Don Pedro Galindo, veinticuatro, el cual se ocupó con gran diligencia en tener satisfecho el ánimo del Embajador con todos los placeres y regalos posibles, procurando este entretanto que preparasen ropas nuevas a su séquito y ayudantes para resplandecer con más decoro y pompa a la entrada en Sevilla. Mientras se resolvía esta cuestión, la Ciudad determinó enviar a Coria a Don Diego de Cabrera, hermano del padre Sotelo, a Don Bartolomé López de Mesa, del hábito de Calatraba, a Don Bernardo de Ribera, a Don Pedro Galindo y a multitud de jurados y otros caballeros para que en su nombre besaran la mano al Embajador y lo felicitaron por su llegada a salvo. Sobre esto, quedó el Embajador contentísimo, agradeció mucho a la Ciudad que por su generosidad se complacía en honrarle, y departió con los dichos caballeros mostrando mucha prudencia en su trato". "A veintiuno de Octubre del dicho año la Ciudad hizo otra demostración de la mayor cortesía para el recibimiento del Embajador y del Padre Sotelo mandando carrozas, cabalgaduras y gran número de caballeros y de nobles que lo escoltaron formando una cabalgata de gran solemnidad. Saliendo el Embajador de Coria, vio con sumo placer el honor que se le había preparado, la pompa de los caballeros y la gran cantidad de gente que lo acompañó durante su camino hacia Sevilla". "Cerca de Triana y antes de cruzar el puente, se multiplicó de tal manera el número de carrozas, caballos y gentes de todo género, que no bastaba la diligencia de dos alguaciles y de otros ministros de la justicia para poder atravesarlo. Finalmente compareció el Conde de Salvatierra. Asistente de la Ciudad, con gran número de titulados y con los restantes veinticuatro y caballeros; y el embajador desmontando de la carroza, montó a caballo con el Capitán de su guardia y Caballerizo, vestido sobriamente, a la usanza del Japón, y mostrando al Asistente lo obligado que quedaba de la mucha cortesía y honores que la Ciudad se servía de usar con él, fue puesto en medio del dicho Asistente y Alguaciles Mayores y prosiguiéndose la cabalgata con increíble aplauso y contento de la gente, por la Puerta de Triana se dirigieron al Alcalzar Real."}} (Scipione Amati, "Historia del regno di Voxu", 1615)</ref>

:"The Japanese ambassador Hasekura Rokuemon, sent by Joate Masamune, king of Boju, entered [[Seville]] on Wednesday, 23 October 1614. He was accompanied by 30 Japanese with blades, their captain of the guard, and 12 bowmen and halberdiers with painted lances and blades of ceremony. The captain of the guard was Christian and was called Don Thomas, the son of a Japanese martyr" (Library Capitular Calombina 84-7-19 Memorias..., fol.195).<ref>"{{lang|es|Miércoles 23 de octubre de 1614 años entró en Sevilla el embaxador Japon Faxera Recuremon, embiado de Joate Masamune, rey de Boju. Traía treinta hombres japones con cuchillas, con su capitán de la guardia, y doce flecheros y alabarderos con lanças pintadas y sus cuchillas de abara. El capitán era christiano y se llamaba don Thomas, y era hijo de un mártyr Japón. Venía a dar la obediencia a Su Santidad por su rey y reyno, que se avía baptizado. Todos traían rosarios al cuello; y él venía a recibir el baptismo de mano de Su Santidad. Venía en su compañía fray Luis Sotelo, natural de Sevilla, religioso de San Francisco recoleto. Salieron a Coria a recebirlo por la Ciudad, el veinticuatro don Bartolomé Lopez de Mesa, y el veinticuatro don Pedro Galindo; y junto a la puente los recibió la Ciudad. Entró por la puerta de Triana, y fué al Alcázar, donde la Ciudad lo hospedó, y hizo la costa mientras estubo en Sevilla. Vido la Ciudad, y subió a la Torre. Lunes 27 de octubre de dicho año por la tarde, el dicho embaxador, con el dicho padre fray Luis Sotelo, entró en la Ciudad con el presente de su rey con toda la guardia, todos a caballo desde la puente. Dió su embaxada sentado al lado del asistente en su lengua, que interpretó el padre fray Luis Sotelo, y una carta de su rey, y una espada a su usanza, que se puso en el archibo de la Ciudad. Esta espada se conservó hasta la revolución del 68 que la chusma la robó. La embaxada para su magestad el rey don Felipe Tercero, nuestro señor, no trataba de religión, sino de amistad.}}(Biblioteca Capitular Calombina 84-7-19 .Memorias..., fol.195)" </ref>

[[Image:Historic Letter from the Japanese Embassy to Spain.JPG|thumb|left|201px|Historic letter from the first Japanese embassy to Spain, kept at [[Seville]] Town Hall]]
The Japanese embassy met with King [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] in [[Madrid]] on 30 January 1615. Hasekura remitted to the King a letter from Date Masamune, as well as offer for a [[treaty]]. The King responded that he would do what he could to accommodate these requests.

Hasekura was baptized on 17 February by the king's personal [[chaplain]], and renamed ''Felipe Francisco Hasekura''. The baptism ceremony was to have been conducted by the [[Archbishop of Toledo]], though he was too ill to actually carry this out, and the [[Duke of Lerma]] &ndash; the main administrator of Phillip III's rule and the de facto ruler of Spain &ndash; was designated as Hasekura's [[godparent|godfather]].

The embassy stayed eight months in Spain before leaving the country for Italy.

===France===
[[Image:HasekuraAmati.jpg|thumb|200px|Depiction of Hasekura's visit in the 17th century German edition of Scipione Amati's 1615 book on the "History of the Kingdom of Voxu". Hasekura's blason in the top right corner.]]
After traveling across Spain, the embassy sailed on the [[Mediterranean Sea]] aboard three Spanish [[frigate]]s towards [[Italy]]. Due to bad weather, they had to stay for a few days in the [[France|French]] harbour of [[Saint-Tropez]], where they were received by the local nobility, and made quite a sensation on the populace.

The visit of the Japanese Embassy is recorded in the city's chronicles as led by "Philip Francis Faxicura, Ambassador to the Pope, from Date Masamunni, King of [[Mutsu Province|Woxu]] in Japan".

Many picturesque details of their movements were recorded:
:"They never touch food with their fingers, but instead use [[chopsticks|two small sticks]] that they hold with three fingers."
:"They blow their noses in soft silky papers the size of a hand, which they never use twice, so that they throw them on the ground after usage, and they were delighted to see our people around them precipitate themselves to pick them up."
:"Their [[katana|swords]] cut so well that they can cut a soft paper just by putting it on the edge and by blowing on it."
:("Relations of Mme de St Troppez", October 1615, Bibliotheque Inguimbertine, Carpentras).<ref>Extracts from the Old French original:
*"{{lang|fr|Il y huit jours qu'il passa a St Troppez un grand seigneur Indien, nomme Don Felipe Fransceco Faxicura, Ambassadeur vers le Pape, de la part de Idate Massamuni Roy de Woxu au Jappon, feudataire du grand Roy du Japon et de Meaco. Il avoit plus de trente personnes a sa suite, et entre autre, sept autres pages tous fort bien vetus et tous camuz, en sorte qu'ilz sembloyent presque tous freres. Ils avaient trois fregates fort lestes, lesuqelles portoient tout son attirail. Ils ont la teste rase, execpte une petite bordure sur le derrier faisant une flotte de cheveux sur la cime de la teste retroussee, et nouee a la Chinoise....}}".
*"{{lang|fr|...Ilz se mouchent dans des mouchoirs de papier de soye de Chine, de la grandeur de la main a peu prez, et ne se servent jamais deux fois d'un mouchoir, de sorte que toutes les fois qu'ilz ne mouchoyent, ils jestoyent leurs papiers par terre, et avoyent le plaisir de les voir ramasser a ceux de deca qui les alloyent voir, ou il y avoit grande presse du peuple qui s'entre batoit pour un ramasser principallement de ceux de l'Ambassadeur qui estoyent hystoriez par les bordz, comme les plus riches poulletz des dames de la Cour. Ils en portient quantite dans leur seign, et ils ont apporte provision suffisante pour ce long voyage, qu'ilz sont venus faire du deca....}}".
*"{{lang|fr|... Le ses epees et dagues sont faictes en fasson de simmetterre tres peu courbe, et de moyenne longueur et sont sy fort tranchantz que y mettant un feuillet de papier et soufflant ilz couppent le papier, et encore de leur papier quy est beaucoup plus deslie que le notre et est faict de soye sur lesquels ils escrivent avec un pinceau.}}".
*"{{lang|fr|... Quand ilz mangeoient ils ne touchent jamais leur chair sinon avec deux petits batons qu'ils tiennent avec trois doigts.}}" (Marcouin, Francis and Keiko Omoto. Quand le Japon s'ouvrit au monde. Paris: Découvertes Gallimard, 1990. ISBN 2-07-053118-X. Pages 114–116)</ref>

The visit of Hasekura Tsunenaga to Saint-Tropez in 1615 is the first recorded instance of [[Franco-Japanese relations]].

===Italy===
[[Image:San Juan Batista.jpg|thumb|center|550px|Hasekura's embassy to the [[Pope Paul V|Pope]] in [[Rome]] in 1615. Japanese painting, 17th century.]]
<div></div>
[[Image:DateMasammuneToPope.jpg|thumb|130px|Letter in Latin, from Date Masamune to the Pope, 1613, kept at the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]]]
The Japanese Embassy went on to Italy where they were able to meet with [[Pope Paul V]] in [[Rome]] in November 1615, the same year [[Galileo Galilei]] was first confronted by the [[Roman Inquisition]] regarding his findings against [[geocentricism]]. Hasekura remitted to the Pope two [[gilding|gilded]] letters, one in Japanese and one in [[Latin]], containing a request for a trade treaty between Japan and Mexico and the dispatch of Christian missionaries to Japan. These letters are still visible in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] archives. The Latin letter, probably written by Luis Sotelo for Date Masamune, reads, in part:

:Kissing the Holy feet of the Great, Universal, Most Holy Lord of The Entire World, Pope Paul, in profound submission and reverence, I, Idate Masamune, King of Wôshû in the Empire of Japan, suppliantly say:
:The Franciscan Padre Luis Sotelo came to our country to spread the faith of God. On that occasion, I learnt about this faith and desired to become a Christian, but I still haven't accomplished this desire due to some small issues. However, in order to encourage my subjects to become Christians, I wish that you send missionaries of the Franciscan church. I guarantee that you will be able to build a church and that your missionaries will be protected. I also wish that you select and send a bishop as well. Because of that, I have sent one of my samurai, Hasekura Rokuemon, as my representative to accompany Luis Sotelo across the seas to Rome, to give you a stamp of obedience and to kiss your feet. Further, as our country and Nueva España are neighbouring countries, could you intervene so that we can discuss with the King of Spain, for the benefit of dispatching missionaries across the seas." Translation of the Latin letter of Date Masamune to the Pope.<ref>Body of the text translated from Gonoi quote, p152. Translation of the salutation was done separately. The original Latin of the introduction is as follows:
[[Image:DateLetterTitle.jpg|right|200px|Letter title]]
{{lang|la|2=<br/>MAGNI ET UNIVERSALIS {{abbr|SISQ3|Sanctissimique}} {{lang|en|2=[{{lang|la|SISQ3}} = {{lang|la|Sanctissimique}}]}}<br/>totius Orbis Patris Domini Pape Pauli {{abbr|s.}} pedes cum profunda summisse et reuerentia {{lang|en|2=[{{lang|la|2={{abbr|s.}}}} prob. = {{lang|la|sanctos}}, {{lang|la|2={{abbr|summisse}}}} prob. = {{lang|la|summissione}}]}}<br/> osculando ydate masamune * Imperio Japonico Rex voxu suppliciter dicimus.}}</ref>

[[Image:HasekuraRomanCitizenship.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Title of Roman Citizenship dedicated to "Hasekura Rokuemon" (click image for transcription and translation)]]
The Pope agreed to the dispatch of missionaries, but left the decision for trade to the King of Spain.

The Roman Senate<!--This is the Roman city council, not the ancient Senate--> also gave to Hasekura the honorary title of Roman Citizen, in a document he brought back to Japan, and which is preserved today in Sendai.

[[Image:HasekuraQirinale.jpg|thumb|200px|Hasekura conversing with the Franciscan [[Luis Sotelo]], surrounded by other members of the embassy, in a fresco showing the "glory of [[Pope Paul V]]". Sala Regia, [[Quirinal Palace]], Rome, 1615.]]
Sotelo also described the visit to the Pope, book {{lang|la|''De ecclesiae Iaponicae statu relatio''}}
(published posthumously in 1634):

:"When we got there by the aid of God in the Year of Our Salvation 1615, not only were we kindly received by His Holiness the great Pope, with the Holy [[College of Cardinals|College of the Cardinals]] and a gathering of bishops and nobles, and even the joy and general happiness of the Roman People, but we and three others (whom the Japanese Christians had specially designated to announce their condition with respect to the Christian religion) were heard, rested, and just as we were hoping, dispatched as quickly as possible." (Sotelo, {{lang|la|''De ecclesiae Iaponicae statu relatio''}}).<ref>{{lang|la|''Quo tandem cum anno Salutis 1615. iuvante deo pervenissemus, à SS. Papa magno cum Cardinalium Sacri Collegij Antistitum ac Nobilium concursu, nec non & Rom. populi ingenti lætitia & communi alacritate non modo benignè excepti, verùm & humanissimè tam nos quam etiã tres alij, quos Iaponii Christiani, quatenus eorum circa Christianam Religionem statum Apostolicis auribus intimarent, specialiter destinaverant, auditi, recreati, & prout optabamus, quantocyus expediti.''}} ([http://wwwopac.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/cgi-bin/limedio/limewwwopac/page?sessionId=20060301.0007;sessionSeq=3475;sessionLang=eng;sessionCode=jis;bookid=697422;tocid=0;pageseq=3;sessionId=20060301.0007 p. 1])</ref>

===Rumours of political intrigue===
Besides the official description of Hasekura's visit to Rome, some contemporary communications tend to indicate that political matters were also discussed, and that an alliance with Date Masamune was suggested as a way to establish Christian influence in the whole of Japan:
:"The Ambassador strongly insisted that the authority and power of his ruler was superior to that of many European countries" (Anonymous Roman communication, dated 10 October 1615)
:"The Franciscan Spanish fathers are explaining that the King of the Ambassador [Hasekura Tsunenaga] will soon become the supreme ruler of his country, and that, not only will they become Christians and follow the will of the church of Rome, but they will also in turn convert the rest of the population. This is why they are requesting the dispatch of a high eclesiastic together with the missionaries. Because of this, many people have been doubting the true purpose of the embassy, and are wondering if they are not looking for some other benefit." (Letter of the [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] ambassador, 7 November 1615).

===Second visit to Spain===
[[Image:SpainLetterDate.jpg|thumb|250px|Letter of the King of Spain to Date Masamune (1616). The letter is friendly and asks for the support of the Christian faith, but does not mention trade, in spite of Date Masamune's own request (draft, preserved in the Seville archives, [[Archivo General de Indias]]).]]
For the second time in Spain, Hasekura met again with the King, who declined to sign a trade agreement, on the ground that the Japanese Embassy did not appear to be an official embassy from the ruler of Japan [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], who, on the contrary, had promulgated an edict in January 1614 ordering the expulsion of all [[missionary|missionaries]] from Japan, and started the persecution of the Christian faith in Japan.

The embassy left [[Seville]] for Mexico in June 1617 after a period of two years spent in Europe, but some of the Japanese remained in Spain in a town near Seville ([[Coria del Río]]), where their descendants to this day still use the surname ''Japón''.

===Western publications on Hasekura's embassy===
The embassy of Hasekura Tsunenaga was the subject of numerous publications throughout Europe. The Italian writer Scipione Amati, who accompanied the embassy in 1615 and 1616, published in 1615 in Rome a book titled "History of the Kingdom of Voxu". This book was also translated in [[German language|German]] in 1617. In 1616, the French publisher [[Abraham Savgrain]] published an account of Hasekura's visit to Rome: "{{lang|fr|Récit de l'entrée solemnelle et remarquable faite à Rome, par Dom Philippe Francois Faxicura}}" ("Account of the solemn and remarquable entrance in Rome of Dom Philippe Francois Faxicura").
<gallery>
Image:HasekuraBookItalian.jpg|Amati's book "History of the Kingdom of Woxu", published in 1615.
Image:HasekuraBookGerman.jpg|German translation of Amati's account.
Image:Faxicura.jpg|Print depicting Hasekura, with legend in Latin.
</gallery>

===Return to Mexico===
Hasekura stayed for 5 months in Mexico on his way back to Japan. The ''[[Japanese warship San Juan Bautista|San Juan Bautista]]'' was waiting in Acapulco since 1616, after a second trip across the Pacific from Japan to Mexico. Captained by [[Yokozawa Shogen]], she was laden with fine pepper and [[lacquer]]ware from Kyoto, which were sold on the Mexican market. Following a request by the Spanish king, in order to avoid too much silver leaving to Japan, the Viceroy asked for the proceeds to be spent on Mexican goods, except for an amount of 12,000 [[Spanish dollar|pesos]] and 8,000 pesos in silver which Hasekura and Yokozawa could bring back with them respectively.

===Philippines===
In April 1618, the ''San Juan Bautista'' arrived in the [[Philippines]] from Mexico, with Hasekura and Luis Sotelo on board. The ship was acquired by the Spanish government there, with the objective of building up defenses against the attacks of the Dutch and the English. The [[bishop]] of the Philippines with the local Filipinos and native Tagalog in [[Manila]] described the deal to the king of Spain in a missive dated 28 July 1619:
[[Image:HasekuraLetterPhilippines.jpg|thumb|250px|Letter of Hasekura to his son, written during his stay in the Philippines, [[Sendai City Museum]]]]
:"The Governor was extremely friendly with the Japanese, and provided them with his protection. As they had many expensive things to buy, they decided to lend their ship. The ship was immediately furbished for combat. The Governor eventually bought the ship, because it turned out that it was of excellent and sturdy construction, and available ships were dramatically few. In favour of your Majesty, the price paid was reasonable." (Document 243)

During his stay in the Philippines with local Filipinos and Native Tagalog, Hasekura purchased numerous goods for Date Masamune, and built a ship, as he explained in a letter he wrote to his son. He finally returned to Japan in August 1620, reaching the harbour of Nagasaki.

==Return to Japan==
By the time Hasekura came back, Japan had changed quite drastically: an effort to eradicate Christianity had been under way since 1614, [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] had died in 1616 and been replaced by his more [[xenophobia|xenophobic]] son [[Tokugawa Hidetada]], and Japan was moving towards the "[[Sakoku]]" policy of [[isolationism|isolation]]. Because news of these persecutions arrived in Europe during Hasekura's embassy, European rulers &ndash; especially the King of Spain &ndash; became very reluctant to respond favorably to Hasekura's trade and missionary proposals.
[[Image:PaoloHasekura.jpg|thumb|200px|Painting of the Pope Paul V remitted by Hasekura Tsunenaga to Date Masamune during his 1620 report; [[Sendai City Museum]]]]
[[Image:HasekuraDaggers.jpg|thumb|200px|Indonesian [[kris]] and [[Sri Lanka|Ceylonese]] dagger (acquired in the Philippines), presented by Hasekura to Date Masamune upon his return; Sendai City Museum]]
Hasekura reported his travels to Date Masamune upon his arrival in Sendai. It is recorded that he remitted a portrait of Pope Paul V, a portrait of himself in prayer (shown above), and a set of [[Sri Lanka|Ceylonese]] and [[Indonesia]]n daggers acquired in the Philippines, all preserved today in the [[Sendai City Museum]]. The "Records of the House of Masamune" describe his report in a rather succinct manner, ending with a rather cryptic expression of surprise bordering on the outrage ("{{lang|ja|奇怪最多シ}}") at Hasekura's discourse:
:"Rokuemon went to the country of the [[Nanban|Southern Barbarians]], he paid his respects to the king [[Pope Paul V|Paolo]], he stayed there for several years, and now he sailed back from [[Luzon]]. He brought paintings of the king of the Southern Barbarians, and a painting of himself, which he remitted. Many of his descriptions of the Southern Barbarian countries, and the meaning of Rokuemon's declarations were surprising and extraordinary."<ref>"{{lang|ja|南蛮国ノ物事、六右衛門物語ノ趣、奇怪最多シ}}" {{lang|ja|伊達治家記録}}　("Records of the House of Masamune")</ref>

===Interdiction of Christianity in Sendai===
The direct effect of Hasekura's return to Sendai was the interdiction of Christianity in the Sendai fief two days later:
:"Two days after the return of Rokuemon to Sendai, a three-point edict against the Christian was promulgated: first, that all Christians were ordered to abandon their faith, in accordance with the rule of the Shogun, and for those who did not, they would be exiled if they were nobles, and killed if they were citizens, peasants or servants. Second, that a reward would be given for the denunciation of hidden Christians. Third that propagators of the Christian faith should leave the Sendai fief, or else, abandon their religion" (November 1620 letter of father Angelis, Japan-China archives of the Jesuits in Rome, quoted in Gonoi's "Hasekura Tsunenaga", p231)

What Hasekura said or did to bring about such a result is unknown. As later events tend to indicate that he and his descendants remained faithful Christians, Hasekura may have made an enthusiastic &ndash; and to a certain extent, disturbing &ndash; account of the greatness and might<!-- OK here: don't correct it--> of Western countries and the Christian religion. He may also have encouraged an alliance between the Church and Date Masamune to take over the country (an idea advertized by the Franciscans while in Rome), which, in 1620 Japan, would have been a totally unrealistic proposition. Lastly, hopes of trade with Spain evaporated when Hasekura communicated that the Spanish King would not enter an agreement as long as persecutions were occurring in the rest of the country.

Date Masamune, heretofore very tolerant of Christianity in spite of the Bakufu's prohibition in the land it directly controlled, thus suddenly chose to distance himself from the Western faith. The first executions of Christians started 40 days later. The anti-Christian measures taken by Date Masumune were however comparatively mild, and Japanese and Western Christians repeatedly claimed that he only took them to appease the [[Shogun]]:

:"Date Masumune, out of fear of the Shogun, ordered the persecution of Christianity in his territory, and created several [[Martyr#In Christianity|martyrs]]." (Letter of 17 prominent Japanese Christians from Sendai, to the Pope, 29 September 1621).<ref>Quoted in Gonoi p229</ref>

One month after Hasekura's return, Date Masamune wrote a letter to the Shogun [[Tokugawa Hidetada]], in which he makes a very clear effort to evade responsibility for the embassy, explaining in detail how it was organized with the approval, and even the collaboration, of the Shogun:

:"When I sent a ship to the Southern Barbarian countries several years ago, upon the advice of [[Mukai Shogen]], I also dispatched the Southern Barbarian named Sotelo, who had resided for several years in Edo. At that time, your highness also gave messages for the Southern Barbarians, as well as presents, such as [[folding screen]]s and sets of [[armour]]." (18 October 1620, quoted in Gonoi, p.&nbsp;234).

Spain was by far the most threatening power for Japan at that time (with a colony and an army in the nearby Philippines). Hasekura eyewitness accounts of Spanish power and colonial methods in Nueva España (Mexico) may have precipitated the Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada's decision to sever trade relations with Spain in 1623, and diplomatic relations in 1624, although other events such as the smuggling of Spanish priests into Japan and a failed Spanish embassy also contributed to the decision.

===Death===
What became of Hasekura is unknown and accounts of his last years are numerous. Contemporary Christian commentators could only rely on hearsay, with some rumours stating that he abandoned Christianity, others that he was martyred for his faith, and others that he practiced Christianity in secret. The fate of his descendants and servants, who were later executed for being Christians, would suggest that Hasekura remained strongly Christian himself, and transmitted his faith to the members of his family. Travel companions of Hasekura, such as [[Yokozawa Shogen]] are also known to have remained faithful Christians even after their return in Japan.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}

[[Image:HasekuraMiyagiGrave.jpg|thumb|250px|The Buddhist grave of Hasekura Tsunenaga, still visible today in Enfukuji, Enchōzan, Miyagi]]
Sotelo, who returned to Japan but was caught and finally [[execution by burning|burnt at the stake]] in 1624, gave before his execution an account of Hasekura returning to Japan as a hero who propagated the Christian faith:

:"My other colleague, the ambassador Philippus Faxecura, after he reached his aforementioned king ([[Date Masamune]]), was greatly honored by him, and sent to his own estate, to rest after such a long and tiring journey, where he made his wife, children, servants, and many other vassals into Christians, and advised other nobles who were his kith and kin to accept the faith, which they indeed did. While he was engaged in these and other pious works, a full year after his return, having provided much instruction and a great example, with much preparation, he piously passed on, leaving for his children by a special inheritance the propagation of the faith in his estate, and the protection of the [[Religious (Catholicism)|religious]] ''(i.e. "members of [[religious order]]s")'' in that kingdom. The King and all the nobles were greatly saddened by his passing, but especially the Christians and Religious, who knew very well the virtue and religious zeal of this man. This is what I heard by letters from the very Religious who administered the sacraments to him, and who had been present at his death, as well as from others." (Luis Sotelo, ''De ecclesiae Iaponicae statu relatio'').<ref>{{lang|la|''Collega alter legatus Philippus Fiaxecura ''}}[sic]{{lang|la|'' postquam ad prædictum Regem suum pervenit, ab ipso valdè est honoratus, & in proprium statum missus, ut tam longâ viâ fessus reficeretur, ubi uxorem, filios, domesticos cum multis aliis vasallis Christianos effecit, aliisque nobilibus hominibus consanguineis & propinquis suasit ut fidem reciperent; quam utique receperunt. Dum in his & aliis piis operibus exerceretur ante annum completum post eius regressum magna cum omnium ædificatione & exemplo, multa cum præparatione suis filiis hæreditate præcipua fidei propagationem in suo statu, & Religiosorum in eo regno pretectionem commendatam relinquens, pie defunctus est. De cuius discessu Rex & omnes Nobiles valdè doluerunt, præcipuè tamen Christiani & Religiosi, qui huius viri virtutem & fidei Zelum optimè noverant. Ab ipsis Religiosis, qui eidem sacramenta ministrarunt, eiusque obitui interfuerant; & ab aliis sic per literas accepi.''}} ([http://wwwopac.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/cgi-bin/limedio/limewwwopac/page?sessionId=20060302.0014;sessionSeq=14051;sessionLang=eng;sessionCode=jis;bookid=697422;tocid=0;pageseq=10;sessionId=20060302.0014 p. 16])</ref>

Hasekura also did bring back to Japan several Catholic artifacts, but he did not give them to his ruler, and instead kept them in his own estate.

Hasekura Tsunenaga died of illness (according to Japanese as well as Christian sources) in 1622, but the location of his grave is not known for certain. Three graves are claimed as Hasekura's. One is visible in the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple of Enfukuji ({{lang|ja|円長山円福寺}}) in [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]]. Another is clearly marked (along with a memorial to Padre Sotelo) in the cemetery of a Buddhist temple in the Kitayama neighborhood, just north of the center of Sendai, located between Shifukuji Temple and Aoba Ginja (Shinto shrine).

===Execution of his descendants and servants===
[[Image:HasekuraCrossAndMedal.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cross and medal seized in Hasekura's estate in 1640]]
[[Image:HasekuraRosaries.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Rosaries found in Hasekura's estate in 1640]]
Hasekura had a son, named Rokuemon Tsuneyori. Two of his son's servants, Yogoemon (与五右衛門) and his wife, were convicted of being Christian but refused to recant their faith under torture (reverse hanging, called "[[Tsurushi]]", 釣殺し) and as a result died in August 1637 (as the lives of Christians were spared if they recanted, these executions indicate that they were steadfast and refused to deny their faith). In 1637, Rokuemon Tsuneyori himself also came under suspicion of Christianity after being denounced by someone from [[Edo]], but escaped questioning because he was the master of the [[Zen]] temple of Komyoji ({{lang|ja|光明寺}}). In 1640, two other servants of Tsuneyori, Tarozaemon (太郎左衛門, 71), who had followed Hasekura to Rome, and his wife (59), were convicted of being Christians, and, also refusing to recant their faith under torture, died. Tsuneyori was held responsible this time and decapitated the same day, at the age of 42, for having failed to denounce Christians under his roof, although it remained unconfirmed whether he was himself Christian or not.<ref>"National Treasure: Documents of the Keicho Embassy to Europe", p80</ref> Also, two Christian priests, the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] Pedro Vazquez and Joan Bautista Paulo, had given his name under torture. Tsuneyori's younger brother, Tsunemichi, was convicted as a Christian, but managed to flee and disappear.<ref>"National Treasure: Documents of the Keicho Embassy to Europe", p80</ref>

The privileges of the Hasekura family were abolished at this point by the Sendai fief, and their property and belongings seized. It is at this time, in 1640, that Hasekura's Christian artifacts were confiscated, and they were kept in custody in Sendai until they were rediscovered at the end of the 19th century.

Altogether, around fifty Christian artifacts were found in Hasekura's estate in 1640, such as crosses, [[rosary|rosaries]], religious gowns and religious paintings. The artifacts were seized and stored by the Date fief. An inventory was made again in 1840 describing the items as belonging to Hasekura Tsunenaga. Nineteen books were also mentioned in the inventory, but they have been lost since. The artifacts are today preserved in the [[Sendai City Museum]] and other museum in Sendai.

==Re-discovery==
The very existence of the travels of Hasekura was forgotten in Japan until the reopening of the country after the [[Sakoku]] policy of isolation. In 1873, a Japanese embassy to Europe (the [[Iwakura mission]]) headed by [[Iwakura Tomomi]] heard for the first time of the travels of Hasekura when shown documents during their visit to [[Venice]] in [[Italy]].<ref>Source: Sendai museum monograph. Description of the visit of the Hasekura mission to the Venice archives [http://www.city.sendai.jp/kyouiku/museum/hasekura/hase_05.html#8 Text] (Japanese)</ref>

===Hasekura today===
[[Image:Delr caratula dvd.jpg|thumb|150px|Cover of the 2006 DVD ''Gisaku'']]

Today, there are statues of Hasekura Tsunenaga in the outskirts of [[Acapulco]] in Mexico, at the entrance of [[Havana]] Bay in Cuba,<ref>[http://www.byakuya-shobo.co.jp/kozo/article/ino-ph/photo80.html Statue of Hasekura in Havana]</ref> in [[Coria del Río]] in Spain,<ref>[http://www.ayto-coriadelrio.es/hatsekura.htm Statue of Hasekura in Coria del Rio]</ref> in the Church of [[Civitavecchia]] in Italy, and in Tsukinoura, near [[Ishinomaki]].<ref>[http://precious.road.jp/miyagi/ishinomaki.htm Statue of Hasekura in Tsukinoura]</ref>

Approximately 700 inhabitants of Coria del Río bear the surname ''Japón'' (originally ''Hasekura de Japón''), identifying them as descendants of the members of Hasekura Tsunenaga's delegation.<ref>[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20031211b4.htm "Spain's Japon clan has reunion to trace its 17th century roots"], Japan Times, 11<sup>th</sup> December 2003 (registration required)</ref>

A theme park describing the embassy and displaying a replica of the ''San Juan Bautista'' was established in the harbour of Ishinomaki, from which Hasekura initially departed on his voyage.

Now in the [[Philippines]], In the park of statue of Hasekura Tsunenaga located in [[Manila]], the [[Philippines]].

[[Shusaku Endo]] wrote a 1980 novel, titled ''The Samurai'', which relates the travels of Hasekura.

A 2005 animation film produced in Spain and titled ''[[Gisaku]]'' relates the adventures of a young Japanese samurai named Yohei who visited Spain in the 17th century, in a story loosely taking its inspiration from the travels of Hasekura. Yohei survived in hiding to the present day due to magical powers ("After centuries of lethargy, he awakes in a World he does not know"), and accomplishes many adventures in modern Europe as a superhero.<ref>[http://movies.filmax.com/gisaku/ Gisaku, the Movie]</ref>

==Timeline and itinerary==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*'''Japan (1613)'''
**April 1613: Date Masamune receives permission from the Tokugawa Shogunate for the expedition and the building of a ship.
**28 October 1613: Departure from Tsukinoura Bay.

*'''Americas (1613–1614)'''
**November 1613: Sighting of [[Cape Mendocino]]
**January 1614: Stop in [[Zacatula]]
**25 January 1614: Arrival in [[Acapulco]], [[New Spain]]
**24 March 1614: Arrival in [[Mexico City]]
**[[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]]
**[[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]]
**10 June 1614: Boarding of a Spanish frigate at [[San Juan de Ulúa]]
**[[Havana]]

*'''Spain (1614–1615)'''
**5 October 1614: Arrival at [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]] in Spain
**[[Coria del Rio]]
**21 October 1614: Arrival in [[Seville]]
**[[Córdoba, Spain|Cordoba]]
**[[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]
**[[Getafe]]
**20 December 1614: Arrival in [[Madrid]]
**30 January 1615: Meeting with King Philip III of Spain
**17 February 1615: Baptism of Hasekura Tsunenaga
**[[Alcala de Henares]]
**[[Daroca]]
**[[Zaragoza]]
**[[Fraga]]
**[[Lerida]]
**[[Igualada]]
**[[Barcelona]]

*'''France (1615)'''
**September 1615: [[Saint-Tropez]]

*'''Italy (1615–1616)'''
**[[Savona]]
**[[Genoa]]
**18 October 1615: Arrival in [[Civitavecchia]].
**29 October 1615: Ceremony commemorating the mission's arrival in Rome.
**3 November 1615: Meeting with Pope Paul V.
{{col-2}}
[[Image:HasekuraWithPope.jpg|thumb|120px|Print depicting Hasekura kneeling before the Pope, German edition]]
**23 November 1615: Reception of certificates of Honorary Citizenship by Hasekura Tsunenaga and four other Japanese members of the mission.
**[[Napoli]]
**[[Rome]]
**[[Florence|Firenze]]
**[[Venice]]
**[[Florence|Firenze]]
**[[Livorno]], by ship to Genoa
**[[Genoa]]

*'''Spain (1616)'''
**[[Barcelona]]
**[[Igualada]]
**[[Lerida]]
**[[Fraga]]
**[[Zaragoza]]
**[[Daroca]]
**[[Alcala de Henares]]
**17 April 1616: Return to Madrid.
**[[Getafe]]
**[[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]
**[[Córdoba, Spain|Cordoba]]
**[[Seville]]
**[[Coria del Rio]]
**June 1616: Departure from Spain, at [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]].

*'''Americas (1616–1618)'''
**[[Havana]]
**[[San Juan de Ulúa]]
**[[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]]
**[[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]]
**[[Mexico City]]
**Departure from [[Acapulco]], [[New Spain]]

*'''Philippines (1618–1620)'''
**20 June 1618: Arrival in [[Manila]], [[Philippines]].

*'''Japan (1620)'''
**22 September 1620: Arrival in [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]], [[Japan]]
**7 August 1622: Hasekura dies from illness
{{col-end}}

==See also==
*[[Nanban trade period]]
*[[Edo period]]
*[[Mancio Ito]], the first Japanese embassy to Europe in 1584
*[[Shusaku Endo]], the author of the novel ''[[The Samurai]]'', a fictitious account of the Hasekura mission
*[[Franco-Japanese relations]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Boxer, C.R. ''The Christian Century in Japan, 1549&ndash;1650''. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1951. ISBN 1-85754-035-2 (1993 reprint edition).
*Marcouin, Francis and Keiko Omoto. ''Quand le Japon s'ouvrit au monde''. Paris: Découvertes Gallimard, 1990. ISBN 2-07-053118-X.
*{{cite book | last = Hayes | first = Derek | year = 2001 | title = Historical atlas of the North Pacific Ocean: maps of discovery and scientific exploration, 1500–2000 | location = Seattle, WA | publisher = Sasquatch Books | id = ISBN 1-57061-311-7}}
*''Annals of His Time: Don Domingo De San Anton Munon Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin'', Stanford University Press 2006, ISBN 0-8047-5454-3
*Sotelo, Luis ''De ecclesiae Iaponicae statu relatio''
*[[Endo Shusaku|Endo, Shusaku]] ''The Samurai'', New Directions Publishing Corporation, Reprint edition (April 1997), ISBN 0-8112-1346-3 (A slightly fictional account of Hasekura's expedition).
*Gonoi, Takashi ''Hasekura Tsunenaga'' {{lang|ja|支倉常長}}, 2003. ISBN 4-642-05227-5 (Japanese)
*''The World and Japan - Tensho and Keicho missions to Europe 16th - 17th century'' {{lang|ja|世界と日本ー天正・慶長の使節}}, 1995, Sendai City Museum (Japanese)
*''Date Masamune's Mission to Rome in 1615'' {{lang|ja|国宝「慶長遣欧使節関係資料」}}, Catalogue of Sendai City Museum, 2001 (Japanese)


==External links==
==External links==
*{{hockeydb|703}}
*{{commonscat-inline|Hasekura Tsunenaga}}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.ayto-coriadelrio.es/apelljap.htm De Japón a Roma pasando por Coria 1614–1620] by Víctor Valencia Japón. Spanish language documentation on the embassy and the surname ''Japón''.
*{{jp icon}} [http://www.thr.mlit.go.jp/kamafusa/guide/guide01/top.html Guide to Hasekura's grave in Enchōzan]
*{{jp icon}} [http://www.city.sendai.jp/kyouiku/museum/syuuzou/hasekura/index.html Sendai City Museum Hasekura Tsunenaga]
*{{en icon}} [http://www.artsales.com/ARTistory/Xavier/Hasekura.html The Epic journey of Hasekura Tsunenaga]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Butsayev, Vyacheslav}}
<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
[[Category:1970 births]]

[[Category:Living people]]
{{Persondata
[[Category:Baltimore Bandits players]]
|NAME=Tsunenaga, Hasekura
[[Category:Färjestads BK players]]
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Rocuyemon, Faxecura (contemporary pronunciation); Don Felipe Francisco Hasekura (Christian name); Philippus Franciscus Faxecura Rocuyemon (Latin)
[[Category:Florida Panthers players]]
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Japan]]ese [[Samurai]] and [[diplomat]]
[[Category:Olympic ice hockey players of the Unified Team]]
|DATE OF BIRTH=1571
[[Category:Ice hockey players at the 1992 Winter Olympics]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=Japan
[[Category:Fort Wayne Komets players]]
|DATE OF DEATH=1622
[[Category:Grand Rapids Griffins (IHL) players]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=Japan
[[Category:HC Lada Togliatti players]]
}}
[[Category:People of Edo period Japan]]
[[Category:HC CSKA Moscow players]]
[[Category:Japanese diplomats]]
[[Category:HC MVD Moscow Oblast players]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of Japan]]
[[Category:Hershey Bears players]]
[[Category:Colonial Mexico]]
[[Category:Kansas City Blades players]]
[[Category:Christianity in Japan]]
[[Category:Lokomotiv Yaroslavl players]]
[[Category:1571 births]]
[[Category:Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players]]
[[Category:1622 deaths]]
[[Category:Ottawa Senators players]]
[[Category:Philadelphia Flyers draft picks]]
[[Category:Philadelphia Flyers players]]
[[Category:Russian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Russian ice hockey players]]
[[Category:San Jose Sharks players]]
[[Category:Severstal Cherepovets players]]
[[Category:Tampa Bay Lightning players]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the Unified Team]]
[[Category:Winter Olympics medalists]]
{{Russia-icehockey-bio-stub}}


[[de:Wjatscheslaw Gennadjewitsch Buzajew]]
{{Link FA|es}}
[[ru:Буцаев, Вячеслав Геннадьевич]]
[[am:ሃሰኩራ ጹነናጋ]]
[[ar:هاسيكورا تسونيناغا]]
[[br:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
[[ca:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
[[cs:Cunenaga Hasekura]]
[[de:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
[[es:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
[[eo:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
[[fr:Tsunenaga Hasekura]]
[[ko:하세쿠라 쓰네나가]]
[[it:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
[[la:Faxecura Rocuyemon]]
[[lv:Hasekura Cunenaga]]
[[nl:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
[[ja:支倉常長]]
[[pl:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
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[[sv:Hasekura Tsunenaga]]
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[[zh:支仓常长]]

Revision as of 00:27, 12 October 2008

Vyacheslav Butsayev
Born (1970-06-13) June 13, 1970 (age 53)
Togliatti, USSR
Height 6 ft 0 in (183 cm)
Weight 198 lb (90 kg; 14 st 2 lb)
Position Centre
Shot Left
Played for Philadelphia Flyers
San Jose Sharks
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim
Florida Panthers
Ottawa Senators
Tampa Bay Lightning
NHL draft 109th overall, 1990
Philadelphia Flyers
Playing career 1989–2007

Vyacheslav Butsayev (born June 13, 1970 in Togliatti, U.S.S.R.) is a retired ice hockey centre. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers in the sixth round, 109th overall, of the 1990 NHL Entry Draft. He last played for HC Dmitrov in Russia's Vysshaya Liga.

Butsayev played in the Soviet Union for several seasons before coming to North America, including three seasons with HC CSKA Moscow. He joined the Flyers for the 1992–93 season, playing in 52 games and scoring 16 points.

Butsayev was a journeyman in the NHL, playing for the Flyers, San Jose Sharks, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Florida Panthers, Ottawa Senators, and Tampa Bay Lightning. He returned to Russia for the 2001–02 season and has played there since.

In his NHL career, Butsayev appeared in 132 games. He scored 17 goals and added 26 assists.

Career statistics

    Regular Season   Playoffs
Season Team League GP G A Pts PIM GP G A Pts PIM
1987–88 Tolyatti Torpedo Rus-1 37 8 4 12 14 -- -- -- -- --
1988–89 Tolyatti Torpedo Rus-1 60 14 7 21 32 -- -- -- -- --
1989–90 CSKA Moscow Russia 48 13 4 17 30 -- -- -- -- --
1990–91 CSKA Moscow Russia 46 14 9 23 32 -- -- -- -- --
1991–92 CSKA Moscow Russia 28 12 9 21 18 -- -- -- -- --
1992–93 Hershey Bears AHL 24 8 10 18 51 -- -- -- -- --
1992–93 Philadelphia Flyers NHL 52 2 14 16 61 -- -- -- -- --
1992–93 CSKA Moscow Russia 5 3 4 7 6 -- -- -- -- --
1993–94 Philadelphia Flyers NHL 47 12 9 21 58 -- -- -- -- --
1993–94 San Jose Sharks NHL 12 0 2 2 10 -- -- -- -- --
1994–95 Kansas City Blades IHL 13 4 3 7 12 3 0 0 0 2
1994–95 San Jose Sharks NHL 6 2 0 2 0 -- -- -- -- --
1994–95 Lada Togliatti Russia 9 2 6 8 6 -- -- -- -- --
1995–96 Baltimore Bandits AHL 62 23 42 65 70 12 4 8 12 28
1995–96 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim NHL 7 1 0 1 0 -- -- -- -- --
1996–97 Farjestads BK Karlstad SEL 40 6 7 13 108 8 3 4 7 41
1997–98 Fort Wayne Komets IHL 76 36 51 87 128 4 2 2 4 4
1998–99 Fort Wayne Komets IHL 71 28 44 72 123 2 1 0 1 4
1998–99 Florida Panthers NHL 1 0 0 0 2 -- -- -- -- --
1998–99 Ottawa Senators NHL 2 0 1 1 2 -- -- -- -- --
1999–00 Grand Rapids Griffins IHL 68 28 35 63 85 17 4 12 16 24
1999–00 Tampa Bay Lightning NHL 2 0 0 0 0 -- -- -- -- --
1999–00 Ottawa Senators NHL 3 0 0 0 0 -- -- -- -- --
2000–01 Grand Rapids Griffins IHL 75 33 35 68 65 10 1 5 6 18
2001–02 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Russia 27 8 16 24 22 -- -- -- -- --
2002–03 Lokomotiv Yaraslavl Russia 43 14 15 29 34 9 3 6 9 10
2003–04 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Russia 54 9 6 15 58 3 1 0 1 2
2004–05 Cherepovets Severstal Russia 31 3 6 9 22 -- -- -- -- --
2004–05 CSKA Moscow Russia 23 4 7 11 10 -- -- -- -- --
2005–06 Tver MVD HC Russia 49 11 14 25 68 -- -- -- -- --
2006–07 Dmitrov HC Rus-1 19 3 7 10 26 -- -- -- -- --
NHL Totals 132 17 26 43 133 -- -- -- -- --

External links

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