Sarcodum: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of legumes}} |
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{{unreferenced |date=November 2013}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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{{Taxobox |
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| taxon = Sarcodum |
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| authority = [[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]<ref name=POWO_23482-1/> |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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| subdivision = [[#Species|See text]]. |
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| type_species = Sarcodum scandens |
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| ordo = [[Fabales]] |
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| type_species_authority = Lour.<ref name=CompSchrKonyFore19/> |
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| familia = [[Fabaceae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]] |
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| unranked_tribus = <small>[[Inverted repeat-lacking clade]] ''([[incertae sedis]])''</small> |
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| tribus = [[Millettieae]] |
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| genus = '''''Sarcodum''''' |
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| genus_authority = Lour. |
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}} |
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'''''Sarcodum''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]]. It belongs to the subfamily [[Faboideae]]. |
'''''Sarcodum''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]]. It belongs to the subfamily [[Faboideae]], tribe [[Wisterieae]].<ref name=CompSchrKonyFore19/> Its three species are twining [[vine]]s growing over shrubs, and are native from southeast mainland China to the [[Solomon Islands]].<ref name=POWO_23482-1/> |
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==Description== |
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''Sarcodum'' species are twining [[vine]]s that scramble over shrubs, growing up to {{cvt|5|–|10|m|ft|0}} high. The mature stems are reddish brown. The leaves have 8–44 leaflets arranged in pairs, plus a terminal leaflet. Individual leaflets may be up to {{cvt|4.5|cm|in|1}} long by {{cvt|2.5|cm|in|1}} wide. The [[inflorescence]]s are composed of erect leafy axillary and terminal [[raceme]]s {{cvt|3|–|12|cm|in|1}} long. Each flower is {{cvt|6|–|19|mm|in|1}} long, and has the [[Papilionaceous flower|typical shape]] of a member of the family Fabaceae. The pink or pinkish lilac standard [[petal]] is {{cvt|10|–|13|mm|in|1}} long by {{cvt|6|–|8|mm|in|1}} wide with a broad, dark yellow nectar guide. The wing petals are {{cvt|8|–|13|mm|in|1}} long by {{cvt|3|mm|in|1}} across, either much or slightly shorter than the keel petals, and with short basal claws. The keel petals are {{cvt|13|mm|in|1}} long by {{cvt|4|mm|in|1}} wide. Nine of the [[stamen]]s are fused together, the tenth is free; all curve upwards at the apex. The seed pods are up to {{cvt|5|cm|in|1}} long, initially green, then black and hard when ripe, splitting to release the 4–10 seeds.<ref name=CompSchrKonyFore19/> |
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==Taxonomy== |
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{{See also|Wisterieae#Taxonomy}} |
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The genus ''Sarcodum'' was established by [[João de Loureiro]] in 1790.<ref name=IPNI_23482-1/> The genus name is derived from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{lang|grc|σαρκώδης}} (''sarkōdēs'') 'fleshy', referring to the seed pod.<ref name=Lour90/> A 2019 [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] confirmed the [[monophyly]] of the genus, placing it in the tribe [[Wisterieae]]. ''Sarcodum'' is most closely related to ''[[Endosamara]]'' and ''[[Sigmoidala]]'' but has smaller leaflets – mostly less than {{cvt|2.5|cm|in|0}} wide as opposed to mostly {{cvt|2.5|–|7|cm|in|1}} wide in the other two genera. Its inflorescences are leafy racemes rather than larger erect [[panicle]]s.<ref name=CompSchrKonyFore19/> |
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===Species=== |
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{{As of|2023|January}}, [[Plants of the World Online]] accepted three genera:<ref name=POWO_23482-1/> |
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*''[[Sarcodum bicolor]]'' <small>Adema</small> |
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*''[[Sarcodum scandens]]'' <small>Lour.</small> |
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*''[[Sarcodum solomonense]]'' <small>R.Clark</small> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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{{Millettieae-stub}} |
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The three species of ''Sarcodum'' are native to southeast mainland China and [[Hainan]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Laos]], and south to [[Java]], the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]], the [[Maluku Islands]], the [[Philippines]], [[Sulawesi]] and the [[Solomon Islands]].<ref name=POWO_23482-1/> The species grow in low thickets from sea level to {{cvt|300|m|ft|-2}}.<ref name=CompSchrKonyFore19/> |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=CompSchrKonyFore19>{{Citation |last1=Compton |first1=James A. |last2=Schrire |first2=Brian D. |last3=Könyves |first3=Kálmán |last4=Forest |first4=Félix |last5=Malakasi |first5=Panagiota |last6=Sawai Mattapha |last7=Sirichamorn |first7=Yotsawate |date=2019 |title=The ''Callerya'' Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences |journal=PhytoKeys |issue=125 |pages=1–112 |doi=10.3897/phytokeys.125.34877 |pmid=31303810 |pmc=6610001 |name-list-style=amp |mode=cs1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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<ref name=Lour90>{{Citation |last1=de Loureiro |first1=Joannis |date=1790 |contribution=Genus XXXV ''Sarcodum'' |title=Flora cochinchinensis |volume=2 |contribution-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/654154 |pages=461–462 |language=la |access-date=2023-01-11 |mode=cs1}}</ref> |
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<ref name=IPNI_23482-1>{{cite web |title=''Sarcodum'' Lour. |work=[[International Plant Names Index|The International Plant Names Index]] |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/23482-1 |access-date=2023-01-11 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=POWO_23482-1>{{cite web |title=''Sarcodum'' Lour.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:23482-1 |access-date=2023-01-07 }}</ref> |
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}} |
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[[Category:Taxa named by João de Loureiro]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:25, 3 December 2023
| Sarcodum | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Wisterieae |
| Genus: | Sarcodum Lour.[1] |
| Type species | |
| Sarcodum scandens Lour.[2]
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| Species | |
Sarcodum is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, tribe Wisterieae.[2] Its three species are twining vines growing over shrubs, and are native from southeast mainland China to the Solomon Islands.[1]
Description[edit]
Sarcodum species are twining vines that scramble over shrubs, growing up to 5–10 m (16–33 ft) high. The mature stems are reddish brown. The leaves have 8–44 leaflets arranged in pairs, plus a terminal leaflet. Individual leaflets may be up to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) long by 2.5 cm (1.0 in) wide. The inflorescences are composed of erect leafy axillary and terminal racemes 3–12 cm (1.2–4.7 in) long. Each flower is 6–19 mm (0.2–0.7 in) long, and has the typical shape of a member of the family Fabaceae. The pink or pinkish lilac standard petal is 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long by 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide with a broad, dark yellow nectar guide. The wing petals are 8–13 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long by 3 mm (0.1 in) across, either much or slightly shorter than the keel petals, and with short basal claws. The keel petals are 13 mm (0.5 in) long by 4 mm (0.2 in) wide. Nine of the stamens are fused together, the tenth is free; all curve upwards at the apex. The seed pods are up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long, initially green, then black and hard when ripe, splitting to release the 4–10 seeds.[2]
Taxonomy[edit]
The genus Sarcodum was established by João de Loureiro in 1790.[3] The genus name is derived from the Greek σαρκώδης (sarkōdēs) 'fleshy', referring to the seed pod.[4] A 2019 molecular phylogenetic confirmed the monophyly of the genus, placing it in the tribe Wisterieae. Sarcodum is most closely related to Endosamara and Sigmoidala but has smaller leaflets – mostly less than 2.5 cm (1 in) wide as opposed to mostly 2.5–7 cm (1.0–2.8 in) wide in the other two genera. Its inflorescences are leafy racemes rather than larger erect panicles.[2]
Species[edit]
As of January 2023[update], Plants of the World Online accepted three genera:[1]
- Sarcodum bicolor Adema
- Sarcodum scandens Lour.
- Sarcodum solomonense R.Clark
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The three species of Sarcodum are native to southeast mainland China and Hainan, Vietnam and Laos, and south to Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Maluku Islands, the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Solomon Islands.[1] The species grow in low thickets from sea level to 300 m (1,000 ft).[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d "Sarcodum Lour." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
- ^ a b c d e Compton, James A.; Schrire, Brian D.; Könyves, Kálmán; Forest, Félix; Malakasi, Panagiota; Sawai Mattapha & Sirichamorn, Yotsawate (2019). "The Callerya Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences". PhytoKeys (125): 1–112. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.125.34877. PMC 6610001. PMID 31303810.
- ^ "Sarcodum Lour". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
- ^ de Loureiro, Joannis (1790). "Genus XXXV Sarcodum". Flora cochinchinensis (in Latin). Vol. 2. pp. 461–462. Retrieved 2023-01-11.