Rut (roads) and Aris Poulianos: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Aris.Poulianos.jpg|135px|thumb|right|Greek anthropologist, Aris Poulianos.]] |
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A '''rut''' is a depression or groove worn into a road or path by the travel of wheels or skis or by erosion from flowing water. In cold climate areas, such as Scandinavia, studded tires cause significant road surface wear in terms of rutting. Ruts can be removed by [[Graded road|grading]] a road surface. |
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'''Aris Poulianos''' (born on [[July 24]], [[1924]] in [[Ikaria]], [[Greece]]) is a [[Greece|Greek]] [[anthropologist]]. |
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==Early career== |
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A vehicle with wheels or skis, travelling on a rutted road, if its wheels or skis enter an existing rut will have difficulty steering out of the rut. If it proves impossible to steer out of a rut, though forward and backward progress can be made by the vehicle, it is referred to as being stuck in the rut. |
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He studied biology at the [[City University of New York]] between 1948 and 1952. Afterwards, he studied anthropology in [[Moscow]] and earned his Ph.D in 1961. He worked at the [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]] until 1965, when he returned to Greece. He conducted research about the anthropological origins of [[Balkan]] peoples and [[Europe]]an populations in general. During this time, he led research expeditions in [[Russia]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Romania]], former [[Yugoslavia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], and [[Uzbekistan]]. After he returned to Greece, Poulianos continued conducting anthropological research (i.e. populations in [[Spain]]; the [[Ainu people|Ainu]] of [[Japan]]). His research focused on the origins of the inhabitants of the [[Balkans|Haemus Peninsula]], as well as on the origins of [[Europe]]ans in general. |
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==Other accomplishments== |
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The term ''stuck in a rut'' can be used figuratively to refer to a situation in which, as time progresses, the situation is unable to be changed or steered in a desired way. |
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In 1969, Aris Poulianos was elected Vice-President of the 8th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in [[Tokyo]]. In 1971, Poulianos founded the Anthropological Association of Greece, which is now run by his son. This organization, specifically, has had a long-standing dispute with the Greek Ministry of Culture, after the latter's attempts to evict the Anthropological Association of Greece from the excavation site in the Petralona Cave, which was conceded to them after a 1981 contract. In 1976, Poulianos founded the Department of Paleoanthropology-Spelaeology, which functions within the Greek Ministry of Culture. He is a permanent member of the International Council of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences of [[UNESCO]] ([[United Nations]] Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). In 1979, he was appointed President of the 3rd European Congress of Anthropology at [[Prague]], which held its works in 1982 at Petralona. |
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==Homo erectus trigliensis== |
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Poulianos is more widely known for his claim that there exist "12,000,000 million years old [http://www.grecoreport.com/twelve_million_year-old_fossilized_human_remains_found_in_halkidiki.htm ''homo erectus trigliensis'']" on Greek soil. This claim is not accepted by the international anthropological community. Aris Poulianos has published five books and numerous articles, many of them in the yearbook "Anthropos" which is published by his own association. |
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==Archanthropus of Petralona== |
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[[cs:Vyjeté koleje]] |
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Poulianos' best-known project was the study of the Petralona Cave in [[Chalcidice]], a site where prehistoric human remains had been found accidentally by Philippos Chatzaridis on [[May 10]], [[1959]]. Poulianos also studied the excavations that occurred in the Triglia site in [[Chalkidiki]] and the prehistoric elephant site at Perdikkas-Ptolemais. |
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[[de:Spurrille]] |
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[[pl:Koleiny]] |
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Poulianos hypothesizes that the first proof of native human presence in [[Europe]] was to be found with the discovery of the Archanthropus [[skull]] in [[Chalcidice]], [[Greece]] in 1960. The skull has been dated to be at least 700,000 years old by two German scientists, anthropologist E. Breitinger and palaeontologist O. Sickenberg. According to Poulianos, this dating renders the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] theory obsolete. However, an article in Nature (292, 533-536, August 6, 1981) coauthored by three German scientists dates the skull to between 160,000 and 240,000 years old. |
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==Biography== |
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A biography of Poulianos was written by his wife, Daphne, and published in 2006 entitled "Aris N. Poulianos - Reflections." The book contains an historical account of Poulianos' life and contributions since 1947, as well as his activities with UNESCO and the various anti-racist organizations to which he belongs. |
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==Published works== |
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*1960 - "The Origin of Greeks"; Ph.D Thesis at Moscow Institute of Anthropology; Reprinted in Athens in 1962, 1965, 1968, and 1988. |
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*1961 - "Discovery of a Skull of Palaeolithic Man in Greece"; ''Voprossi Anthropologhii'', 8:162. |
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*1963 - "New Palaeolithic Finds of Greece";'' Sov. Arheologhia'', 2: 227-229. |
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*1965 - "On the Position of the Petralona Man within Palaeoanthropi"; ''Sov. Ethnografia'', 2: 91-99. |
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*1967 - "The Place of the Petralonian Man among Palaeoanthropi"; ''Anthropos'' C 19, (N.S.11): 216-221. in ''Akten Anthropologischen Kongresses Brno''. |
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*1971 - "Petralona: A Middle Pleistocene Cave in Greece"; ''Archaeology'', 24: 6-11. |
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*1975 - "Palaeoanthropological excavations at Petralona. ''Prakt. Archaeol.''; Et.: 131-136. Athens. |
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*1977 - "Stratigraphy and Age of the Petralonian Archanthropus"; Anthropos, 4: 37-46. Athens. |
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*1980 - "The Petralona Finds"; Thessaloniki. Yearbook of the Society of Macedonian Studies: 65-76. |
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*1981 - "Pre-sapiens Man in Greece"; Current Anthropology, 22 (3): 287 - 288. |
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*1981 - "Climatic Fluctuations at Petralona Cave"; Terra Cognita. |
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==Further reading== |
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*"Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens in Central and Eastern Europe." Current Anthropology, Vol. 10, No. 5 (December 1969): 475-503. |
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*"Reviewed Work(s) Anthropos." Man, New Series, Vol. 9, No. 4 (December 1974): 630-631. |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.aee.gr/english/2apoulianos_biogr/apoul_biogr.html Aris Poulianos: Biographic Note] |
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*[http://www.aee.gr/hellenic/2apoulianos_biogr/apoul_bibliogr/apoul_bibliogr.html Bibliography] |
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*[http://www.travel-to-halkidiki.com/page.php?id=24&back=place.php?id=9 The 40th Anniversary Since The Discovery of the Petralona Archanthropus' Skull] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Poulianos, Aris}} |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:People from the North Aegean]] |
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[[Category:Greek anthropologists]] |
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[[Category:Greek non-fiction writers]] |
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[[Category:Greek science writers]] |
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[[Category:Greek academics]] |
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[[el:Άρης Πουλιανός]] |
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Revision as of 16:49, 10 October 2008
Aris Poulianos (born on July 24, 1924 in Ikaria, Greece) is a Greek anthropologist.
Early career
He studied biology at the City University of New York between 1948 and 1952. Afterwards, he studied anthropology in Moscow and earned his Ph.D in 1961. He worked at the Soviet Academy of Sciences until 1965, when he returned to Greece. He conducted research about the anthropological origins of Balkan peoples and European populations in general. During this time, he led research expeditions in Russia, Bulgaria, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. After he returned to Greece, Poulianos continued conducting anthropological research (i.e. populations in Spain; the Ainu of Japan). His research focused on the origins of the inhabitants of the Haemus Peninsula, as well as on the origins of Europeans in general.
Other accomplishments
In 1969, Aris Poulianos was elected Vice-President of the 8th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in Tokyo. In 1971, Poulianos founded the Anthropological Association of Greece, which is now run by his son. This organization, specifically, has had a long-standing dispute with the Greek Ministry of Culture, after the latter's attempts to evict the Anthropological Association of Greece from the excavation site in the Petralona Cave, which was conceded to them after a 1981 contract. In 1976, Poulianos founded the Department of Paleoanthropology-Spelaeology, which functions within the Greek Ministry of Culture. He is a permanent member of the International Council of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). In 1979, he was appointed President of the 3rd European Congress of Anthropology at Prague, which held its works in 1982 at Petralona.
Homo erectus trigliensis
Poulianos is more widely known for his claim that there exist "12,000,000 million years old homo erectus trigliensis" on Greek soil. This claim is not accepted by the international anthropological community. Aris Poulianos has published five books and numerous articles, many of them in the yearbook "Anthropos" which is published by his own association.
Archanthropus of Petralona
Poulianos' best-known project was the study of the Petralona Cave in Chalcidice, a site where prehistoric human remains had been found accidentally by Philippos Chatzaridis on May 10, 1959. Poulianos also studied the excavations that occurred in the Triglia site in Chalkidiki and the prehistoric elephant site at Perdikkas-Ptolemais.
Poulianos hypothesizes that the first proof of native human presence in Europe was to be found with the discovery of the Archanthropus skull in Chalcidice, Greece in 1960. The skull has been dated to be at least 700,000 years old by two German scientists, anthropologist E. Breitinger and palaeontologist O. Sickenberg. According to Poulianos, this dating renders the Indo-European theory obsolete. However, an article in Nature (292, 533-536, August 6, 1981) coauthored by three German scientists dates the skull to between 160,000 and 240,000 years old.
Biography
A biography of Poulianos was written by his wife, Daphne, and published in 2006 entitled "Aris N. Poulianos - Reflections." The book contains an historical account of Poulianos' life and contributions since 1947, as well as his activities with UNESCO and the various anti-racist organizations to which he belongs.
Published works
- 1960 - "The Origin of Greeks"; Ph.D Thesis at Moscow Institute of Anthropology; Reprinted in Athens in 1962, 1965, 1968, and 1988.
- 1961 - "Discovery of a Skull of Palaeolithic Man in Greece"; Voprossi Anthropologhii, 8:162.
- 1963 - "New Palaeolithic Finds of Greece"; Sov. Arheologhia, 2: 227-229.
- 1965 - "On the Position of the Petralona Man within Palaeoanthropi"; Sov. Ethnografia, 2: 91-99.
- 1967 - "The Place of the Petralonian Man among Palaeoanthropi"; Anthropos C 19, (N.S.11): 216-221. in Akten Anthropologischen Kongresses Brno.
- 1971 - "Petralona: A Middle Pleistocene Cave in Greece"; Archaeology, 24: 6-11.
- 1975 - "Palaeoanthropological excavations at Petralona. Prakt. Archaeol.; Et.: 131-136. Athens.
- 1977 - "Stratigraphy and Age of the Petralonian Archanthropus"; Anthropos, 4: 37-46. Athens.
- 1980 - "The Petralona Finds"; Thessaloniki. Yearbook of the Society of Macedonian Studies: 65-76.
- 1981 - "Pre-sapiens Man in Greece"; Current Anthropology, 22 (3): 287 - 288.
- 1981 - "Climatic Fluctuations at Petralona Cave"; Terra Cognita.
Further reading
- "Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens in Central and Eastern Europe." Current Anthropology, Vol. 10, No. 5 (December 1969): 475-503.
- "Reviewed Work(s) Anthropos." Man, New Series, Vol. 9, No. 4 (December 1974): 630-631.