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{{Short description|Type of yeast}} {{About| the species (Cyberlindnera jadinii)| the genus|Torula (genus)}} {{Speciesbox | name = Torula
{{Taxobox | name = Torula
| taxon = Cyberlindnera jadinii
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
| authority = Minter, 2009
| phylum = [[Ascomycota]]
| subphylum = [[Saccharomycotina]]
⚫
| classis = [[Saccharomycetes]]
| ordo = [[Saccharomycetales]]
| familia = [[Saccharomycetaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]''
| species = '''''C. utilis'''''
| binomial = ''Candida utilis''
| binomial_authority = (Henneberg, 1926) [[Jacomina Lodder|Lodder]] & Kreger-van Rij, 1952
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
* ''Torula utilis'' <small>Henneberg, 1926</small><ref>Henneberg, W. (1926). ''Handbuch der Gärungsbakteriologie''. Zweite Auflage. Zweite Band. Spezielle Pilzkunde. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=&id=NMlOAAAAMAAJ link].</ref>
⚫
* ''Torula utilis'' <small>Henneberg, 1926</small>
* ''Torulopsis utilis'' <small>Lodder & Kreger-van Rij, 1934</small>
* ''Torulopsis utilis'' <small>(Henneberg) Lodder, 1934</small>
⚫
* ''Candida utilis'' <small>(Henneberg) Lodder & Kreger-van Rij, 1952</small>
* ''Hansenula jadinii'' <small>(Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Wick. [as 'jadini'], 1951</small>
* ''Lindnera jadinii'' <small>(Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, 2008</small>
* ''Pichia jadinii'' <small>(Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Kurtzman, 1984</small>
* ''Candida guilliermondii'' var. ''nitratophila'' <small>Diddens & Lodder, 1957</small>
* ''Candida guilliermondii'' var. ''nitratophila'' <small>Diddens & Lodder, 1942</small>
* ''Cryptococcus utilis'' <small>(Henneberg) H.W. Anderson & C.E. Skinner, 1947</small>
* ''Saccharomyces jadinii'' <small>Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey., 1932</small>
* ''Torulopsis utilis'' <small>(Henneberg) Lodder, 1934</small>, var. ''utilis''<ref>"[http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=534383 Synonymy of Cyberlindnera jadinii (Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Minter, Mycotaxon 110: 474 (2009)]". ''speciesfungorum.org''. Species Fungorum/Index Fungorum ([[CABI (organisation)|CABI]] databases). Retrieved 27 March 2017.</ref>
}}
}}


'''Torula''' (Latin name: ''Candida utilis''; formerly ''Torulopsis utilis'', ''Torula utilis'') is a species of [[yeast]].
'''Torula''' ('''''Cyberlindnera jadinii''''') is a species of [[yeast]].


==Use==
==Use==
Torula, in its inactive form (usually labeled as '''torula yeast'''), is widely used as a flavoring in processed foods and pet foods. It is often grown on wood liquor, a byproduct of [[Paper#Manufacturing|paper production]], which is rich in [[Xylitol|wood sugars]].<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=smFVSUWXTbkC&pg=PA312&lpg=PA312 Kosher Food Production]'', Zushe Yosef Blech</ref> It is pasteurized and [[Spray drying|spray-dried]] to produce a fine, light grayish-brown powder with a slightly yeasty odor and gentle, slightly [[meaty taste]].
Torula, in its inactive form (usually labeled as '''torula yeast'''), is widely used as a flavoring in processed foods and pet foods. It is often grown on wood liquor, a byproduct of [[Paper#Manufacturing|paper production]], which is rich in wood sugars ([[xylose]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Blech |first=Zushe Yosef |year=2008 |chapter=Essays in Kashrus and Food Science |title=Kosher Food Production |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smFVSUWXTbkC&pg=PA312 |language=en |edition=2nd |location=Ames, Iowa, USA |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |publication-date=2008 |pages=311–312 |no-pp=true |doi=10.1002/9780813804750 |isbn=978-0-8138-2093-4 |chapter-url-access=limited}}</ref> It is pasteurized and [[Spray drying|spray-dried]] to produce a fine, light grayish-brown powder with a slightly yeasty odor and gentle, slightly [[meaty taste]].


''Cyberlindnera jadinii'' (which in these contexts is often still labelled with its synonym ''Candida utilis'') can be used, in a blend of various other yeasts, as secondary [[cheese]] [[starter culture]] "... to inoculate [[Pasteurization|pasteurised]] [[milk]], which mimic the natural yeast flora of raw milk and improve cheese [[Flavour (taste)|flavour]]. Other functions of the added yeast organisms are the neutralisation of the [[curd]] (lactate degradation) and [[galactose]] consumption."<ref>Law, Barry A.; Tamime, Adnan (2010). ''Technology of Cheesemaking (2nd ed.)''. Society of Dairy Technology series. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 204. [[doi:10.1002/9781444323740]]. {{ISBN|978-1-405-18298-0}}.</ref>
⚫
Torula finds accepted use in Europe and California for the organic control of [[olive fruit fly|olive flies]]. When dissolved in water, it serves as a food attractant, with or without additional pheromone lures, in McPhail and OLIPE traps, which drown the insects. In field trials in [[Sonoma County, California]], mass trappings reduced crop damage to an average of 30% compared to almost 90% in untreated controls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu/files/27230.pdf |title=Controlling Olive Fruit Fly at Home |publisher=University of California Cooperative Extension |date= |accessdate=2010-05-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218060859/http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu/files/27230.pdf |archivedate=December 18, 2011 }}</ref>


Just like the flavor enhancer [[monosodium glutamate]] (MSG), Torula is rich in glutamic acid. Therefore it has become a popular replacement among manufacturers wishing to eliminate MSG or hide flavor enhancer usage in an ingredients list. It also enables the marketing of "all-natural" ingredients.
Like the flavor enhancer [[monosodium glutamate]] (MSG), torula is rich in [[glutamic acid]]. Therefore, it has become a popular replacement among manufacturers wishing to eliminate MSG or hide flavor enhancer usage in an ingredients list. It also enables the marketing of "all-natural" ingredients.

⚫
Torula finds accepted use in Europe and California for the organic control of [[olive fruit fly|olive flies]]. When dissolved in water, it serves as a food attractant, with or without additional pheromone lures, in McPhail and OLIPE traps, which drown the insects. In field trials in [[Sonoma County, California]], mass trappings reduced crop damage to an average of 30% compared to almost 90% in untreated controls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu/files/27230.pdf |title=Controlling Olive Fruit Fly at Home |publisher=University of California Cooperative Extension |access-date=2010-05-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218060859/http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu/files/27230.pdf |archive-date=December 18, 2011}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Fungi}}
{{Portal|Fungi}}
*[[Candida albicans]]
*[[Nutritional yeast]]
*[[Nutritional yeast]]


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<references/>
<references/>


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1527729}}
[[Category:Candida (fungus)]]

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[[Category:Saccharomycetes]]
[[Category:Yeasts]]
[[Category:Yeasts]]


Latest revision as of 00:41, 11 January 2024

This article is about the species (Cyberlindnera jadinii). For the genus, see Torula (genus).
Torula
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Saccharomycetes
Order: Saccharomycetales
Family: Phaffomycetaceae
Genus: Cyberlindnera
Species:
C. jadinii
Binomial name
Cyberlindnera jadinii
Minter, 2009
Synonyms
  • Torula utilis Henneberg, 1926[1]
  • Torulopsis utilis (Henneberg) Lodder, 1934
  • Candida utilis (Henneberg) Lodder & Kreger-van Rij, 1952
  • Hansenula jadinii (Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Wick. [as 'jadini'], 1951
  • Lindnera jadinii (Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, 2008
  • Pichia jadinii (Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Kurtzman, 1984
  • Candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila Diddens & Lodder, 1957
  • Candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila Diddens & Lodder, 1942
  • Cryptococcus utilis (Henneberg) H.W. Anderson & C.E. Skinner, 1947
  • Saccharomyces jadinii Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey., 1932
  • Torulopsis utilis (Henneberg) Lodder, 1934, var. utilis[2]

Torula (Cyberlindnera jadinii) is a species of yeast.

Use[edit]

Torula, in its inactive form (usually labeled as torula yeast), is widely used as a flavoring in processed foods and pet foods. It is often grown on wood liquor, a byproduct of paper production, which is rich in wood sugars (xylose).[3] It is pasteurized and spray-dried to produce a fine, light grayish-brown powder with a slightly yeasty odor and gentle, slightly meaty taste.

Cyberlindnera jadinii (which in these contexts is often still labelled with its synonym Candida utilis) can be used, in a blend of various other yeasts, as secondary cheese starter culture "... to inoculate pasteurised milk, which mimic the natural yeast flora of raw milk and improve cheese flavour. Other functions of the added yeast organisms are the neutralisation of the curd (lactate degradation) and galactose consumption."[4]

Like the flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG), torula is rich in glutamic acid. Therefore, it has become a popular replacement among manufacturers wishing to eliminate MSG or hide flavor enhancer usage in an ingredients list. It also enables the marketing of "all-natural" ingredients.

Torula finds accepted use in Europe and California for the organic control of olive flies. When dissolved in water, it serves as a food attractant, with or without additional pheromone lures, in McPhail and OLIPE traps, which drown the insects. In field trials in Sonoma County, California, mass trappings reduced crop damage to an average of 30% compared to almost 90% in untreated controls.[5]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Henneberg, W. (1926). Handbuch der Gärungsbakteriologie. Zweite Auflage. Zweite Band. Spezielle Pilzkunde. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin. link.
  2. ^ "Synonymy of Cyberlindnera jadinii (Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Minter, Mycotaxon 110: 474 (2009)". speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum/Index Fungorum (CABI databases). Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  3. ^ Blech, Zushe Yosef (2008). "Essays in Kashrus and Food Science". Kosher Food Production (2nd ed.). Ames, Iowa, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 311–312. doi:10.1002/9780813804750. ISBN 978-0-8138-2093-4.
  4. ^ Law, Barry A.; Tamime, Adnan (2010). Technology of Cheesemaking (2nd ed.). Society of Dairy Technology series. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 204. doi:10.1002/9781444323740. ISBN 978-1-405-18298-0.
  5. ^ "Controlling Olive Fruit Fly at Home" (PDF). University of California Cooperative Extension. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 18, 2011. Retrieved 2010-05-01.


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