Real yeast

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Real yeast
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )

Systematics
Empire : Mushrooms (fungi)
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms
Subdivision : Saccharomycotina
Class : Saccharomycetes
Order : Real yeast
Scientific name of the  subdivision
Saccharomycotina
OE Erikss. & Winka
Scientific name of the  class
Saccharomycetes
G. Winter
Scientific name of the  order
Saccharomycetales
Kudryavtsev

The real yeasts (Saccharomycetales) are the only order of fungi of the class Saccharomycetes which, as Saccharomycotina, forms one of the three subdivisions of the sac fungi . Many, but not all, yeasts belong to them , such as sugar yeast with baker's yeast .

features

The growth takes place through individual yeast cells. There are also pseudohyphae and real hyphae . These then have septa with several pores. The cell walls consist mainly of β-glucan . Chitin is only formed on the bud scars. One to many ascospores are formed in the asci . The asci arise from single cells or are formed on simple ascophores. Mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions take place within the nuclear envelope that remains intact .

The asexual reproduction is made by budding , by conidia or arthrospores.

Systematics

The real yeasts are a natural family group ( monophyletic ). They are the sister group of the Pezizomycotina .

The following families belong to the order:

Usually the genus Candida including Candida albicans is placed in this order with unclear family affiliation.

swell

literature

  • David S. Hibbett, Manfred Binder, Joseph F. Bischoff, Meredith Blackwell, Paul F. Cannon, Ove E. Eriksson, Sabine Huhndorf, Timothy James, Paul M. Kirk, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, François Lutzoni, P. Brandon Matheny, David J. McLaughlin, Martha J. Powell, Scott Redhead, Conrad L. Schoch, Joseph W. Spatafora, Joost A. Stalpers, Rytas Vilgalys, M. Catherine Aime, André Aptroot, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, Gerald L Benny, Lisa A. Castlebury, Pedro W. Crous, Yu-Cheng Dai, Walter Gams, David M. Geiser, Gareth W. Griffith, Cécile Gueidan, David L. Hawksworth, Geir Hestmark, Kentaro Hosaka, Richard A. Humber, Kevin D. Hyde, Joseph E. Ironside, Urmas Kõljalg, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Robert Lichtwardt, Joyce Longcore, Jolanta Miądlikowsk, Andrew Miller, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Sharon Mozley-Standridge, Franz Oberwinkler, Erast Parmasto , Valérie Reeb, Jack D. Rogers, Claude Roux, Leif Ryvarden, José Paulo Sampaio, Arthur Schüßler, Junta Sugiyama, R. Greg Thorn, Leif T ibell, Wendy A. Untereiner, Christopher Walker, Zheng Wang, Alex Weir, Michael Weiß, Merlin M. White, Katarina Wink, Yi-Jian Yao, Ning Zhang: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological Research . tape 111 (5) . British Mycological Society, 2007, p. 509-547 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 ( PDF; 1.01 MB ( memento of November 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) - with an initial description of the subdivision).
  • Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Mark A. Farmer, Robert A. Andersen, O. Roger Anderson, John R. Barta, Samuel S. Bowser, Guy Brugerolle, Robert A. Fensome, Suzanne fredericq, Timothy Y. James, Sergei Karpov, Paul Kugrens, John Krug, Christopher E. Lane, Louise A. Lewis, Jean Lodge, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Richard M. McCourt, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley-Standridge, Thomas A. Nerad, Carol A. Shearer, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel, Max FJR Taylor: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists . In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . tape 52 , no. 5 , 2005, p. 399-451 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Timothy Y. James, Frank Kauff, Conrad L. Schoch, P. Brandon Matheny, Valérie Hofstetter, Cymon J. Cox, Gail Celio, Cécile Gueidan, Emily Fraker, Jolanta Miadlikowska, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Alexandra Rauhut, Valérie Reeb, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Anja Amtoft, Jason E. Stajich, Kentaro Hosaka, Gi-Ho Sung, Desiree Johnson, Ben O'Rourke, Michael Crockett, Manfred Binder, Judd M. Curtis, Jason C. Slot, Zheng Wang, Andrew W Wilson, Arthur Schuessler, Joyce E. Longcore, Kerry O'Donnell, Sharon Mozley-Standridge, David Porter, Peter M. Letcher, Martha J. Powell, John W. Taylor, Merlin M. White, Gareth W. Griffith, David R. Davies, Richard A. Humber, Joseph B. Morton, Junta Sugiyama, Amy Y. Rossman, Jack D. Rogers, Don H. Pfister, David Hewitt, Karen Hansen, Sarah Hambleton, Robert A. Shoemaker, Jan Kohlmeyer, Brigitte Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Robert A. Spotts, Maryna Serdani, Pedro W. Crous, Karen W. Hughes, Kenji Matsuura, Ewald Langer, Gitta Langer, Wendy A. Untereiner, Robert Lücking, Burkhard Büdel , David M. Geiser, André Aptroot, Paul Diederich, Imke Schmitt, Matthias Schultz, Rebecca Yahr, David S. Hibbett, François Lutzoni, David J. McLaughlin, Joseph W. Spatafora, Rytas Vilgalys: Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny . In: Nature . tape 443 , 2006, pp. 818–822 , doi : 10.1038 / nature05110 .
  2. ^ Outline of Ascomycota - 2007 . In: Lumbsch, HT and SM Huhndorf Outline of Ascomycota - 2007. Myconet 13: 1 - 58. (Ed.): Myconet . tape  13 , 2007, ISSN  1403-1418 , pp. 1–58 ( available online (PDF; 2.9 MB)).
  3. ↑ Genus Record Details: Candida Berkhout 1923. In: Species Fungorum . Retrieved July 30, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Saccharomycetales  - collection of images, videos and audio files