Real hose mushrooms
| Real hose mushrooms | ||||||||||||
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Orange cup Ling ( Aleuria aurantia ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pezizomycotina | ||||||||||||
| OE Erikss. & Winka |
The real hose mushrooms or Pezizomycotina are the most species-rich of the three groups of the hose mushrooms ( Ascomycota ) and are in the rank of a subdivision. They include many molds and the sac fungi that form the fruiting bodies.
features
The Pezizomycotina form a mycelium . The hyphae are thread-like and septate . The septa have simple pores and voronine bodies.
The life cycle is haploid with a two-nucleus stage just prior to sexual reproduction. Between the fusion of the two sex cells and the fusion of the two cell nuclei there are a few to many cell divisions. These binuclear hyphae are spatially and nutritionally connected to the haploid mycelium. The askocarp is an apothecium (bowl-shaped open) or a celistothecium (spherical closed), it is rarely missing.
The core pairing ( karyogamy ) takes place after a different fertilization depending on the group: gametangiogamy , gameto-gametangiogamy , somatogamy , parthenogamy , autogamy or apomixis .
The pair nucleus hyphae often have hooks on the transverse walls. These arise during cell division: the two nuclei of a cell divide at the same time. A daughter core moves into the previously formed hook. Then the two upper cores are separated by a transverse wall. The hook with a daughter nucleus now merges with the lower cell, so that two nuclei are again contained here. The top cell of such a hypha then becomes the ascus . In it, karyogamy , meiosis and usually another mitosis take place. So eight ascospores are formed. The asci are operculat or pseudoprototunicat. The shape of the asci is varied. They often have a mechanism of propagation. The ascospores are surrounded by an enveloping membrane system.
Asexual reproduction occurs, although not in all species. The asexual conidiospores are very diverse in shape and color.
Systematics
The Pezizomycotina are a natural family group ( monophyletic ). A cladogram looks like this:
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The following classes are counted among the pezizomycotina :
- Class Arthoniomycetes
- Class Dothideomycetes
- Class Eurotiomycetes
- Class Geoglossomycetes
- Class Laboulbeniomycetes
- Class Lecanoromycetes
- Class Leotiomycetes
- Class Lichinomycetes
- Class Orbiliomycetes
- Class Pezizomycetes
- Class Sordariomycetes
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incertae sedis (not assigned to any class)
- Order Lahmiales
- Order Medeolariales
- Order Triblidiales
For an overview of the system up to the order, cf. Systematics of mushrooms .
literature
- Peter Sitte , Elmar Weiler , Joachim W. Kadereit , Andreas Bresinsky , Christian Körner : Textbook of botany for universities . Founded by Eduard Strasburger . 35th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8274-1010-X .
- Sina M. Adl et al .: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52 (5), 2005; Pages 399-451. doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ OE Eriksson, K. Winka: Supraordinal taxa of Ascomycota . In: Myconet Volume 1, 1997, pp. 1-16. On-line
- ^ TY James et al .: Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny . In: Nature , Volume 443, October 19, 2006, pp. 818-822. doi: 10.1038 / nature05110
- ↑ DS Hibbett et al .: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological research , May 2007; III (5): 509-547. Epub 2007 March 13, 2007. doi: 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 , (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- ↑ CL Schoch et al .: Geoglossomycetes cl. Nov., Geoglossales ord. nov. and taxa above class rank in the Ascomycota Tree of Life , 2009; 22: 129-138. (PDF; 490 kB)