Eurotiomycetes

Eurotiomycetes
Aspergillus niger
Systematics
without rank: Nucletmycea Empire : Mushrooms (fungi) Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Eurotiomycetes
Scientific name
Eurotiomycetes
OE Erikss. & Winka

The Eurotiomycetes are a class of ashlar mushrooms . It includes many important molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium .

features

Morphologically, the Eurotiomycetes are very diverse. The fruiting bodies (Ascomata) are Kleistothecia , Perithecia or Ascostromata . Most species have asci with a simple wall (prototunicat), which are formed in a Kleistothecium. The asci are only released after the asci and the fruiting bodies have decayed. This is considered a derivative form, while the two-layered (bitunicate) asci with a centrifugal mechanism in an open fruiting body are considered original.

The mushrooms formerly called Plectomycetes belong to the class today . The morphological characteristics are: thin, prototunicate asci; Ascomata, in which the asci are formed scattered in the cavity; unicellular ascospores; Ascomata-form from gymnothecisch to kleistothecisch, without an ostiolum (opening); the anamorphs are highly variable and phialoblastic and thallic hyphomycetic.

Way of life

The Eurotiomycetes are an ecologically very diverse group. The species live as saprobionts , parasites , pathogens or as lichens .

Systematics

The Eurotiomycetes are a natural kin, a monophyletic taxon .

Seven orders are counted among the Eurotiomycetes, which are divided into three subclasses.

• Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae
  • Order Chaetothyriales
  • Order Pyrenulales
  • Verrucariales order
• Subclass Eurotiomycetidae
  • Order Coryneliales
  • Order Eurotiales
  • order Onygenales
• Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae
  • Order Mycocaliciales

A cladogram looks like this:

	Chaetothyriomycetidae    Chaetothyriales      Verrucariales      Pyrenulales   Eurotiomycetidae     Eurotiomycetidae    Onygenales      Eurotiales      Coryneliales      Mycocaliciales

meaning

Especially in the subclass of the Eurotiomycetidae there are many economically and medically important representatives: they form toxic and / or usable secondary substances such as antibiotics ( penicillin ) or citric acid ( Aspergillus niger ), are used to produce food (various molds ) or enzymes . Aspergillus nidulans is a genetic model organism.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ DS Hibbett et al .: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological research , May 2007; 111 (5): 509-547. Epub 2007 March 13, 2007. doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 , (PDF; 1.3 MB)
2. ↑ David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae , 2006.

literature

• David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1053-1064.
• Joseph W. Spatafora et al .: A five-gene phylogeny of Pezizomycotina . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1018-1028.

Web links

Commons : Eurotiomycetes  - collection of images, videos and audio files