Onygenales

Onygenales
Coccidioides immitis , causative agent of coccidioidomycosis
Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Eurotiomycetes Subclass : Eurotiomycetidae Order : Onygenales
Scientific name
Onygenales
Cif. ex Benny & Kimbr.

The Onygenales are an order of the ashes .

features

The fruit bodies are highly variable, their shape ranges from macroscopically visible ascostromata to greatly reduced celistothecic and gymnothecic forms.

The anamorphs are almost exclusively thallus-shaped. They form simple arthro- conidia or complex shapes.

Representatives of the order often have the ability to break down keratin . The way of life as a pathogen in vertebrates often correlates with this.

Way of life

The majority of the species live saprobionic .

Some pathogens belong to the Onygenales. In mammals, they cause histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis , lung diseases that can spread to other organs. They also make up the majority of dermatophytes , which can also trigger skin fungal diseases , such as the genera Trichophyton and Epidermophyton .

Systematics

External system

The Onygenales used to be run together with the Eurotiales as "Plectomycetes". Today both orders are placed in the subclass Eurotiomycetidae . They are a monophyletic taxon . The subclass cladogram looks like this:

	Onygenales      Eurotiales      Coryneliales

Internal system

According to DNA sequence analyzes, the Onygenales also include the representatives of the orders Ascosphaerales and Arachnomycetales, which were separated until recently. Hibbett et al. In 2007 they do not run as separate orders. The Onygenales sensu stricto form a separate clade that the other representatives face. The classification of these in the Onygenales is not to be regarded as final.

Lumbsch and Huhndorf lead the following families in the Onygenales (with selected genera):

• Single genus Ajellomycetaceae
  • Ajellomyces
• Single genus Arachnomycetaceae
  • Arachnomyces
• Arthrodermataceae with 3 genera
  • Arthroderma
  • Ctenomyces
  • Shanorella
  • The anamorphic genera Trichophyton , Epidermophyton and Microsporum also belong to this family .
• Ascosphaeraceae with three genera
  • Arrhenosphaera
  • Ascosphaera
  • Bettsia
• Gymnoascaceae with 9 genera
  • Acitheca
  • Arachniotus
  • Gymnascella
  • Gymnoascoideus
  • Gymnoascus
  • Kraurogymnocarpa
  • Mallochia
  • Narasimhella
  • Orromyces
• Horn mushroom relatives (Onygenaceae) with 24 genera
  • Arachnotheca
  • Ascocalvatia
  • Bifidocarpus
  • Coccidioides
  • Chlamydosauromyces
  • Leucothecium
  • Onygena
  • Pectinotrichum
  • Testudomyces

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae , 2006.
2. ↑ DS Hibbett et al .: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological research , May 2007; 111 (5): 509-547. Epub 2007 March 13, 2007. doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 , (PDF; 1.3 MB)
3. ↑ H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Sabine M. Huhndorf (eds.) Outline of Ascomycota - 2007. Myconet 13: 1 - 58. The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA. (online html) (PDF; 2.9 MB)

literature

• David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1053-1064.

Web links

Commons : Onygenales  - collection of images, videos and audio files