Trichophyton

Trichophyton
	Trichophyton rubrum with one macro and several micro conidia
Systematics
Subdivision :	Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class :	Eurotiomycetes
Subclass :	Eurotiomycetidae
Order :	Onygenales
Family :	Arthrodermataceae
Genre :	Trichophyton
Scientific name
	Trichophyton
	Malmsten

Trichophyton ( Gr. Θριχός "hair", φυτόν "plant") is a genus of filamentous fungi that belong to the Fungi imperfecti . They are important as trichophytic pathogens. These are dermatophytoses , i.e. fungal diseases of the skin as well as of scalp and beard hair . The type species is Trichophyton tonsurans .

features

Macroconidia are not formed in all species; if they are present, they have one to twelve septa with a smooth, usually thin cell wall. They can stand individually or in clusters and are elongated, pointed, club spindle-shaped or cylindrical. Their size varies from 8 to 86 × 4 to 14 µm. Microconidia are formed more frequently than macroconidia. They are round to pear-shaped or club-shaped, are petiolate or sessile. They are formed either individually on the sides of the hyphae or in grape-shaped clusters. Some isolates only sporulate on suitable media . They form powdery, velvety or waxy colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar . By pigments on the bottom they are white, pink, red or purple to yellow and brown.

Ecology and way of life

All types feed on keratin . In addition to species that prefer humans as hosts, other mammals are also infested by other species . These parasitic species belong to the dermatophytes . Depending on the way of life, one differentiates:

anthropophilic species: they live parasitically on the skin, hair and nails of humans, for example Trichophyton tonsurans , Trichophyton rubrum ;
zoophilic species: They also live parasitically on the fur and skin of various mammals, for example Trichophyton equinum , Trichophyton verrucosum ;
geophilic species: These species live mainly in the ground on fallen skins and hooves and are rarely parasitic, for example Trichophyton ajelloi .

Diseases

Trichophyton species cause a number of dermotological diseases in humans and animals and, along with Epidermophyton and Microsporum, belong to the three anamorphic genera that cause dermatophytosis. If main fruit forms are formed, they belong to the genus Arthroderma .

The transmission occurs through contact infection. The pathogenicity of anthropophilic species is based on enzymes ( keratinase , proteinase , elastase ) with which they can dissolve the keratin and other structural proteins of the horny layer of skin, nails and hair. The diseases are called tinea , hereditary grind (favus) or more generally as trichophytia , depending on their appearance .

species

A total of about 20 species are known.

Trichophyton concentricum R.Blanch.
Trichophyton eboreum Brasch & Y.Gräser
Trichophyton equinum (Matruchot et Dassonville) Gedoelst
Trichophyton gourvilii Catanei
Trichophyton kanei Summerb.
Trichophyton megninii R.Blanch.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes (CPRobin) Sabour.

Culture of T. mentagrophytes

Trichophyton phaseoliform Borelli & Feo
Trichophyton raubitschekii J. Kane, Salkin, Weitzman & Smitka
Trichophyton rubrum (Castell.) Sabour.
Trichophyton schoenleinii (Lebert) Langeron & Miloch. ex Nann.
Trichophyton simii (Pinoy) Stockdale, Mackenzie et Austwick
Trichophyton soudanense Joyeux
Trichophyton terrestre Durie & D. Frey
Trichophyton tonsurans Malmsten
Trichophyton vanbreuseghemii Rioux, Jarry & Juminer
Trichophyton verrucosum E. Bodin
Trichophyton violaceum Sabour. ex E. Bodin
Trichophyton yaoundei G.Cochet & Doby-Dub.

supporting documents

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f I Weitzman and RC Summerbell. 1995. The dermatophytes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev 8: 240-295. PMID 7621400 Online
^ ^A ^b J. Glenn Songer, Songer, Karen W. Post: Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Disease. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2004. ISBN 1-4160-6501-6 . On-line
↑ R. Vasanthakumari: Textbook of Microbiology. 438f. BI Publications Pvt Ltd, 2007, 524 pages. ISBN 978-81-7225-234-2 . On-line
↑ ^a ^b Sharon CA. Chen, David Ellis, Tania. Sorrell, Wieland Meyer: Chapter 44: Trichophyton . In: Dongyou, Liu, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Priscila Costa Albuquerque and Artur Alves: Molecular detection of human fungal pathogens. CRC Press Inc., 2011. 357ff. ISBN 978-1-4398-1240-2 . On-line
↑ Apodaca, G., and JH McKerrow. 1989. Purification and characterization of a 27,000-M r extracellular proteinase from Trichophyton rubrum. In: Infection and Immunity . 57: 3072-3080.
↑ H. Koch, H. Rieth. 1958. Endemic trichophytosis in guinea pigs . In: Archives for Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 205: 577-585.

Web links

Commons : Trichophyton - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Weitzman1995-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f I Weitzman and RC Summerbell. 1995. The dermatophytes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev 8: 240-295. PMID 7621400 Online

[Songer2004-2] A ^b J. Glenn Songer, Songer, Karen W. Post: Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Disease. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2004. ISBN 1-4160-6501-6 . On-line

[Textbook2007-3] R. Vasanthakumari: Textbook of Microbiology. 438f. BI Publications Pvt Ltd, 2007, 524 pages. ISBN 978-81-7225-234-2 . On-line

[Liu2011-4] Sharon CA. Chen, David Ellis, Tania. Sorrell, Wieland Meyer: Chapter 44: Trichophyton . In: Dongyou, Liu, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Priscila Costa Albuquerque and Artur Alves: Molecular detection of human fungal pathogens. CRC Press Inc., 2011. 357ff. ISBN 978-1-4398-1240-2 . On-line

[5] Apodaca, G., and JH McKerrow. 1989. Purification and characterization of a 27,000-M r extracellular proteinase from Trichophyton rubrum. In: Infection and Immunity . 57: 3072-3080.

[6] H. Koch, H. Rieth. 1958. Endemic trichophytosis in guinea pigs . In: Archives for Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 205: 577-585.