Eurotiales

Eurotiales
Aspergillus fumigatus
Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Eurotiomycetes Subclass : Eurotiomycetidae Order : Eurotiales
Scientific name
Eurotiales
GW Martin ex Benny & Kimbr.

The Eurotiales are an order of the ashes . They include the well-known molds Penicillium and Aspergillus .

features

The asci are rounded, the ascospores are lenticular and often have two equatorial rings. The fruiting bodies are often greatly reduced and range from peridia , celistothecia to non-celistothecic stroma. Byssochlamys is a greatly reduced form , the asci are formed here on a loose hyphae , which is sometimes called the protothecium. The largest fruiting bodies of the Eurotiomycetes are the deer truffle ( Elaphomyces ), which forms underground, truffle-like fruiting bodies with a diameter of around three centimeters.

Many anamorphs are phialidic. Examples are the well-known genera Penicillium and Aspergillus .

Way of life

Most species live as saprobionts . They represent one of the most catabolically and anabolically diverse groups of microorganisms. There are species that get by with extremely little water (xerotolerant) and grow at low (psychrotolerant) and high (thermotolerant) temperatures. They produce a variety of secondary metabolic products such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and patulin.

Systematics

External system

The Eurotiales used to be run together with the Onygenales as Plectomycetes . Today both orders are placed in the subclass Eurotiomycetidae . They are a monophyletic taxon . The subclass cladogram looks like this:

	Onygenales      Eurotiales      Coryneliales

Internal system

Eriksson lists the following families and genera:

• Deer truffle relatives (Elaphomycetaceae)
  • Deer truffle ( Elaphomyces )
  • Pseudotulostoma
• Monascaceae
  • Monascus
  • Xeromyces
• Trichocomaceae
  • Byssochlamys
  • Chaetosartorya
  • Chaetotheca
  • Chromocleista
  • Cristaspora
  • Dactylomyces
  • Dendrosphaera
  • Dichlaena
  • Dichotomomyces
  • Edyuillia
  • Emericella
  • Erythrogymnotheca
  • Eupenicillium
  • Eurotium
  • Fennellia
  • Hemicarpenteles
  • Neocarpenteles
  • Neopetromyces
  • Neosartorya
  • Penicilliopsis
  • Petromyces
  • Saga grandma
  • Talaromyces
  • Thermoascus
  • Trichocoma
  • Warcupiella

meaning

The way of life and the secondary substances produced turn many species into food spoilers, so-called molds . Some species also produce important drugs, especially antibiotics ( penicillin ), but also cholesterol-lowering substances ( lovastatin ). The high growth rates are also used for the production of enzymes and complex biomolecules.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae , 2006.
2. ^ OE Eriksson (Ed.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet , Volume 12, 2006, pp. 1-82. (online html)

literature

• David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1053-1064.

Web links

Commons : Eurotiales  - collection of images, videos and audio files