Deer truffle

Deer truffle
Prickly Deer Truffle ( Elaphomyces muricatus )
Systematics
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Eurotiomycetes Subclass : Eurotiomycetidae Order : Eurotiales Family : Deer truffle relatives (Elaphomycetaceae) Genre : Deer truffle
Scientific name
Elaphomyces
Nees

Deer truffles ( Elaphomyces ) are a genus of fungi that produce fruiting bodies that grow underground. There are around 65 species of deer truffle worldwide, of which around 18 are in Europe. The most common species is the warty deer truffle ( Elaphomyces granulatus ). The second most common is the reticulated deer truffle ( Elaphomyces muricatus ).

features

Deer truffles, like all truffles, form hypogean, ie subterranean, bulbous fruiting bodies that are provided with a peridia. However, their fruit bodies are real celistothecia and not, as with real truffles, structures derived from apothecia . Their spores are prickly and round and are brown to purple-brown in color.

Ecology and occurrence

Deer truffles are mycorrhizal fungi that enter into a symbiosis with different tree species. However, the visible deer truffles are only the fruiting bodies of the mushroom mycelium, which grows all year round. In contrast to the fruiting bodies of other mushroom species that only grow seasonally (especially in autumn) above ground, the fruiting bodies of deer truffles grow all year round. They are mostly inedible for humans, but pigs, deer and roe deer like to track down and eat them. Since the deer truffles store high amounts of ¹³⁷ Cs, a high proportion of this radioactive metal has also been found in wild boar meat. Wild boars are the only game species in which the ¹³⁷ Cs contamination has stagnated at a relatively high level in some areas of the Federal Republic since the Chernobyl accident . Many species are common but are rarely found due to their hidden way of life. Some species are parasitized by types of core lobes . All types of core legs that parasitize deer truffles have recently been separated from the original Cordyceps genus and placed in a separate genus ( Elaphocordyceps ).

Club of tongue kernel ( Elaphocordyceps ophioglossoides ) on deer truffle

Systematics

The deer truffles are a relatively isolated group and are not closely related to the real truffles . According to Lumbsch and Huhndorf, deer truffles belong to the family of deer truffle relatives within the Eurotiales . Some authors even place them in a separate subclass (Elaphomycetidae). Assumptions that the widespread mycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum could be the anamorphic species of deer truffle turned out to be incorrect.

European species

• Elaphomyces aculeatus
• Elaphomyces anthracinus
• Elaphomyces citrinus
• Elaphomyces cyanosporus
• Elaphomyces decipiens
• Small deer truffle ( Elaphomyces granulatus )
• Elaphomyces japonicus
• Elaphomyces leveillei
• Elaphomyces morettii
• Prickly Deer Truffle ( Elaphomyces muricatus )
• Elaphomyces mutabilis
• Elaphomyces officinalis
• Elaphomyces persoonii
• Elaphomyces variegatus
• Elaphomyces virgatosporus
• Elaphomyces viridiseptum

use

At the end of the 19th century, dried deer truffles were sold under the name "Hirschbrunst". The truffles were used by farmers as a "jumping aid" for cattle.

literature

• Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms (The reliable nature guide). 4th edition. Verlag BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-8354-0053-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/names.asp?strGenus=Elaphomyces Index Fungorum
2. ↑ Heinrich Dörfelt (ed.): Lexicon of mycology. Fischer, Stuttgart / New York 1988; ISBN 3-437-20413-0
3. ↑ Causes of the persistently high Cs-137 contamination of wild boars in some areas of Germany: deer truffles
4. ↑ Sung, Gi-Ho, Hywel-Jones, Nigel L., Sung, Jae-Mo, Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer, Shrestha, Bhushan, Spatafora, Joseph W .: Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi In: Stud Mycol 2007 57: 5-59, Paper Online
5. ↑ Lumbsch, HT and SM Huhndorf (ed.) 2007. Outline of Ascomycota - 2007 . Myconet 13: 1 - 58. (online html)
6. ↑ David, CD2002. A Preliminary Catalog of the Names of Fungi above the Rank of Order. Constancea 83, 2002
7. ↑ Katherine F. LoBuglio, Mary L. Berbee, John W. Taylor: Phylogenetic Origins of the Asexual Mycorrhizal Symbiont Cenococcum geophilum Fr. and Other Mycorrhizal Fungi among the Ascomycetes . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6 (2), 1996, pp. 287-294.
8. ^ Hirschbrunst ( Memento from January 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In: Adolf Beythien, Ernst Dressler (Ed.): Merck's Lexicon of Goods for Trade, Industry and Commerce. 7th edition. Gloeckner, Leipzig 1920 (reprint: Manuscriptum, Recklinghausen 1996, ISBN 3-933497-13-2 ).

Web links

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