Pyrenulales

Pyrenulales
Pyrenula pseudobufonia
Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Eurotiomycetes Subclass : Chaetothyriomycetidae Order : Pyrenulales
Scientific name
Pyrenulales
Fink ex D. Hawksw. & OE Erikss.

The Pyrenulales are an order of mostly lichen-forming hose fungi .

features

The lichen-forming species have a thin thallus that is hidden in the substrate or grows on the surface. The thallus shape is usually simpler than many other lichens. There are no special units for vegetative reproduction such as isidia or soredia .

The fruiting body is a perithecium , which is provided with an ostiole as an opening. The Hamathecium consists of pseudoparaphyses , in Pyrenulaceae and Requlichenaceae of paraphyses . The asci are bitunicate, the spores are colorless to brown.

Way of life

The Pyrenulales are predominantly lichens that are associated exclusively with the green algae of the Trentepohliaceae family , which are also responsible for the frequent orange color. Some representatives of the Requienellaceae are not lichenized.

distribution

The order occurs predominantly in the tropics, some representatives also occur in the forests of the temperate latitudes. The lichens mainly grow on tree bark. The non-lichen-forming species live on tree bark, leaves and wood.

Systematics

External system

The Pyrenulales belong to the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae and are a natural related group, a monophyletic taxon. The subclass cladogram looks like this:

	Chaetothyriales      Verrucariales      Pyrenulales

Internal system

Eriksson divides the order into four families:

• Monoblastiaceae with 3 genera
  • Acrocordia
  • Anisomeridium
  • Monoblastia

• Pyrenulaceae with 15 genera
  • Pyrenula
  • Pyrgillus
  • Sulcopyrenula

• Requienellaceae with two genera
  • Mauritiana
  • Requienella

• Trypetheliaceae with 10 genera

• Pyrenulales incertae sedis
  • Asteroporum
  • Blastodesmia
  • Celothelium
  • Heufleridium
  • Micromma
  • Mycoporum
  • Porodothion
  • Porothelium
  • Rhaphidicyrtis
  • Stromatothelium
  • Xenus

The largest genera are Anisomeridium and Pyrenula with over 100 species each.

The Requienellaceae belong to current molecular biological findings to the Xylariales .

literature

• David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1053-1064.

Web links

Commons : Pyrenulales  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ David M. Geiser et al .: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae , 2006.
2. ^ OE Eriksson (Ed.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet , Volume 12, 2006, pp. 1-82. (online html)
3. ↑ WM Jaklitsch, A. Gardiennet, H. Voglmayr: Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria . In: Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi . doi : 10.3767 / 003158516x690475 .