Prothrombin time and Castlevania Judgment: Difference between pages

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{{futuregame}}
The '''prothrombin time''' ('''PT''') and its derived measures of '''prothrombin ratio''' ('''PR''') and '''international normalized ratio''' ('''INR''') are measures of the ''extrinsic pathway'' of [[coagulation]]. They are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in the measure of [[warfarin]] dosage, liver damage, and [[vitamin K]] status. The [[reference range]] for prothrombin time is usually around 12–15 seconds; the normal range for the INR is 0.8–1.2. PT measures factors [[thrombin|II]], V, VII, X and [[fibrinogen]]. It is used in conjunction with the [[partial thromboplastin time|activated partial thromboplastin time]] (aPTT) which measures the ''intrinsic pathway''.
{{Infobox VG
|title=Castlevania Judgment
|image = [[Image:Castlevania Judgement.jpg|252px]]
|caption =
|developer = [[Konami]]
|publisher = Konami
|series = [[Castlevania]]
|designer = [[Koji Igarashi]] (''producer'')<ref name="announce">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-01|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/885/885501p1.html|title=''Konami Announces ''Castlevania Judgment'' for Wii.|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref><br>[[Takeshi Obata]] (''character designer'')
|engine =
|picture format=
|released = {{Vgrelease|[[North America|NA]]|November 18, 2008}}<ref name="cv-j_release-date_na">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-31|url=http://wii.ign.com/objects/142/14262760.html|title=Release date at IGN|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-31}}</ref><br>{{Vgrelease|[[Europe|EU]]|1st half 2009}}<ref name="cv-j_release-date_eu">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-09|url=http://www.voltagepr.com/product.asp?i=1048|title=''Konami Digital Entertainment GmbH'' brings its legendary Castlevania® series to Nintendo Wii in all-new action guise.|publisher=Voltage PR|accessdate=2008-07-17}}</ref><br>{{Vgrelease|[[Japan|JP]]|TBA}}
|genre = [[Fighting game]]
|modes = [[Single-player]], [[Multi-player]]
|ratings = {{vgratings|CERO=B|ESRB=Teen}}
|resolution = [[480p]]
|platforms = [[Wii]]
|media = [[Nintendo optical disc|Wii optical disc]]
|requirements =
|input = [[Wii Remote]] and [[Wii Remote#Nunchuk|Nunchuk]]
}}


'''''Castlevania Judgment''''' is a 3D [[fighting game|fighting]] [[video game]] currently in development by [[Konami]] exclusively for the [[Wii]] console. The game is based on the ''[[Castlevania]]'' series of games, and will be the series' first [[fighting game]].<ref name="announce">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-01|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/885/885501p1.html|title=''Konami Announces ''Castlevania Judgment'' for Wii.|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref>
==Laboratory measurement==
===Methodology===
The prothrombin time is most commonly measured using [[blood plasma]]. Blood is drawn into a [[test tube]] containing liquid [[citrate]], which acts as an anticoagulant by binding the calcium in a sample. The blood is mixed, then centrifuged to separate blood cells from plasma. In [[newborn]]s, whole blood is used.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}


==Gameplay==
The plasma is analyzed by a [[medical technologist]] on an automated instrument at 37°C, which takes a sample of the plasma. An excess of calcium is added (thereby reversing the effects of citrate), which enables the blood to clot again. For an accurate measurement the proportion of blood to citrate needs to be fixed; many laboratories will not perform the assay if the tube is underfilled and contains a relatively high concentration of citrate. This is because [[Vacutainer]] test tubes generally contain a powdered anticoagulant to prevent blood from clotting. For the prothrombin time test the appropriate sample is the blue top tube, or citrate tube, which is a liquid anticoagulant. Just as adding solvent to any solution will dilute it, adding liquid anticoagulant to blood will dilute it. This dilution will cause a falsely long prothrombin time. So, all analysis takes this dilution into account by multiplying the result by 1.1 to account for the dilution. If a tube is underfilled or overfilled with blood, the standardized dilution of 1.1 is no longer valid.
[[Image:Castlevania Judgment screenshot.jpg|252px|left|thumb|[[Simon Belmont]] versus [[Alucard (Castlevania)|Alucard]]]]
The game will feature 3D environments, and will utilize the motion-sensing controls of the [[Wii]]'s two part controller.<ref name="announce">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-01|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/885/885501p1.html|title=''Konami Announces ''Castlevania Judgment'' for Wii.|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref> The Wii remote will be utilized for all attacks, including basic attacks, "sub-weapons" and weapon attacks, by swinging the remote, and the Nunchuck will be used to move the character around the stage and for defensive moves.<ref name="E3pre"/> Players will move freely around a stage, similar to the game ''[[Power Stone]]''.<ref name="E3pre"/><ref name="E3"/>


Each character will utilize different weapons and different types of weapons that will be available depending on the stage and interactive environment of the stage; also, they can set traps or use monsters in the stage to attack one another.<ref name="announce">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-01|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/885/885501p1.html|title=''Konami Announces ''Castlevania Judgment'' for Wii.|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref><ref name="E3pre"/> Summons will be available in combat, some of which can be caused by items.<ref name="E3pre"/> It is not official whether items such as armor can be equipped to characters.<ref name="E3pre"/> Players will be able to make use of the [[Nintendo Wi-Fi]] connection to play against each other, and can connect with the [[Nintendo DS]] game [[Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia]] to unlock bonus content in both games.<ref name="announce">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-01|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/885/885501p1.html|title=''Konami Announces ''Castlevania Judgment'' for Wii.|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref><ref name="E3"/> Announced stages included "throne room" and "old monastery", but others will include a village full of [[undead]], caves, a torture chamber of some kind, and a port.<ref name="E3pre"/><ref name="E3"/> Players will have to pick an "alignment" color when they choose their character, but is of undetermined purpose at the moment.<ref name="E3"/>
[[Tissue factor]] (also known as ''factor III'' or ''thromboplastin'') is added, and the time the sample takes to clot is measured optically. Some laboratories use a mechanical measurement, which eliminates interferences from lipemic and icteric samples.


==Plot==
The prothrombin ratio is the prothrombin time for a patient, divided by the result for control plasma.
Like most traditional fighting games, there will be a story surrounding each character.<ref name="E3pre"/>


===Characters===
===International normalized ratio===
<!-- do not add characters until they have been confirmed on the official website, or by an reliable source -->
Because of differences between different batches and manufacturers of tissue factor (it is a biologically obtained product), the INR was devised to standardize the results.
* [[Simon Belmont]]
* [[Dracula (Castlevania)|Dracula]]
* [[List of Castlevania characters#Death|Death]]
* [[Alucard (Castlevania)|Alucard]]
* [[List of Castlevania characters#Eric Lecarde|Eric Lecarde]]
* [[List of Castlevania characters#Carmilla|Carmilla]]
* [[List of Castlevania characters#Maria Renard (1792, 1797)|Maria]]
* [[Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia|Shanoa]]
* Minotaur <ref> [[http://www.gametrailers.com/player/41352.html]] <ref/>
* Aeon


The characters will span the Castlevania franchise's history.<ref name="announce">{{cite web|date = 2008-07-01|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/885/885501p1.html|title=''Konami Announces ''Castlevania Judgment'' for Wii.|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref> There are currently 14 known characters. As of the game's announcement, six were confirmed: Simon Belmont, Dracula, Death, Alucard, Maria and Shanoa.<ref name="characters">{{cite web|author=Bryn Williams|date = 2008-07-15|url=http://wii.gamespy.com/wii/castlevania-judgment/887591p1.html|title=GameSpy: Castlevania Judgement preview|publisher=[[GameSpy]]|accessdate=2008-07-20}}</ref> Other playable characters include recurring enemies and bosses of the ''Castlevania'' franchise, <ref name="E3"/> and a new exclusive character named Aeon.{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
Each manufacturer gives an ISI (International Sensitivity Index) for any tissue factor they make. The ISI value indicates how the particular batch of tissue factor compares to an internationally standardized sample. The ISI is usually between 1.0 and 1.4.


==Development==
The INR is the ratio of a patient's prothrombin time to a normal (control) sample, raised to the power of the ISI value for the control sample used.
Konami registered a game called ''Castlevania Judgement'' with the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] on April 11th, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|author=|date = 2008-07-01|url=http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry=77446112|title=Latest Status Info|publisher=[[United States Patent and Trademark Office]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref> The games lead designer, Koji Igarashi, began planning to bring a Castlevania game to the [[Wii]], and wanted to utilize the motion sensing controllers. To do so in a prolonged adventure story, however, would have been very tiring, since much of the game involves whipping and swinging. But in an action setting, the swinging motion would be broken up with resting intervals and be more enjoyable.<ref name="E3pre">{{cite web|author=Bozon|date = 2008-07-11|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/888/888661p1.html|title=Pre-E3 2008: Interview With Iga|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-11}}</ref> The games focus and theme of the game is creating the Gothic feel of the franchise.<ref name="E3pre"/> Igarashi has described the process of developing multiplayer combat as a somewhat challenging task.<ref name="E3pre"/>
The design team has worked on the games graphics, especially in-game textures, with some of the designers of [[Elebits]] and [[Dewy's Adventure]], who have joined Igarashi's development team.<ref name="E3pre"/>


==Reception==
:<math>
Initial reaction to the announcement that the game would be a fighting game was received by some with shock and skepticism.<ref name="E3"/> [[IGN]]s initial viewing of the pre-[[E3]] build of the game made their reviewers conclude the game has promise.<ref name="E3">{{cite web|author=Bozon|date = 2008-07-11|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/888/888655p1.html|title=Pre-E3 2008: Hands-on Castlevania Judgment|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2008-07-13}}</ref> However, a point harshly criticised by an editor of gaming website Kombo.com was [[Takeshi Obata]]'s character design; Obata's work was perceived as derivative and inadequate, as the characters looked more similar to those from Obata's work on ''[[Death Note]]'' than their previous appearances in the ''Castlevania'' series.<ref name="character designs">{{cite web|author=David Oxford|date = 2008-06-27|url=http://wii.kombo.com/article.php?artid=12149|title=Passing Judgment on Wii's Castlevania |publisher=Kombo|accessdate=2008-07-17}}</ref>
\text{INR}= \left(\frac{\text{PT}_\text{test}}{\text{PT}_\text{normal}}\right)^\text{ISI}
</math>


== References ==
===Interpretation===
{{reflist}}
The prothrombin time is the time it takes [[blood plasma|plasma]] to clot after addition of [[tissue factor]] (obtained from animals). This measures the quality of the ''extrinsic pathway'' (as well as the ''common pathway'') of [[coagulation]].


==External links==
The speed of the ''extrinsic pathway'' is greatly affected by levels of [[factor VII]] in the body. Factor VII has a short [[half-life]] and its synthesis requires [[vitamin K]]. The prothrombin time can be prolonged as a result of deficiencies in vitamin K, which can be caused by [[warfarin]], [[malabsorption]], or lack of intestinal colonization by bacteria (such as in [[newborn]]s). In addition, poor factor VII synthesis (due to [[liver disease]]) or increased consumption (in [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]]) may prolong the PT.
*[http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/dracula_wii Official Japanese Site]
*[http://wii.ign.com/objects/142/14262760.html Castlevania Judgment] at IGN.com
*[http://wii.gamespy.com/wii/castlevania-judgment/ Castlevania Judgment] at GameSpy.com
*[http://www.worthplaying.com/article.php?sid=54067 Castlevania Judgment Preview] at WorthPlaying.com


{{Castlevania series}}
A high INR level such as INR=5 indicates that there is a high chance of bleeding, whereas if the INR=0.5 then there is a high chance of having a clot. Normal range for a healthy person is 0.9–1.3, and for people on warfarin therapy, 2.0–3.0, although the target INR may be higher in particular situations, such as [[artificial heart valve|mechanical heart valves]].


[[Category:2008 video games]]
===Factors determining accuracy===
[[Category:Castlevania games|Judgement]]
[[Lupus anticoagulant]], a circulating inhibitor predisposing for thrombosis, may skew PT results, depending on the assay used.<ref>Della Valle P, Crippa L, Garlando AM, Pattarini E, Safa O, Vigano D'Angelo S, D'Angelo A. Interference of lupus anticoagulants in prothrombin time assays: implications for selection of adequate methods to optimize the management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome. ''Haematologica'' 1999;84:1065-74. PMID 10586206.</ref> Variations between various thromboplastin preparations have in the past led to decreased accuracy of INR readings, and a 2005 study suggested that despite international calibration efforts (by INR) there were still statistically significant differences between various kits,<ref>Horsti J, Uppa H, Vilpo JA. Poor agreement among prothrombin time international normalized ratio methods: comparison of seven commercial reagents. ''Clin Chem'' 2005;51:553-60. PMID 15665046.</ref> casting doubt on the long-term tenability of PT/INR as a measure for anticoagulant therapy.<ref name=Jackson>Jackson CM, Esnouf MP. Has the time arrived to replace the quick prothrombin time test for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy? ''Clin Chem'' 2005;51:483-5. PMID 15738512.</ref>
[[Category:Fighting games]]
[[Category:Wii-only games]]
[[Category:Wii games]]


[[sv:Castlevania: Judgement]]
==Statistics==
An estimated 800 million PT/INR assays are performed annually worldwide.<ref name=Jackson/>

==Near-patient testing==
In addition to the laboratory method outlined above, near-patient testing (NPT) or home INR monitoring is becoming increasingly common in some countries. In the [[United Kingdom]], for example, near-patient testing is used both by patients at home, and by some anticoagulation clinics (often hospital-based) as a fast and convenient alternative to the lab method. After a period of doubt about the accuracy of NPT results, a new generation of machines and reagents seems to be gaining acceptance for its ability to deliver results close in accuracy to those of the lab.<ref>Poller L, Keown M, Chauhan N, Van Den Besselaar AM, Tripodi A, Shiach C, Jespersen J; ECCA Steering Group Members. European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation. Correction of displayed international normalized ratio on two point-of-care test whole-blood prothrombin time monitors (CoaguChek Mini and TAS PT-NC) by independent international sensitivity index calibration. ''Br J Haematol'' 2003;122:944-9. PMID 12956765.</ref>

In a typical NPT setup a small table-top device is used; for example the [[Hoffmann-La Roche|Roche]] Coaguchek S, or the more recently (2005) introduced HemoSense INRatio. A drop of capillary blood is obtained with an automated finger-prick, which is almost painless. This drop is placed on a disposable test strip with which the machine has been prepared. The resulting INR comes up on the display a few seconds later. Similar testing methods are used by [[diabetes mellitus|diabetics]] on [[insulin]], and are easily taught and practiced.

Local policy determines whether the patient or a coagulation specialist (nurse, general practitioner or hospital doctor) interprets the result and determines the dose of medication. In Germany, patients may adjust the medication dose themselves,{{Fact|date=February 2007}} while in the UK and the USA this remains in the hands of a health care professional.

The advantages of the NPT approach are obvious: it is fast and convenient, usually less painful, and offers, in home use, the ability for patients to measure their own INRs when required. Among its problems are that quite a steady hand is needed to deliver the blood to the exact spot, that some patients find the finger-pricking difficult, and that the cost of the test strips must also be taken into account. In the UK these are available on prescription so that elderly and unwaged people will not pay for them and others will pay only a standard prescription charge, which at the moment represents only about 20% of the retail price of the strips. In the USA, NPT in the home is currently reimbursed by [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] for patients with mechanical heart valves, while private insurers may cover for other indications.

There is some evidence to suggest that NPT may be less accurate for certain patients, for example those who have the [[lupus anticoagulant]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

===Guidelines for near-patient testing or home INR monitoring===
International guidelines were published in 2005 to govern home monitoring of oral anticoagulation by the International Self-Monitoring Association for Oral Anticoagulation.<ref>{{cite journal| title=Guidelines for implementation of patient self-testing and patient self-management of oral anticoagulation. International consensus guidelines prepared by International Self-Monitoring Association for Oral Anticoagulation| author=Jack Ansell| journal=International Journal of Cardiology| date=10 March 2005| url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T16-4CVR7GB-2&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F10%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=31d380c38e3d5afdba3f7dbb04e8b5b7 }}</ref>
The international guidelines study stated, “The consensus agrees that patient self-testing and patient self-management are effective methods of monitoring oral anticoagulation therapy, providing outcomes at least as good as, and possibly better than, those achieved with an anticoagulation clinic. All patients must be appropriately selected and trained. Currently available self-testing/self-management devices give INR results which are comparable with those obtained in laboratory testing.”

Medicare coverage for home testing of INR has been expanded in order to allow more people access to home testing of INR in the USA. The release on the 19th March 2008 said, “[t]he Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) expanded Medicare coverage for home blood testing of prothrombin time (PT) International Normalized Ratio (INR) to include beneficiaries who are using the drug warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) medication, for chronic atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism.” In addition, “[t]hose Medicare beneficiaries and their physicians managing conditions related to chronic atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism will benefit greatly through the use of the home test.”<ref>{{cite web | title= Medicare expands coverage for home blood testing of prothrombin time international normalized ratio| publisher= The [[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]] | date= 19 March 2008| url= http://www.cms.hhs.gov/apps/media/press/release.asp?Counter=2987 }}</ref>

==History==
The prothrombin time was discovered by Dr Armand Quick and colleagues in 1935,<ref>Quick AJ, Stanley-Brown M, Bancroft FW. A study of the coagulation defect in hemophilia and in jaundice. ''Am J Med Sc 1935;190:501.</ref> and a second method was published by Dr Paul Owren<ref>Owren PA, Aas K. The control of dicumarol therapy and the quantitative determination of prothrombin and proconvertin. ''Scand J Clin Lab Invest'' 1951;3:201-8. PMID 14900966.</ref> (also called the "p and p" or "prothrombin and proconvertin" method). It aided in the identification of the [[anticoagulant]]s [[dicumarol]] and [[warfarin]],<ref>Campbell HA, Smith WK, Roberts WL, Link KP. Studies on the hemorrhagic sweet clover disease. II. The bioassay of hemorrhagic concentrates by following the prothrombin level in the plasma of rabbit blood. ''J Biol Chem'' 1941;138:1-20.</ref> and was used subsequently as a measure of activity for warfarin when used therapeutically.

The INR was introduced in the early 1980s when it turned out that there was a large degree of variation between the various prothrombin time assays, a discrepancy mainly due to problems with the purity of the thromboplastin (tissue factor) concentrate.<ref>Hirsh J, Bates SM. Clinical trials that have influenced the treatment of venous thromboembolism: a historical perspective. ''Ann Intern Med'' 2001;134:409-17. PMID 11242501.</ref> The INR became widely accepted worldwide, especially after endorsement by the [[World Health Organisation]].<ref>Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Requirements for thromboplastins and plasma used to control oral anticoagulant therapy. ''World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser'' 1983;33:81-105.<!--Not indexed on PubMed--></ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Blood tests]]

[[de:Quickwert]]
[[fr:Taux de prothrombine]]
[[it:Tempo di protrombina]]
[[nl:International Normalized Ratio]]
[[ja:プロトロンビン時間]]
[[no:Internasjonalt normalisert ratio]]
[[pl:Czas protrombinowy]]
[[pt:Tempo de protrombina]]

Revision as of 08:01, 11 October 2008

Template:Futuregame

Castlevania Judgment
Developer(s)Konami
Publisher(s)Konami
Designer(s)Koji Igarashi (producer)[3]
Takeshi Obata (character designer)
SeriesCastlevania
Platform(s)Wii
Release
  • NA: November 18, 2008
[1]
  • EU: 1st half 2009
[2]
Genre(s)Fighting game
Mode(s)Single-player, Multi-player

Castlevania Judgment is a 3D fighting video game currently in development by Konami exclusively for the Wii console. The game is based on the Castlevania series of games, and will be the series' first fighting game.[3]

Gameplay

Simon Belmont versus Alucard

The game will feature 3D environments, and will utilize the motion-sensing controls of the Wii's two part controller.[3] The Wii remote will be utilized for all attacks, including basic attacks, "sub-weapons" and weapon attacks, by swinging the remote, and the Nunchuck will be used to move the character around the stage and for defensive moves.[4] Players will move freely around a stage, similar to the game Power Stone.[4][5]

Each character will utilize different weapons and different types of weapons that will be available depending on the stage and interactive environment of the stage; also, they can set traps or use monsters in the stage to attack one another.[3][4] Summons will be available in combat, some of which can be caused by items.[4] It is not official whether items such as armor can be equipped to characters.[4] Players will be able to make use of the Nintendo Wi-Fi connection to play against each other, and can connect with the Nintendo DS game Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia to unlock bonus content in both games.[3][5] Announced stages included "throne room" and "old monastery", but others will include a village full of undead, caves, a torture chamber of some kind, and a port.[4][5] Players will have to pick an "alignment" color when they choose their character, but is of undetermined purpose at the moment.[5]

Plot

Like most traditional fighting games, there will be a story surrounding each character.[4]

Characters

Development

Konami registered a game called Castlevania Judgement with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on April 11th, 2008.[7] The games lead designer, Koji Igarashi, began planning to bring a Castlevania game to the Wii, and wanted to utilize the motion sensing controllers. To do so in a prolonged adventure story, however, would have been very tiring, since much of the game involves whipping and swinging. But in an action setting, the swinging motion would be broken up with resting intervals and be more enjoyable.[4] The games focus and theme of the game is creating the Gothic feel of the franchise.[4] Igarashi has described the process of developing multiplayer combat as a somewhat challenging task.[4] The design team has worked on the games graphics, especially in-game textures, with some of the designers of Elebits and Dewy's Adventure, who have joined Igarashi's development team.[4]

Reception

Initial reaction to the announcement that the game would be a fighting game was received by some with shock and skepticism.[5] IGNs initial viewing of the pre-E3 build of the game made their reviewers conclude the game has promise.[5] However, a point harshly criticised by an editor of gaming website Kombo.com was Takeshi Obata's character design; Obata's work was perceived as derivative and inadequate, as the characters looked more similar to those from Obata's work on Death Note than their previous appearances in the Castlevania series.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Release date at IGN". IGN. 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  2. ^ "Konami Digital Entertainment GmbH brings its legendary Castlevania® series to Nintendo Wii in all-new action guise". Voltage PR. 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Konami Announces Castlevania Judgment for Wii". IGN. 2008-07-01. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bozon (2008-07-11). "Pre-E3 2008: Interview With Iga". IGN. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Bozon (2008-07-11). "Pre-E3 2008: Hands-on Castlevania Judgment". IGN. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  6. ^ Bryn Williams (2008-07-15). "GameSpy: Castlevania Judgement preview". GameSpy. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
  7. ^ "Latest Status Info". United States Patent and Trademark Office. 2008-07-01. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  8. ^ David Oxford (2008-06-27). "Passing Judgment on Wii's Castlevania". Kombo. Retrieved 2008-07-17.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prothrombin_time&oldid=244531670"