Isham G. Harris and List of governors of Bombay Presidency: Difference between pages

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The city of [[Mumbai]], formerly known as Bombay was attained by the [[British East India Company]] in 1664. In 1668, Sir [[George Oxeden]] became the first governor of the city as the headquarters was moved from [[Surat]]. The city was then an archipelago of small islands, forming a small coastal enclave on [[India]]'s west coast. After subsequent expansions into the hinterland, the post of the governor became more important with more territory to govern. In 1862, the British Crown took formal possession of the territory. Subsequently the territory became the [[Bombay Presidency]].
{{Infobox Officeholder
|name= Isham G. Harris
|image=Isham_Harris.jpg
|order=18th
|office=Governor of Tennessee
|term_start=[[November 3]], [[1857]]
|term_end=1862
|lieutenant= John C. Burch (1857-1859)<br/> Tazewell W. Newman (1859-1861)<br/>B.L. Stovall (1861)<br/>Edward S. Cheatham (1861-1862)
|predecessor= [[Andrew Johnson]]
|successor= [[Andrew Johnson]] (Military Governor)
|order2=[[United States Senator]]<br/>from [[Tennessee]]
|term_start2=[[March 4]], [[1877]]
|term_end2=[[July 8]], [[1897]]
|predecessor2=[[Henry Cooper (U.S. Senator)|Henry Cooper]]
|successor2=[[Thomas B. Turley]]
|birth_date=[[February 10]], [[1818]]
|birth_place= [[Tullahoma, Tennessee]]
|death_date=[[July 8]], [[1897]] (aged {{age |1818|02|10|1897|07|08}})
|death_place=[[Washington, D.C.]]
|spouse=
|profession=
|party= [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
}}
'''Isham Green Harris''' ([[February 10]], [[1818]]{{ndash}} [[July 8]], [[1897]]) was an [[Politics of the United States|American politician]]. He served as [[Governor of Tennessee]] from 1857 to 1862 and as a [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from 1877 until his death.


After India's independence in 1947, the territory was renamed as [[Bombay State]]. After the state of [[Maharashtra]] was carved out on [[1 May]], [[1960]], the post was abolished and it became known as [[Governor of Maharashtra]].
As governor, his decision not to respond to [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s request for troops to quell the secession of the Southern states helped make Tennessee the last state to join the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]. During the [[American Civil War]], Harris served as staff officer in the [[Confederate Army]].


==British East India Company==
Following the defeat of the CSA, Harris fled to [[Mexico]], but returned to Memphis after learning most Confederate officials were not being prosecuted for [[treason]]. He was subsequently elected to four terms in the [[United States Senate]] and served as its [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]].
Governor of Bombay under the [[British East India Company]] (1664 &ndash; 1862)


{| class="wikitable"
==Early life==
! Name
Harris was born near [[Tullahoma, Tennessee|Tullahoma]], [[Tennessee]]. He was educated at Winchester Academy in [[Winchester, Tennessee]]. He moved to [[Paris, Tennessee]], to become a store clerk. He studied law while there and was admitted to the [[Bar (law)|bar]] in 1841 and began his practice in Paris.
! Assumed office
! Left office
|-
|[[Abraham Shipman]]
|19 March 1662
|October 1664
|-
|[[Humphrey Cooke]]
|February 1665
|5 November 1666
|-
|[[Gervase Lucas|Sir Gervase Lucas]]
|5 November 1666
|21 May 1667
|-
|[[Captain Henry Gary]]
|22 May 1667
|23 September 1668 (''Officiating'')
|-
|[[Sir George Oxeden]]
|23 September 1668
|14 July 1669
|-
|[[Gerald Aungier]]
|14 July 1669
|30 June 1677
|-
|[[Thomas Rolt]]
|30 June 1677
|1681
|-
|[[Sir John Child, 1st Baronet]]
|27 October 1681
|27 December 1683
|-
|[[Captain Richard Kergwin]]
|27 December 1683
|19 November 1684
|-
|[[Sir John Wyborne]]
|1686
|February 4, 1690
|-
|[[Bartholomew Harris]]
|February 4, 1690
|10 May 1694
|-
|[[Daniel Annesley]]
|10 May 1694
|17 May 1694 (''Officiating'')
|-
|[[Sir John Gayer]]
|17 May 1694
|November 1704
|-
|[[Sir Nicholas Waite]]
|Nvember 1704
|September 1708
|}


*1708&ndash;1715: [[William Aislabie|The Hon. William Aislabie]]
==Early career==
*1715&ndash;1722: [[Charles Boone|The Hon. Charles Boone]]
He was elected to the [[Tennessee State Senate]] in 1847, serving one term there and then two in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]], from 1849 to 1853. During his first term in the House, he chaired the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]], he was his party's nominee for [[governor]] in 1857 and was elected, succeeding [[Andrew Johnson]].
*1722&ndash;1729: [[William Phipps|The Hon. William Phipps]]
*1729&ndash;1734: [[Robert Cowan|The Hon. Robert Cowan]]
*1734&ndash;1742: [[John Horne|The Hon. John Horne]]
*1742&ndash;1750: The Hon. William Wake<!-- NOT the same William Wake who was an archbishop in the CoE in the 17th century -->
*1750&ndash;1760: [[Richard Bourchier|The Hon. Richard Bourchier]]
*1760&ndash;1767: [[Charles Crommelin|The Hon. Charles Crommelin]]
*1767&ndash;1771: [[Thomas Hodges|The Hon. Thomas Hodges]]
*1771&ndash;1784: [[William Hornby|The Hon. William Hornby]]
[[Image:Epitaph of Rawson Hart Boddam.jpg|thumb|right|The [[epitaph]] of [[Rawson Hart Boddam|The Hon. Rawson Hart Boddam]] is in [[Bath Abbey]].]]
*1784&ndash;1788: [[Rawson Hart Boddam|The Hon. Rawson Hart Boddam]]
*1788&ndash;1790: [[William Medows|The Hon. Maj. Gen. Sir William Medows K. B.]]
*1790&ndash;1793: [[The Hon. Maj. Gen. Sir Robert Abercromby K. B.]]
*1793&ndash;1795: [[George Dick|The Hon. George Dick]]
*1795&ndash;1811: [[Jonathan Duncan]]
*1811&ndash;1812: [[G. Brown]]
*1812&ndash;1819: [[Evan Nepean|The Rt. Hon. Sir Evan Nepean, 1st Baronet]]
*1819&ndash;1827: [[Mountstuart Elphinstone|The Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone]]
*1827&ndash;1830: [[John Malcolm|Maj. Gen. Sir John Malcolm]]
*1830&ndash;1831: [[Thomas Sidney Beckwith|Lt. Gen. Sir Thomas Beckwith]]
*1831&ndash;1835: [[John FitzGibbon, 2nd Earl of Clare|The Rt. Hon. John FitzGibbon, 2nd Earl of Clare]]
*1835&ndash;1839: [[Robert Grant (politician)|Sir Robert Grant]]
*1839&ndash;1842: [[James Rivett-Carnac|Maj. Gen. Sir James Rivett-Carnac, 1st Baronet]]
*1842&ndash;1846: [[George Arthur|Lt. Gen. Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet]]
*1846&ndash;1847: [[Lestock Robert Reid]]
*1847&ndash;1848: [[George Russell Clerk|Sir George Clerk]]
*1848&ndash;1853: [[Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland|The Rt. Hon. Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland]]
*1853&ndash;1860: [[John Elphinstone, 13th Lord Elphinstone]]
*1860&ndash;1862: [[George Russell Clerk|Sir George Clerk]]


==Civil War period==
==Crown Governors==
(1862&ndash;1947)
Perhaps rather surprisingly given the troubled and volatile nature of the times, he was re-elected twice, in 1859 and 1861. When [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] declared that there was rebellion in the [[U.S. Southern states|South]] in 1861 and asked for troops to help quell it, Harris refused to make the call, and none were provided. This helped push Tennessee to become the last state to secede from the Union and join the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]].


*1862&ndash;1867: [[Henry Bartle Frere|Sir Henry Bartle Frere, 1st Baronet]]
The Confederate government had lost control of much of Tennessee, including the capital, [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], by early 1862. Apparently, upon learning that Lincoln had appointed Andrew Johnson as military governor of Tennessee, Harris, while not resigning formally, ceased to make any real effort to function as governor, serving instead as a staff officer in the [[Confederate States Army]], first for [[Albert Sidney Johnston]] and then for [[Joseph E. Johnston]].
*1867&ndash;1872: [[William Robert Seymour Vesey Fitzgerald|The Rt. Hon. Sir William Robert Seymour Vesey Fitzgerald]]
*1872&ndash;1877: [[Philip Edmond Wodehouse|Sir Philip E. Wodehouse]]
*1877&ndash;1880: [[Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet]]
*1880&ndash;1885: [[Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet]]
*1885&ndash;1890: [[Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay|The Rt. Hon. Sir Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay]]
*1890&ndash;1895: [[George Harris, 4th Baron Harris|The Rt. Hon. Sir George Harris, 4th Baron Harris]]
*1895&ndash;1900: [[William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst|The Rt. Hon. William Mansfield, Lord Sandhurst]]
*1900&ndash;1903: [[Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote|The Rt. Hon. Henry Northcote, Lord Northcote]]
*1903&ndash;1907: [[Charles Cochrane-Baillie|The Rt. Hon. Charles Cochrane-Baillie, Lord Lamington]]
*1907&ndash;1913: [[George Clarke (Victoria)|B. T. Col. Sir George S. Clarke]]
*1913&ndash;1918: [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|The Rt. Hon. Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Lord Willingdon of Ratton]]
*1918&ndash;1923: [[George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd|Sir George A. Lloyd]]
*1923&ndash;1928: [[Leslie Orme Wilson|The Rt. Hon. Sir Leslie Orme Wilson]]
*1928&ndash;1931: [[Frederick Sykes|The Rt. Hon. Maj. Gen. Sir Frederick Sykes]]
*1931: Sir [[John Ernest Buttery Hotson]] (Acting)
*1931&ndash;1937: [[Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne|The Rt. Hon. Michael Knatchbull, Lord Brabourne]]
*1937&ndash;1943: [[Lawrence Lumley, 11th Earl of Scarbrough|Sir Lawrence Roger Lumley]]
*1943&ndash;1947: [[John Colville, 1st Baron Clydesmuir|The Rt. Hon. Sir John Colville]]


==Post-war career==
==Post independence==
After Independence (1948&ndash;)
After the war, Harris fled with General [[Hylan B. Lyon]] and other Confederates to [[Mexico]], hoping to rally with [[Maximillian]]. Harris then sought refuge in [[England]]. Upon learning that only the highest-ranking officials of the Confederacy were being punished, and that it might be possible for all others to have their [[civil rights]] restored, he returned to Tennessee and resumed the practice of [[law]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]. He was subsequently elected to four terms in the U.S. Senate, serving from 1877 until his death, and is, as of 2004, Tennessee's second-longest serving Senator. From 1893 to 1895 ([[Fifty-third United States Congress|53rd Congress]]), Harris was [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]] of the Senate. Other Senate assignments in his career included chairing the [[District of Columbia]] Committee in the [[Forty-sixth United States Congress|46th Congress]] and the [[Fifty-third United States Congress|53rd Congress]], the Committee on Epidemic Diseases in the [[Forty-ninth United States Congress|49th Congress]] through the [[Fifty-second United States Congress|52nd Congress]], and the Committee on Private Land Claims in the [[Fifty-fourth United States Congress|54th]] and [[Fifty-fifth United States Congress|55th Congresses]].
*1948&ndash;1952: [[Raja Maharaj Singh]]
*1952&ndash;1954: [[Girija Shankar Bajpai]]
*1955&ndash;1956: [[Hare Krishna Mahtab]]
*1956&ndash;1960: [[Sri Prakasa]]


==Death and legacy==
==Primary sources==
*{{cite book
[[Image:Isham G. Harris - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|Isham G. Harris]]
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=toc#PRA1-PA125,M1
His funeral was held in the Senate chamber of the [[United States Capitol]] and he is buried at [[Elmwood Cemetery - Memphis, TN|Elmwood Cemetery]] in Memphis, where many prominent [[West Tennessee]] political figures are buried.
|author=Great Britain India Office
|title=The India List and India Office List
|volume=I
|year=1986
|publisher=Harrison
|pages=pp. 125-7
|year=1819
|accessdate=2008-10-09}}
*{{cite book
|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/history.html#40
|title=Greater Bombay District Gazetteer
|series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers
|pages=p. 597
|volume=I
|year=1986
|accessdate=2008-08-13
|publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]]
|ref=bom}}
*{{cite web
|url=http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/Bombay.html
|title=Governors of Bombay
|publisher=[[The Generations Network#RootsWeb.com|rootsweb]]
|accessdate=2008-10-10}}


{{Administrators of provinces in British India}}
==References==
{{CongBio|H000243}} Retrieved on [[2008-02-13]]


[[Category:Government of Mumbai]]
{{s-start}}
[[Category:Governors of Bombay|*]]
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Andrew Johnson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Governors of Tennessee|Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1857 – 1862}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Andrew Johnson]]'''<br/><small>''As Military Governor''</small>}}}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Charles F. Manderson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]|years=[[March 22]], [[1893]] – [[January 7]], [[1895]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Matt Whitaker Ransom]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Matt Whitaker Ransom]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]|years=[[January 10]], [[1895]] – [[March 3]], [[1895]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[William P. Frye]]}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Lucien Bonaparte Chase]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member from [[Tennessee's 9th congressional district]]|years=1849 – 1853}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Emerson Etheridge]]}}
{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henry Cooper (U.S. Senator)|Henry Cooper]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Tennessee|Senator from Tennessee (Class 2)]]|years=1877 – 1897|alongside=[[James E. Bailey]], [[Howell E. Jackson]],<br/> [[Washington C. Whitthorne]], [[William B. Bate]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas B. Turley]]}}
{{end}}
{{USSenPresProTemp}}
{{Governors of Tennessee}}
{{USSenTN}}


[[de:Liste der Gouverneure von Bombay]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, Isham Green}}
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1897 deaths]]
[[Category:Confederate Army officers]]
[[Category:Governors of Tennessee]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee]]
[[Category:Tennessee State Senators]]
[[Category:United States Senators from Tennessee]]
[[Category:People of Tennessee in the American Civil War]]

[[de:Isham G. Harris]]
[[sv:Isham G. Harris]]

Revision as of 13:59, 10 October 2008

The city of Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay was attained by the British East India Company in 1664. In 1668, Sir George Oxeden became the first governor of the city as the headquarters was moved from Surat. The city was then an archipelago of small islands, forming a small coastal enclave on India's west coast. After subsequent expansions into the hinterland, the post of the governor became more important with more territory to govern. In 1862, the British Crown took formal possession of the territory. Subsequently the territory became the Bombay Presidency.

After India's independence in 1947, the territory was renamed as Bombay State. After the state of Maharashtra was carved out on 1 May, 1960, the post was abolished and it became known as Governor of Maharashtra.

British East India Company

Governor of Bombay under the British East India Company (1664 – 1862)

Name Assumed office Left office
Abraham Shipman 19 March 1662 October 1664
Humphrey Cooke February 1665 5 November 1666
Sir Gervase Lucas 5 November 1666 21 May 1667
Captain Henry Gary 22 May 1667 23 September 1668 (Officiating)
Sir George Oxeden 23 September 1668 14 July 1669
Gerald Aungier 14 July 1669 30 June 1677
Thomas Rolt 30 June 1677 1681
Sir John Child, 1st Baronet 27 October 1681 27 December 1683
Captain Richard Kergwin 27 December 1683 19 November 1684
Sir John Wyborne 1686 February 4, 1690
Bartholomew Harris February 4, 1690 10 May 1694
Daniel Annesley 10 May 1694 17 May 1694 (Officiating)
Sir John Gayer 17 May 1694 November 1704
Sir Nicholas Waite Nvember 1704 September 1708
The epitaph of The Hon. Rawson Hart Boddam is in Bath Abbey.

Crown Governors

(1862–1947)

Post independence

After Independence (1948–)

Primary sources

  • Great Britain India Office (1819). The India List and India Office List. Vol. I. Harrison. pp. pp. 125-7. Retrieved 2008-10-09. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  • Greater Bombay District Gazetteer. Maharashtra State Gazetteers. Vol. I. Government of Maharashtra. 1986. pp. p. 597. Retrieved 2008-08-13. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  • "Governors of Bombay". rootsweb. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
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