Public service (Austria)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In Austria, the term public service is understood to mean the field of activity of civil servants and other persons employed under public law (such as judges , soldiers and trainee lawyers ) and employees (employees of public corporations , institutions or foundations ). The employment relationship of persons working in the public service is called employment relationship .

The majority of public services in Austria are provided by employees of a regional authority, i.e. by federal, state or municipal employees. Their entirety is commonly referred to as the public service. In addition to the regional authorities (federal government, states and municipalities), the state sector also includes social security agencies, the chambers and around 400 institutions with their own legal personality (AG, GmbH, clubs, institutions, universities, universities of applied sciences, funds, associations).

Staff levels of the local authorities
Federation 134,569
countries 143.205
Communities 74,652
total 352.426

The nine federal states had 143,205 employees, and the 2,100 municipalities (excluding Vienna, as of 2016) had around 75,000 employees. In addition, around 91,3001 employees were employed in state hospitals and around 8,600 in other, outsourced departments

People in the civil service (civil servants) are divided into the following two groups:

  • Civil servants - employment relationship based on an act of sovereignty (notification) according to their own civil servant law (public service relationship) ,
  • Contract employees - employees with an employment contract ( contractual employment relationship , "employees" of state institutions as private employers).

In the labor market statistics, public employees are counted together with employees in a group, since, unlike blue-collar workers, they are not calculated on an hourly or comparable basis. In terms of social law, they have their own social insurance, the Insurance Company for Public Employees, Railways and Mining (BVAEB). Federal contract employees whose employment relationship was established after December 31, 1998, and contractual employees of the federal states, municipal associations and municipalities whose employment relationship was established after December 31, 2000, are also insured through the BVAEB.

There are around 733,300 public employees in Austria. This is the total number of public employees (government sector according to ESA 2010). [13] This also includes, for example, the public affairs outsourced to private-sector organizations (state-owned companies), the public social security agencies and the chambers, which are each internationally classified as part of the public service (OECD system) (OECD system).

In Austria the share of public employees in the labor force is 15.9%. Austria was thus below the average of the OECD member states of 18.1%.

In terms of the median (EUR 47,627), the incomes of all public employees (federal, state, municipal) in Austria are higher, and in terms of the arithmetic mean (EUR 53,247) below the incomes of salaried employees (EUR 47,410 and EUR 57,566). This is justified with the better pay in the lower income positions and the smaller differences in the upper income positions. In contrast, higher top salaries are paid in the private sector, which increases the arithmetic mean.

Federal service

Large areas of responsibility for the federal government are internal and external security, the educational sector (federal schools), as well as the financial and judicial sectors. The federal staffing capacity was 134,569 full-time equivalents (VBÄ) in 2017.

The ministries are the interface between administration and politics. The implementation of the government's projects is planned in terms of content, placed in an institutional framework and coordinated. The majority of the employees in the ministries work in the subordinate departments in which the operational implementation of the tasks of the federal administration takes place.

The proportion of employees working directly in the central offices (ministries) is 8%. In the numerous subordinate departments such as B. Schools, courts, tax offices and police inspections work 91% of the staff. 1% of federal employees work for the other supreme organs of the presidential chancellery , parliamentary administration , constitutional court , administrative court , ombudsman's office and audit office.

In addition, 5,943 federal officials were employed in outsourced institutions, e.g. B. ( Statistics Austria , federal museums, labor market service , universities , probation assistance, etc.) and 11,737 in the successor companies of the post and telegraph administration .

Occupational groups in the federal service

There are essentially seven professional groups to which federal employees can be assigned. (The group “other” consists almost exclusively of doctors.) The individual professional groups differ not only in terms of their professional activities. Rather, the proportion of civil servants, the ratio of women / men, the proportion of part-time employees, the average age, the income situation and other parameters are of interest.

The spectrum of job profiles in the administrative service includes lawyers, technicians, business and economics professions, psychologists, experts in various other fields of knowledge as well as clerks in the administrative area.

Full-time equivalents per occupational group

In Austria, the following full-time equivalents were assigned to these occupational groups in the public service in 2017:

  • Administrative service: 45,917
  • Teacher: 39,864
  • Executive Service: 31,844
  • Military service: 13,460
  • Judges and prosecutors: 2,964
  • Nursing Service: 223
  • School inspection: 261
  • Other: 34

Women and men in the federal service

The proportion of women in the entire federal service is 41.7%. For several years now, the proportion of women has been increasing, especially in areas in which women are underrepresented (executive, military).

Age structure of federal employees

The average age in federal service is currently 46.0 years. In the period from 1995 to 2017, the average age of federal employees rose from 40.5 years to 46.0 years. With the exception of a temporary decrease in 2004, which was due to the outsourcing of universities, the average age in federal service rose continuously until 2016. In 2017, the average age fell slightly due to the increasing number of retirements (see section 5.9.) And new admissions (see section 5.1.).

Training in federal service

Education and training have a high priority in the federal service. The educational principle applies to civil servants, i. This means that a certain previous training is required for each use. In addition to the internal basic training that all employees go through, in-service training is an essential part of personnel development in the federal administration. Furthermore, the federal government offers various internships: An administrative internship has been possible in the federal service since 2004. This involves an apprenticeship relationship in which interns can supplement and deepen their respective previous education with a corresponding practical activity in the federal administration and thereby acquire professional experience. The legal internship - colloquially known as the court year - gives law graduates the opportunity to continue their professional training by working at a court and to test and deepen their legal knowledge. The teaching internship is intended to introduce graduates of teacher training and diploma courses to the practical teaching profession at middle and higher schools and give them the opportunity to prove their suitability for teaching. In the future, the teaching internship will be replaced by the so-called induction phase. Both in the departments and in the outsourced institutions, apprenticeship training is promoted in order to enable the young people to have a smooth and qualified entry into professional life and to give them the best possible prospects. The path was consistently pursued, so that currently (December 2017) around 4,000 apprentices are being trained at the federal government and its outsourced facilities. The number of apprentices at the federal government was 1,415 in December 2017 - in the outsourced institutions it was around 2,600.

Gender Pay Gap in the Federal Service

The federal income report shows the income differences between women and men. The gender pay gap , which shows the percentage difference in income between women and men, is an important indicator . In the federal service this figure is 11.0%. To ensure comparability of women's and men's income, the income of part-time employees is extrapolated to full-time employment and that of employees employed during the year is extrapolated to annual employment. These projections reflect the fictitious income of all federal employees, assuming that all employees would have worked full-time all year round. In this way, distortions due to different partial employment rates or proportions of those employed during the year between men and women are neutralized and comparable income information is presented. In general, the gender pay gap in the federal civil service is largely due to differences in the following income-relevant characteristics: the amount of overtime worked, qualifications, age and holding a management position. In those occupational groups where both contractual and public employment relationships occur, the comparison of women's and men's income is made more difficult by the fact that civil servants and contract employees are paid according to different salary schemes and the proportion of civil servants for men and women usually differs.

literature

  • Federal Ministry for Public Service and Sport, Section III Public Service and Administrative Innovation: The Federal Personnel 2018. Data and facts. Vienna, 2018 ( oeffentlicherdienst.gv.at ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Headcount in full-time equivalents, excluding outsourced institutions and companies. Data status: federal government December 31, 2017, federal states 2017, municipalities 2016, source: federal government - MIS, federal states - own data of the federal states based on the Austrian Stability Pact minus state hospitals, municipalities - Statistics Austria; Publication “Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht”, Federal Ministry for Public Service and Sport, oeffentlicherdienst.gv.at
  2. ↑ civil servants, contract staff. Publication “Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht”, Federal Ministry for Public Service and Sport, oeffentlicherdienst.gv.at
  3. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication “Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht”. (PDF) Chapter 1.2.2 Entire government sector. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, p. 15 , archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on August 16, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht. (PDF) Chapter 1.2.3 Size of the state sector in international comparison. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, pp. 15–16 , archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on August 16, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Statistics Austria. Retrieved January 8, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication “Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht”. (PDF) 1.1 Federal, state and local authorities. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, pp. 11–14 , archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on August 16, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht. (PDF) Chapter 2.2 Ministries and subordinate agencies. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, pp. 27–28 , archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on August 16, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication: Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht. (PDF) Chapter 2.4 Outsourcing. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, pp. 31–32 , archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on August 16, 2017 .
  9. ↑ * in full-time equivalents, as of December 31, 2017 ** Median of gross annual income 2014
  10. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication: “Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht”. (PDF) Chapter 5.6 Women and Men. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, pp. 79–86 , archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on August 16, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication “Das Personal des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht”. (PDF) Chapter 5.1 Age structure in the federal service. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, pp. 56–60 , archived from the original on February 28, 2019 ; accessed on August 16, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Renate Gabmayer, Florian Dohnal, Yeliz Yildirim: Publication “Personnel des Bundes 2018, Personalbericht”. Chapter 4 Training relationships in the federal service. Federal Ministry for Public Service and Sport Austria, pp. 52–55 , accessed on January 8, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Cornelia Lercher: Publication “Income Report 2018 according to Section 6a of the Federal Equal Treatment Act”. Federal Ministry of Public Service and Sport Austria, accessed on January 8, 2019 .