Civil servant (Austria)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The officer is in Austria a special form of government employees and a public body .

Position of civil servant in social affairs

People in the civil service (civil servants) are divided into two groups:

Civil servants are appointed by decision ( pragmatization , civil servant status) and are permanently entrusted with the affairs of public administration . The basis of the Austrian civil service is the civil service law 1979 (BDG, idgF ) for civil servants of the federal government , the state civil servants law for the state civil servants, and the respective state laws for the state level and for the community employees, as well as numerous other regulations for civil servants of other departments of the public administration .

Civil servants are subject to their own service law . You must have Austrian citizenship , are subject to a duty of obedience and confidentiality, and are subject to increased criminal liability as well as their own disciplinary law .

In the area of ​​social security, most Austrian civil servants are compulsorily insured in health and accident insurance under the Civil Service Health and Accident Insurance Act (B-KUVG) with the Insurance Company for Public Employees, Railways and Mining (BVAEB), certain (regional and municipal) civil servants on the other hand, at so-called health care institutions. In contrast to Germany, there is no option to private health insurance . Austrian civil servants are not subject to pension insurance . The respective service authority, however, withholds pension contributions from the salary, which later lead to a pension (in the event of retirement ) or a pension (in the event of incapacity ).

Forms of officialdom

Federal civil servants are divided into ten groups (the official Austrian job title is given):

History of the Austrian civil service

Review article: history of the civil service

For centuries, the administration of the Habsburg Empire was based on the manor, especially on the nobility and the church. Sometimes there were conflicts of interest between the imperial orders and one's own wishes. The increasingly complex laws and regulations required well-trained lawyers and academics, most of whom came from the bourgeoisie. Until Maria Theresa's time, civil servants were paid by direct fees and charges for administrative activities. Only then did officials receive a fixed salary from the state and were otherwise not allowed to have any income.

The history of the modern Austrian civil service begins around the first third of the 18th century. Milestones were the decade from 1780 to 1790 ( reforms of Emperor Joseph II - pastoral letter of 1783), then the Vormärz , the year 1873 (first comprehensive rank and salary system) and the year 1914 (service pragmatics).

The Austrian civil service is currently the subject of controversial discussion.
Some voices believe that the increasing outsourcing of agendas from state administration ( state-owned companies ), restrictions on pragmatization and leveling of service and pension law would make the Austrian civil service, which is still mourned today in some of the successor states of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , and that in this multi-ethnic state Integration instrument of the first order, disfigured beyond recognition.
The general amalgamation of civil servants and the private sector is also viewed critically.

Position on the labor market

From an economic point of view, civil servants - as one of the basic forms of employment - are included in a group with salaried employees and contract employees in addition to blue-collar workers.

There are around 200,000 civil servants in Austria today (2013: 206,486). This corresponds to 2.5% of the population (2013; precise assessment: resident population in private households) and 6% of employees (2013: 5.7% of 3.6 million people in paid employment; 4.9% of 4.4 million people. Total employed).

There are 75,000 civil servants in the service of the federal government (2013: 75,053), that is a share of one third (2013: 36.3%). Compared to contract employees, the proportion fell due to the pragmatization freeze in 1997 and November 2003 (66% civil servants in 2003, 2013: 57.8% in full-  time equivalent VBÄ), as did the total number of federal employees (150,135 in 2003).

Financially, civil servants are among the higher earners, the gross annual income for civil servants is around € 50,730 (median, 2012; total employees: € 25,370). Of all the basic employment groups, civil servants is the one with the lowest income gap between men and women; the income difference is only 5.5% (2013: men 51,940, women 49,090 on average), which is primarily due to the fact that the highest-ranking civil servants are still male-dominated. 35,000 civil servants earn more than € 70,000, thereof 8,700 more than € 100,000, 11,500 less than € 30,000, of which only 2,000 less than € 20,000 (gross, annually).

See also: Public Service: Austria - Facts and Figures on the Labor Market

Officials in the exercise of political functions

Civil servants make up around 10% of Austrians who are actively eligible to vote, while the proportion of people employed in the public service among members of the National Council is 40%. If you add other public legal entities to the public service as a basis for the calculation, 50% of the parliamentarians are civil servants.

literature

  • Anita Pleyer, Susanna Loibl-van Husen, Stanislav Horvat, Stefan Ritter: Civil Service Law Act . Comment. Linde Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7073-1344-4 (as of April 19, 2010, incl. 2nd amendment to service law 2009).
  • Karl Megner: Official metropolis Vienna 1500–1938. Building blocks for a social history of civil servants mainly in modern Vienna . Verlag Österreich, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7046-5525-7 .
  • Peter D. Forgács: The extradited officer. About the nature of state administration . Böhlau Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-20099-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

Official . In: HELP.gv.at : Glossary of terms
Entry on civil service law in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
  1. ↑ a b quot. Literal help.gv: civil servant
  2. ↑ a b excluded from the Civil Servant Service Act: civil servant trainee judges, public prosecutors, judges, these are subject to the Judges and Public Prosecutor Service Act
  3. ↑ Law of December 15, 1978 on the service law of state civil servants (State Civil Servants Act 1978)
  4. ↑ except from the requirement of Austrian citizenship: university professors
  5. ↑ ADVOKAT management consultancy: § 2 B-KUVG (civil servants health and accident insurance law), exceptions to health insurance - JUSLINE Austria. Retrieved October 22, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Teachers except for the teaching staff of the state and forestry schools in state competence (LFS), these are subject to the state and forestry state teacher service law
  7. ↑ see The public service in Austria. pdf of the BKA 2003
  8. ↑ Edgar Wojta, turning points in development ..., diploma thesis 2012 pdf on univie.ac.at
  9. ↑ Austrian Chamber of Commerce (ed.): Statement on civil service law . 2009 ( Civil Service Law 1979, Contract Employees Act 1948, Judge and Public Prosecutor Service Act, State and Research Economics State Teachers Service Law. ( Memento from January 15, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) → Successes, positions, statements → Statements 2009 [accessed on December 27, 2010] ). Opinion on civil service law ( memento of the original dated January 15, 2013 in the archive.today web archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , link to pdf.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / portal.wko.at
  10. ↑ a b In 2013 wage tax revenue rose by 4.8%, gross earnings increased by 2.9%. Press release Statistics Austria, 10.902-211 / 14, November 12, 2014, Table 2: Persons liable for income tax in 2013 by social status and gross income level. (The figure given here, 4.7% of 4.3 million, relates to the labor force according to ILO )
  11. ↑ Employed persons according to occupational position and gender since 1994. Statistics Austria, statistik.at (table) - the number of persons liable to pay wages differs somewhat from the national economic number.
  12. ↑ a b civil servants, contract employees. Federal Chancellery, oeffentlicherdienst.gv.at> Das Bundespersonal (accessed February 21, 2015).
  13. ↑ stop pragmatization; Official posts in the 1998 and 1999 establishment plans , Gfz. 466/14-III / C / 97, circular no. 27/1997 (on bmbf.gv.at)
  14. ↑ OECD: Number of Austrian civil servants in the lower midfield. In: The Standard. online, June 3, 2008.
  15. ↑ The reason for this calculation is that some professional groups, such as the executive service, the military service or judges and public prosecutors, do not have a direct basis for comparison with the public service relationship. Specifying civil servants, contract staff. oeffentlicherdienst.gv.at.
  16. ↑ a b Gross annual income of women and men by social status 2012 , statistik.at (table).
  17. ^ The Austrian official - between tradition and redefinition. ( Memento from September 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: oeffentlicherdienst.at