Organic national product
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The term eco-social product , sometimes also eco- domestic product (see gross domestic product ), arose based on the gross national product . The “defensive costs”, ie expenditures to remedy the negative consequences of economic growth, make up an ever larger share of the gross national product (GNP). Critics of the so far only quantitative calculation of the GNP therefore demand that defensive costs be taken into account and a positive assessment of environmentally friendly management in an eco-social product.
development
The United Nations and the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC, predecessor organization of the OECD ) have developed a standard system of accounts called the System of National Accounts for national accounts , which results in a system of integrated environmental and economic accounting ( System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting , SEEA) and was presented at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. A primary goal of the SEEA is the determination of the environmental usage costs and the associated calculation of an eco-domestic product.
According to Jean Paul Hüsli (Panama), the "eco-domestic product ... is therefore an appropriate addition to the national accounts, given today's awareness of the problem."
Examples
The increase in motor vehicle traffic on the streets makes people sick through noise and exhaust fumes . Health costs are increasing. These external costs are not imposed ( internalized ) on the polluter , but on the general public (via the health insurance companies ). The money spent is no longer available for consumption. These side effects of freight transport are negative for the economy.
More cars on the streets require more roads and parking spaces. The increase in the number of automobiles leads statistically to more accidents. In the conventionally calculated GNP, the sale of cars, the building of new roads, but also the treatment of accident victims and the burial of accident victims are taken into account and assessed as a positive, economic factor. The GNP is increasing. It does not take into account that the production, like the disposal of cars, uses up environmental resources and the roads also have negative consequences for the environment. These consequences should be recorded in the eco-social product.
Eco-social market economy
The eco-social market economy has been developing a comprehensive model for ecological and socially acceptable economic activity since around 1980 . Here, environmental protection and sustainable economic activity are included as political categories in the market economy, in that the market forces inherent in capitalism are used as motivation to preserve the environment and social justice . Compare and compare current scientific models a. the conventional gross national product with the global GDP of nature, which can be estimated as "interest on natural capital" (natural growth of forests, crops, etc.).
literature
- Adolf Theobald : The organic national product . Quality of life as national income. (= Texts + theses. Volume 185). Edition Interfrom, Zurich 1985, ISBN 978-3-720-15185-6 .
- Carsten Stahmer: Eco-domestic product . In: Dieter Brümmerhoff , Heinrich Lützel (Hrsg.): Lexicon of national accounts . Munich / Vienna, 1994 (p. 265)
- Alfred Endres, Volker Radke: Indicators of Sustainable Development: Elements of their economic-theoretical foundation , Volkswirtschaftliche Schriften, Issue 479, Berlin, Duncker and Humblot, 1998, p. 6 books.google ; New edition 2015: ISBN 978-3-428-49243-5
- Hans-Hermann Hartwich: The Europeanization of the German economic system: old foundations, new realities, future prospects . Opladen, Leske and Budrich 1998, p. 261. books.google
- Wouter van Dieren: Count on nature. The new Club of Rome report , ISBN 978-3764351731 . , Review at Spektrum
- Environmental economic accounts Fourth and final statement on the implementation concepts of the Federal Statistical Office. In: Advisory Board "Environmental Economic Accounting" at the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. March 1, 2002, accessed April 22, 2015 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://wirtschaftslexikon.gabler.de/Definition/oekoinlandsprodukt.html
- ↑ Hans Werner Holub, Gottfried Tappeiner: Misleading balance sheet , article in Die Zeit No. 49, December 3, 1993
- ↑ quoted in: Erwin Neuenschwander (Ed.): Science between Qualitas and Quantitas . Birkhäuser, 2003. ISBN 978-3-764-35383-4
- ↑ quoted in: Hans-Werner Holub: An introduction to the history of economic thinking , Volume V. LIT Verlag Münster, 2014. ISBN 978-3-643-50584-2 (chapter The concept of an eco-social product , p. 133 ff.)