Oil radish

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Oil radish
Oil radish

Oil radish

Systematics
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Brassiceae
Genre : Radishes ( raphanus )
Type : Garden radish ( Raphanus sativus )
Variety : Oil radish
Scientific name
Raphanus sativus var. Oleiformis

The radish is depending on the author usually a variety Raphanus sativus var. Oleiformis Pers. or rarely a subspecies Raphanus sativus subsp. oleiferus (Stokes) Metzg. of the garden radish ( Raphanus sativus L. ) from the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).

features

The oil radish reaches heights of 50 to 100 cm. It develops a strong taproot , depending on the variety, the soil is rooted between 80 and 150 cm deep. It does not form the tubers typical of the other garden radish varieties. The seeds are very oily. The thousand grain weight of the seeds varies between 3 and 7 grams. Oil radish seeds germinate at soil temperatures of 2 to 3 ° C.

use

The oil radish was originally bred for oil production. Pliny the Elder provides the oldest accounts of this for Egypt. Here, as well as in China and Japan, it is still grown today for oil production. In Central Europe and North America, oil radish is mainly grown for green manure as a catch crop. The oil radish shadows the soil heavily due to its strong leaf development, the deep rooting leads to a good exposure of the soil. This also provides good protection against erosion. In addition, oil radish is cultivated, especially in sugar beet crop rotations, as a catch plant to control soil nematodes , as some cultivars are highly resistant to the root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla . As a result of the resistance, the oil radish roots are attacked by the nematodes, but these can only form few or no cysts in the roots. Due to the high content of bitter substances and mustard oils, oil radish is only reluctantly accepted by farm animals as green fodder ; if feeding is nevertheless to take place, the pod stage should be waited for after flowering, as the bitter substance content is then lower.

Oil radish, grown as a green manure.

Cultivation

In Central European conditions, oil radish can be sown between February and the end of August. As far as the oil radish as intermediate crop for the purpose of green manure is cultivated or to the nematode control, the sowing is carried out after the main crop of the crop year in the period from the middle to the end of August, with a seed rate of 20 kg / ha and a drilling depth of between one to two centimeters. Since oil radish freezes off in frosts of around −10 to −12 ° C, the following main crop can be sown by direct sowing without prior tillage. If oil radish is grown for oil production, the oil-containing seeds can be harvested using a combine harvester.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Raphanus sativus var. Oleiformis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ↑ Raphanus sativus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Entry in Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database .
  4. ^ Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 .
  5. ↑ Canadian Department of Agriculture website on oil radish use
  6. ↑ Udelgard Körber-Grohne: Useful plants in Germany from prehistory to today . Theiss, Stuttgart 1995, pp. 195f. (Reprint ISBN 3-933203-40-6 )
  7. ^ Website of the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Agriculture for nematode control, accessed on January 16, 2011

literature

  • Klaus-Ulrich Heyland (ed.): Special crop production . 7th edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1952 and 1996, ISBN 3-8001-1080-6 , pp. 93, 300.

Web links

Commons : Oil radish ( Raphanus sativus subsp. Oleiferus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files