Overstock

A surplus stock (or overstock , English excess stock ) is in supply management and logistics before, when the supplies or inventories are higher than the demand . The opposite is the shortage .

General

For all products which are ranges set, with a minimum and a maximum range must be determined. If it comes to the excess inventory are too high storage costs result in an undershoot are shortages or supply shortages due to subcomponent result. Overstock leads to avoidable excessive capital commitment , understock to shelf gaps . Expressed in the terminology of warehousing, there is excess stock when the optimal stock level is not only temporarily exceeded.

Identification and analysis

The starting point for measuring excess inventory is the average inventory in a warehouse .

  Durchschnittsbestand 
  - Sicherheitsbestand
  - Zyklusbestnad
  - Spekulationsbestand
  = Überbestand

The cycle inventory covers the period of replenishment of the warehouse with an average inventory outflow , the speculative inventory should enable the exploitation of special market opportunities .

About constituent analyzes are methods for determining the stock articles, the range higher than the specified target ranges. The target range is the specified maximum range of a warehouse item. Target ranges are determined on the basis of an ABC analysis or XYZ analysis . If the range analysis determines that the target range has been exceeded, there is an excess of inventory. Although just-in-time delivery and a value chain-oriented inventory minimization can prevent premature overstocking and short storage periods can also limit the spoilage of goods , the principle of small replenishment quantities and short delivery rhythms tend to have negative side effects.

economic aspects

Overstocking can arise both from excess supply and from sudden gaps in demand . They represent a storage risk and lead to storage bottlenecks because storage capacities are insufficient and storage costs may increase. Problems with excess stocks, especially in series production with a high level of vertical integration, can be reduced through standardization and modularity . The fixed place system has the advantage of visualizing excess stocks or shortages and is therefore often used in the context of lean production systems. By increasing the inventory turnover rate , excess stocks can be reduced, for example through intensive sales . Slow movers with low product rotation are more likely to have excess inventory than fast movers . The goal is the optimal order quantity , which helps avoid overstock.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Timo Siebert, consignment warehouse in a trading company , 2013, p. 8
2. ^ Paul Holger Klee, Prozessorientierter Distributionscontrolling , 1999, p. 399
3. ↑ Paul Holger Klee, Prozessorientierter Distributionscontrolling , 1999, p. 134 f.
4. ↑ Paul Holger Klee, Prozessorientierter Distributionscontrolling , 1999, p. 135
5. ↑ Klaus Bichler / Ralf Krohn / Peter Philippi / Frank Schneidereit (eds.), Kompakt-Lexikon Logistik , 2017, p. 229
6. ↑ Klaus Bichler / Ralf Krohn / Peter Philippi / Frank Schneidereit (eds.), Kompakt-Lexikon Logistik , 2017, p. 251
7. ↑ Werner F. Schulz / Carlo J. Burschel / Martin Weigert (eds.), Lexicon Sustainable Economics , 2001, p. 236
8. ↑ Werner F. Schulz / Carlo J. Burschel / Martin Weigert (eds.), Lexicon Sustainable Economics , 2001, p. 238